Novel PLGGE graft polymeric micelles for doxorubicin delivery

Novel poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-glutamic acid)]}-g-monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGGE) micelles were prepared and used as carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery. Three PEGylated PLGG copolymers (PLGGE2000, PLGGE1100 and PLGGE500) were characterized by XRD, TG and DSC. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the amphiphilic copolymers were 1.04, 0.55 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The TEM, AFM and DLS measurements revealed that the micelles were homogeneous spherical nanoparticles with the diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm when THF was used as solvent in the preparation of the micelles. Interestingly, extended cylindrical micelles were obtained using CHCl 3 as solvent. The micelles could trap doxorubicin (DOX) in the core with the highest drug loading content up to 23.7%. The mean diameter of drug loaded micelles was much bigger than that of blank micelles. The in vitro drug release of the micelles was diffusion-controlled release within the first 36 h and initial burst release was not obvious. However, after 36 h, the release rate in pH 5.0 was faster than that in pH 7.4 due to the degradation. The PLGGE micelles were nontoxic to both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells demonstrated that the drug loaded micelles exhibited high inhibition activity to cancer cells. CLSM observation of HepG2 cells showed that DOX released from the micelles could be delivered into cell cytoplasm and cell nuclei. PLGGE micelles are potential promising carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery.     

Glycyrrhizic Acid-Targeted Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites with Polyethylenimines-Mediated for Cancer Drug Delivery

In order to enhance the efficiency and specificity of anticancer drug delivery and realize intelligently controlled release,a new multi-functional nanoparticle drug carrier was synthesized.The drug carrier was prepared by functionalizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) with polyethylenimines(PEI),fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) and glycyrrhizic acid(GL).After detailed characterization,doxorubicin(DOX) was loaded onto the obtained MWCNT composites through π-π stacking interactions.The drug loading capacity of the GL-functionalized material was up to 92%,and the release behavior was significantly pH-sensitive.Release at pH = 5.8(typical of the tumor cell microenvironment) was much more rapid and reached a greater extent than release under normal physiological conditions(pH = 7.4).The modified MWCNTs had high biocompatibility with the liver cancer cell line SMMC-7721,but were able to induce cell death after 24 h incubation if loaded with DOX.Tests with shorter incubation time(2 h) were undertaken to investigate the selectivity of the MWCNT composites,showed that the nanocomposites could specifically target cancer cells.The above results suggest that the functionalized carbon nanotubes-based material has potential applications for targeted delivery and controlled release of anticancer drug.     

Preparation and cellular uptake of PLGA particles loaded with lamivudine

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with lamivudine and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via a double emulsion method. The influences of experiments parameters such as volume of inner aqueous phase, concentration of organic phase and ultrasonication time on the particle size and drug entrapment efficiency were investigated, obtaining PLGA particles with a diameter of ~260 nm and drug entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy, showing a core-shell structure. BCA assay found that 58 mg BSA was present on/in 1 g LPB particles. The loaded lamivudine showed a burst release at beginning and sustained release until 24 h in physiological conditions. Low pH could accelerate the release of lamivudine from PLGA particles, making the PLGA particles potential intelligent intracellular drug carriers. The PLGA particles were readily internalized into the human liver cells within a short time and increased gradually with the prolongation of incubation time regardless of the loading of lamivudine. The particles either resided within lysosomes or transferred to cytoplasm, but could not enter into the cell nucleus. The cell viability was not significantly influenced in the presence of the particles regardless of lamivudine encapsulation, suggesting that this kind of particles may be a good candidate for the intracellular anti-hepatitis B drug delivery.     

Preparation and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Cancer Therapy

Hydrogel has emerged as an excellent carrier platform for smart drug delivery and effective cancer treatment due to its high water content, good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties. In this work,the DOX-loaded polyvinyl alcohol（ PVA）hydrogel was prepared by freeze-thawing technique. The swelling test and the mechanical properties of the pure PVA hydrogels were performed. In addition, the in vitro drug release profiles were examined and the in vitro antitumor efficiency against He La cells was also estimated. The results indicated that the resulting PVA hydrogels contained significant amounts of water and possessed good mechanical properties,and DOX-loaded PVA hydrogel exhibited a sustained and p H-responsive DOX release. The MTT assays also demonstrated that the released DOX could effectively inhibit the proliferation of He La cells. Thus,the cross-linked PVA hydrogel can be further developed as a promising platform for cancer therapy.     

