基于模糊在线识别的并联混合动力客车自适应控制策略

针对一款并联混合动力客车提出了一种基于模糊在线识别的自适应控制策略.基于自主研发的混合动力车数据采集监控系统构建符合本地车辆实际行驶道路特点的典型工况,设计模糊工况识别算法对车辆实际行驶的工况类型进行在线识别.根据最小等效燃油消耗控制算法和电池电量平衡控制方法,结合工况识别的结果调用相应最优控制参数,对发动机和电池的功率分配进行实时优化计算,实现对整车的控制.实验结果表明,所设计的模糊识别方法能够较好地完成行驶工况类型的识别.基于此所提出的自适应控制方法能够在满足车辆需求功率和电池SOC维持在有效工作区间内的前提下完成发动机和电池的最优功率分配,显著提高整车的燃油经济性.      

Q6W-2型低地板轻轨车车体静强度试验研究

为了检验Q6W-2型低地板轻轨车车体在强度、刚度等方面的性能，对实际车体进行了不同工况的加载试验测试。针对轻轨车车体结构的特点，设计了不同工况下的加载装置。测试试验结果表明，B、C模块的车体结构在强度和刚度等方面基本上达到了设计要求，对个别薄弱环节提出了修改建议或意见。试验结果与有限元计算结果进行了对照，试验值和计算值吻合。     

基于AMESim与MATLAB的混合动力汽车联合仿真平台设计

针对一款搭载新型复合功率分流式动力系统的混合动力汽车基于AMESim和MAT-LAB设计了联合仿真平台.其中,整车物理模型在AMESim中实现,包括整车基本参数,发动机、电机、变速箱和动力学模型;逻辑控制模块在MATLAB中实现,包括电机与发动机转矩、锁止器与离合器和挡位控制信息.该仿真平台在WLTC和NEDC工况下进行验证,结果显示WLTC工况下油耗6.76L/100km,电耗0.1661kW·h,NEDC工况下油耗5.2L/100km,电耗0.1342kW·h.     

高尔夫轿车电控燃油系统的原理与诊断

高尔夫轿车的燃油供应方式采用了多点喷射系统，通过闭环控制系统给发动机供油，使得发动机各工况燃烧充分，提高发动机功率，高尔夫轿车发动机最常见的故障就是不好着车。     

串联混合动力推土机能量管理策略

以提高整车的最小燃油消耗为控制目标,研究了串联混合动力推土机的能量管理策略。首先,根据双电机独立驱动的串联混合动力推土机结构,建立了发动机、发电机、电机及其控制器、超级电容、推土机动力学的数学模型;然后,基于发动机最佳燃油消耗功率曲线,提出一种恒温器式与功率跟随式相结合的能量管理控制策略;最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件,通过理论与试验相结合建模方法对串联混合动力推土机的整机和控制策略进行了仿真建模,利用130 s推土机的典型工况对动力源的能量分配和综合工况的经济性进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明:该策略可对发动机输出功率与超级电容充放电功率进行合理分配,满足整车功率需求,超级电容充放电次数明显减少且荷电状态(SOC)值在最佳工作区间内;混合动力发动机比原机型发动机燃油消耗率降低,发动机负载波动也明显减小,原机型发动机燃油消耗量为1 512 g,混合动力发动机燃油消耗量为1 358 g,其比原机型节油10.2%,整机燃油经济性得到明显提高。该方法是一种有效的串联混合动力推土机能量管理方法。     

发动机前端附件带传动系统功率损失的仿真分析

为了深入理解发动机前端附件带传动系统功率损失及其影响因素,通过多体动力学仿真计算某附件传动系统的功率损失。通过试验测定了某型皮带的力学特性参数,据此在Adams软件中建立了系统仿真模型。结合模型阐述了计算附件传动系统功率损失的基本方法与过程。通过仿真计算得到了系统功率损失,研究了预张力、负载、转速和加速度等因素对功率损失的影响。结果表明:功率损失随预张力、负载、转速单调递增,随加速度的变化较小。推算了该系统在一种典型工况下因功率损失造成的油耗。通过开展空载台架试验对比证实了计算模型与方法的正确性。     

双流传动的拖拉机转向工况换段过程

以拖拉机液压机械无级变速器为研究对象,通过对变速器构成及工作原理的理论分析,结合拖拉机的工作特性,搭建了由发动机作为驱动系统、由电涡流测功机和盘式制动器作为负载模拟系统、由工控机作为主要测控系统的试验台,建立了发动机及双功率流传动系统负载模型,给出了双功率流传动系统负载在试验台上的实现方法。以F4段换入F5段为例,对基于双流传动的拖拉机转向工况换段过程进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:所给出的双流传动试验台构成方案和试验方法,可为拖拉机转向工况速比控制研究提供试验依据。     

挖掘机混合动力系统部件装机功率设计方法

合理设计挖掘机混合动力系统部件装机功率不仅可以满足挖掘机动力性能和操纵性能的需要,而且有助于降低动力系统各部件的装机功率.分析了混合动力系统各部件间的能量传递过程,查明了柴油机用于直接拖动负载的输出功率对混合动力系统部件装机功率的作用规律,提出了挖掘机混合动力部件装机功率设计方法,给出了混合动力系统各部件装机功率的计算公式.以7T混合动力挖掘机为例,对其混合动力系统各部件的装机功率进行了计算.计算结果表明:所提出的设计方法可用于混合动力系统各部件装机功率的计算;所提出的设计方法可用于不同结构混合动力系统部件装机功率的设计.     

对置活塞二冲程发动机机械增压匹配分析

针对对置活塞二冲程发动机结构特点和性能匹配实验的需求,利用GT-POWER软件建立了该发动机和Rotrex机械增压器的匹配仿真模型,研究了在不同工况下排气背压对换气过程的影响. 计算结果表明:在相同工况下,排气背压对扫气效率影响较小,对给气比和捕获率的影响较大. 当捕获率超过98%时,扫气效率会有明显下降;高转速工况增压器的消耗功率较大,占发动机有效功率21%~25%. 该发动机能够与增压器进行较好的匹配.      

挖掘机单神经元比例-积分-微分节能控制系统

从节能角度考虑，通过对液压挖掘机功率匹配的分析。提出了将液压泵的功率曲线设定在发动机的功率曲线之上的功率匹配方法．随着负载压力的变化，主控制器对液压泵的排量进行控制，使液压泵能够完全吸收发动机的功率，保证了发动机始终在设定的转速下运行。实现了发动机功率充分利用和节能的目的．研究了单神经元比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器在节能控制系统上的应用，试验结果表明，文中提出的功率匹配方法可行，单神经元PID控制器能够根据不同的环境和作业工况进行参数自调整，具有自适应的能力．研究结果为进一步研究开发智能化挖掘机提供了依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that