Thermo-Responsive Electrospun Nanofibers from Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide )/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Blends

A novel nanofiber composite poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)was successfully prepared by electrospinning.Analogous medicated fibers loaded with ketoprofen(KET)as a model drug were prepared.X-ray diffraction(XRD)demonstrated that the drug was presented in the fibers with an amorphous form.Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the fibers had an even diameter and smooth surface,and no phase separation was observed.The KET loaded nanofibers did not affect the morphology of the fibers,and no drug aggregation was separated from the polymer fibers.Water contact angle measurements proved that the PNIPAAm/PVP fibers switched from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when the temperature increased the lower critical solution temperature of 32℃.In vitro drug release studies were also undertaken and the result indicated that the PNIPAAm/PVP blend nanofiber presented the properties of the two polymers,having temperature-sensitive systems with sustained release properties.In addition,MTT assay demonstrated that the nanofiber film was non-toxic and suitable for cell growth.Thus,the nanofiber can be used as thermoresponsive carriers for sustained release of poor water soluble drugs.     

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Protein Drug Release Properties of Chitosan/Heparin Mlcrospheres

Chitosan/heparin microspheres were prepared using the water-in-oil emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The microsphere diameters were controlled by selecting the fabrication process parameters. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the chitosan/heparin microspheres were regular and the surface morphology was smooth. Fourier transform infrared showed that the chitosan amino groups reacted with heparin carboxylic groups to form acylamides in the microspheres. Analysis of the microsphere cytotoxicity showed that they had no cytotoxic effect and behaved very similar to the negative control （polystyrene）. To analyze the protein drug release profiles of the microspheres, bovine serum albumin was loaded as a model drug into the microspheres and released in vitro. Marked retardation was observed in the BSA release profiles. The results show that chitosan/heparin microspheres may provide a useful controlled release protein drug system for used in pharmaceutics.     

Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified nanoparticles for drug delivery: Preparation and characterization

In this work, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan （mGA-suc-CTS） used as liver targeted carrier for drug delivery, was prepared via hemisuccinate as a bridged group. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR and NMR methods and the degree of substitution （DS） of glycyrrhetinic acid groups was estimated via elemental analysis. Nanoparticles were formed by ionic gelation methold. The drug-loading and release behavior of the nanoparticles were investigated using BSA as the model drug. The results indicated that the carrier with a highest DS of 5.19% could be got and the DS was controlled by changing reaction temperature or feed ratio. BSA could be entrapped into the nanoparticles with the drug-loading ratio of 26.3% and the encapsulation efficiency of 81.5%. A sustained release over an 11-day period was observed in pH 7.4 in vitro.     

Fabrication of PLGA coated silica nanorattle for controlling the drug release behavior

Silica nanorattle with hollow and mesoporous structure has been proven to be an excellent drug carrier.However,how to control the drug release from silica nanorattle is still a challenge.In this study,we designed two methods,in-situ polymerization method and water in oil in water(W/O/W) double emulsion method,to coat a nanosized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) layer onto the surface of silica nanorattle for controlling the drug release behavior.Hydrophobic antitumor drug docetaxel was loaded into the PLGA coated silica nanorattle(PLGA@SN).The drug release profile,cellular uptake and cytotoxicity on human liver cancer HepG2 cells were evaluated to prove that the PLGA layer plays an effective role in tuning the drug delivery.     

In vitro study of poly(ethylene carbonate) as a drug-eluting stent coating

An in vitro feasibility study of the use of poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) as a biodegradable coating material for drug-eluting stents is reported, and the performance of PEC is compared with that of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PEC and PLGA discs after treatment with an alkaline KO2 solution as a superoxide source showed that the PEC maintained its integrity whereas holes and small particles appeared during the treatment of PLGA. Sirolimus and paclitaxel were loaded into PEC and PLGA in order to study drug release performance. Attenuated total reflectance–infrared (ATR– FTIR) spectroscopy of sirolimus, PEC and the sirolimus-loaded PEC coating showed that no chemical reaction occurred between sirolimus and PEC. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the mean roughness (Ra) values of the bare metal stent (BMS) and the drugeluting stent (DES) were 2.3 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively. After balloon expansion experiments, no delamination or destruction of the PEC coating was observed. The drug release profile of sirolimus was different from that of paclitaxel when PEC was employed as the drug carrier, and the release curves of sirolimus were different when PEC and PLGA were used as drug carriers. All the experimental results demonstrated that PEC was one of the best potential stent-coating materials.     

In situ Crosslinked Hydrogel as Drug Carrier for Promoting Angiogenesis

Hydrogels composed of natural polysaccharides hold great potential as a release system for delivery of small molecule drugs.In this study,the functional drug sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)was loaded in the hydrogel which was derived from aldehyde hyaluronic acid(AHA)and carboxymethyl chitosan(CC)through Schiff’s base reaction for promoting angiogenesis.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images demonstrated the suitable threedimension network structure of hydrogel.The rheological properties and compressive stress-strain behavior of hydrogel were also examined,and the results indicated that the hydrogel possessed good mechanical properties.In vitro drug release behaviors showed that drug released from the hydrogel in a sustained manner and could achieve prolonged release time compared to the pure drug.The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetraoliumbromide(MTT)assay showed the good cytocompatibility of the resulting hydrogel.More importantly,the chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)assay confirmed that the S1P loaded hydrogel could significantly promote angiogenesis in the CAM model.As a result,our results strongly suggested that the as-prepared hydrogel would be a good candidate for delivery of functional drugs.     

青海半细毛羊血清中SOD、GSH-PX、MDA含量的测定

对饲养在青海省湟源县的10只青海半细毛羊的血清T-SOD、Cu-Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、GSH-PX、MDA含量进行了测定,结果分别是:(261 67±37 27)NU/mL、(124 24±19 95)NU/mL、(137 42±40 07)NU/mL、(58 70±14 76)活力单位、(0 04±0 13)nmol/mL。其中SOD和GSH-PX含量在大部分动物常值之间,但MDA含量极低。     

金属有机框架衍生单原子纳米酶的合成、表征与生物应用研究进展

单原子催化剂（SACs）具有高原子利用效率以及高催化活性，在各种催化体系中均表现出优异的性能.其原子级别的活性位点与天然的金属蛋白酶类似，因此单原子纳米酶（SAzymes）的概念也应运而生.而金属有机框架（MOF）由于其具有高孔隙率的特点，可以作为合成SAzymes的前驱体.该文总结了使用MOF前体/模板构建SACs的合成策略，以及SAzymes的生物应用，提出了基于MOF衍生的SAzymes的发展挑战和前景.     

遗传算法-神经网络-流动注射光度法同时测定邻、间、对硝基苯酚

利用遗传算法对神经网络的结构参数及初始权重进行了优化.得到优化的遗传神经网络GA-BP-ANN.将此网络应用于解析流动注射—光度分析法测得的邻、间、对硝基苯酚的重叠光谱,建立了不经分离同时测定邻、间、对硝基苯酚的新化学计量学方法.     

4-(2,6-二氧杂-4,4-二溴甲基环己基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺的合成及结构表征

从季戊四醇出发,合成了二溴新戊二醇。并利用二溴新戊二醇与对二甲胺基苯甲醛进行羟醛缩合反应,合成得到4-(2,6-二氧杂-4,4-二溴甲基环己基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺,并对其合成条件进行了优化。利用核磁共振技术、单晶X-射线衍射法、质谱、红外吸收光谱技术对目标产物的结构进行了表征。     

单双核铜锌模拟超氧化物歧化酶配合物的合成、表征与活性研究

分别以三(2-苯并咪唑亚甲基)胺(NTB)和二(2-苯并咪唑亚甲基)胺(N3)为配体,咪唑基为桥,合成了一系列单双核CuZn超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的模拟化合物,并对它们进行了红外、紫外光谱表征,利用邻苯三酚自氧化法检测了活性.活性结果表明,配合物具有抑制O2.-的活性,其中N3异双核的活性高于其他配合物.     

人工神经网络-流动注射分光光度法同时测定邻、间、对硝基苯酚

利用流动注射分析具有高精确度、高重现性等优点和人工神经网络具有自适应性和解决非线性问题的能力,改进三层BP神经网络,解析流动注射-光度分析测得的邻、间、对硝基苯酚的重叠光谱,建立了不经分离同时测定邻、间、对硝基苯酚的新化学计量学方法,具有较好的多元校正和分辨能力.     

图Kr,s-E(rK2)的(模,整)和数

令N(Z)表示正整数(整数)集,N(Z)的非空有限子集S的和图G (S)是图(S,E),其中uv∈E当且仅当u v∈S;一个图G称为(整)和图,若它同构于某个SN(Z)的和图,(整)和数σ(G)(ζ(G))是使得G∪nK1是(整)和图的非负整数n的最小值。模和图是取SZm\{0}且所有算术运算均取模m(≥│S│ 1)的和图。一个图G的模和数ρ(G)是使得G∪ρK1是模和图的孤立点数ρ的最小值。对图Kr,s-E(rK2)(s>r≥4且s≥6)。研究了它的(模,整)和数,文中确定了图K4,5-E(4K2)的(模,整)和数。     

A brief introduction to neutron activation analysis in China

The history, the major achievements in both methodology and applications, the current trends and future perspectives of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in China are briefly described.     

SL(2,R)上的Hausdroff-Young不等式

通过在SL(2，R)的对偶空间中引入测度，给出了SL(2，R)上的两个类似于R上的Hausdroff-Young不等式．     

Thermoluminescence characteristics of Li_2B_4O_7:Cu,Ag,P

This paper reports the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of lithium borate activated by Cu, Ag and P. The glow curves and spectra of thermoluminescence were measured, and the thermolumines-cence response as a function of the absorbed dose and the fading behavior were studied. The results indicate that TL of this material has a low fading and wide linear dose response (10~(-4)―10~3 Gy).