基于宏观实验数据的堆石料细观本构模型参数反演

如何精确估计岩石材料细观本构模型参数是制约离散元方法发展与应用的瓶颈之一。提出基于响应面法的堆石料细观本构模型参数反演方法。建立一种用于岩石细观本构模型参数反演的响应面函数形式,在宏观实验数据与细观模型参数之间建立桥梁,实现岩石试样变形与模型参数之间关系的高精度非线性映射。基于堆石料试样的宏观实验数据和响应面函数模型,将模型参数反演问题转化为优化问题处理,反演确定岩石材料细观本构模型参数。结果表明:堆石料细观本构模型参数,包括法向接触刚度、切向接触刚度及摩擦系数,随围压增加而稍有增加;材料的法向接触刚度与切向接触刚度近似相等。反演分析预测的偏应力-轴向应变曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,实验验证了所提出反演方法的有效性。     

一种改进的算术优化算法及其在水文地质参数智能反演中的应用

水文地质参数的高效、准确、智能化获取对地下水资源科学管理和地下工程安全建设具有重要意义,因此提出一种新的水文地质参数智能反演方法.首先,提出了改进的算术优化算法(Chaotic Simplex Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, CSAOA),在搜索空间中使用混沌理论初始化粒子位置,引入随机优化的超参数自适应调整策略,同时使用单纯形法优化粒子位置更新法则,进一步提高算法的局部开发能力和勘探能力,减小算法陷入局部最优的概率.其次,选取8个基准函数进行数值实验,结果表明CSAOA算法在前期勘探收敛速度和后期局部开发收敛精度方面优于其他对比算法.再次,将传统的人工配线法转化为基于优化算法的全局最优化问题,构建基于CSAOA算法的水文地质参数反演模型,提出了基于CSAOA算法的水文地质参数智能反演方法.最后,将该方法应用于泰斯和汉图什井流模型参数反演实例进行验证,快速准确反演得到了水文地质参数,实现了水文地质参数智能识别.结果证实了该方法的可靠性与先进性,为解决水文地质参数反演问题提供了一种新的方案.     

基于紧束缚密度泛函方法水模型的优化

利用Boltzmann反演迭代方法,对电荷自洽的紧束缚密度泛函(SCC-DFTB)方法中水模型参数进行优化.结果表明:经Boltzmann反演迭代方法修正后的水模型可更好地吻合实验结果;水分子的扩散系数更接近实验值.     

基于KL-E的地质力学模型参数反演及应用

地应力及地质力学参数分布是石油工业井壁稳定性分析、水力压裂以及防砂措施制定等所需的关键参数.提出一种反演地质力学模型参数的方法,该方法通过优化算法依次调整地质力学模型的边界条件与力学参数场,以匹配模型计算地应力与硬数据(一维室内实验测量地应力或一维测井综合解释地应力)为优化目标.利用条件Karhunen-Loève展开...     

基于声信号海温垂直结构反演试验

目前利用声回波记录反演海洋温度垂直结构的方法中大多以声阻抗剖面作为反演对象,不便于实现声速和密度分离.针对此问题,提出了一种新的反演思路.在优化海温垂直结构参数化表达的基础上,利用遗传算法进行参数寻优,建立了海温垂直结构反演模型,以海温垂直剖面实测数据检验了模型的准确性.结果表明:反演模型能够直接得到温盐垂直结构反演结...     

基于异步粒子群优化算法的边坡工程岩体力学参数反演

基于现场变形观测资料的优化反演是确定边坡岩体力学参数的主要方法之一,其本质是一个岩体力学参数的寻优过程,因而,如何选择一个高效的优化算法是其核心问题之一.目前,粒子群优化算法已被应用于边坡工程力学参数反演,但其算法实现为同步模式,最优粒子的信息不能及时共享,降低了优化效率,使得反演耗时较多.鉴于此,提出基于异步粒子群优化算法的边坡工程岩体力学参数反演,该算法的搜索步伐并不一致,粒子间表现出异步性,因而寻优效率明显高于同步模式,可有效解决在边坡工程中岩体力学参数反演中存在的低效问题.在此基础上,构建了边坡工程岩体力学参数反演模型,并采用ABAQUS作为反演分析中的正分析工具,给出了边坡工程岩体力学参数反演的实现流程,完成了程序编制,进而通过算例分析,验证了所提出的方法和程序编制的可行性和高效性.     

基于异步粒子群优化算法的边坡工程岩体力学参数反演

基于现场变形观测资料的优化反演是确定边坡岩体力学参数的主要方法之一,其本质是一个岩体力学参数的寻优过程,因而,如何选择一个高效的优化算法是其核心问题之一.目前,粒子群优化算法已被应用于边坡工程力学参数反演,但其算法实现为同步模式,最优粒子的信息不能及时共享,降低了优化效率,使得反演耗时较多.鉴于此,提出基于异步粒子群优化算法的边坡工程岩体力学参数反演,该算法的搜索步伐并不一致,粒子间表现出异步性,因而寻优效率明显高于同步模式,可有效解决在边坡工程中岩体力学参数反演中存在的低效问题.在此基础上,构建了边坡工程岩体力学参数反演模型,并采用ABAQUS作为反演分析中的正分析工具,给出了边坡工程岩体力学参数反演的实现流程,完成了程序编制,进而通过算例分析,验证了所提出的方法和程序编制的可行性和高效性.     

生物软组织黏弹性参数反演方法研究

针对黏弹性参数反演中的模型选择问题,提出应用黏弹性材料的应力松弛曲线作为待反演的参数,不涉及任何黏弹性本构模型,采用有限元仿真与人工神经网络相结合的方法:通过有限元仿真得到不同应力松弛曲线下的剪切波传播速度,然后将仿真得到的数据作为训练样本输入到人工神经网络中进行训练,建立起生物组织黏弹性参数和剪切波传播速度的神经网络输出模型,有效解决了模型选择问题。最后通过粒子群优化算法反演得到组织的黏弹性参数。     

基于GPS掩星技术反演大气参数模型的优化

准确掌握地球大气中的水气分布，了解水气变化趋势对天气现象、全球气侯变化、数值预报有重的理论价值和实用价值.以无线电掩星技术为基础，利用掩星数据反演大气参数剖面，论证了原反演模型的不足，并给出了反演个例.引入ECMWF先验温度T，再通过线性迭代的方法反演对流层下部水汽廓线原理，给出了优化后模型反演个例，并对模型优化后反演廓线中存在的问题进行了分析，提出了下一步优化方向.     

基于多输出支持向量机和遗传算法的岩土参数反演方法

提出了基于多输出支持向量机(M-SVM)和遗传算法(GA)的岩土参数反演方法.在进行参数反演过程中,根据正交试验产生一系列参数的可能组合;采用有限元法(FEM)得到坝体不同测点处的位移计算值.将不同的材料参数组合作为输入,相应的位移计算值作为模型的输出来训练M-SVM模型,以便模拟坝体位移和材料参数之间的复杂关系.采用GA来求解材料参数反演所对应的优化问题.在进行最优材料参数搜索的过程中,采用训练好的M-SVM模型来替代有限元计算,以获得坝体位移的计算值,从而大大减少了计算所需的时间.根据某面板堆石坝沉降的监测数据和有限元仿真模型,实现了以上反演过程.反演分析的结果表明,本文提出的岩土参数反演方法具有计算精度高和计算效率高等优点,可以应用于实际工程中.     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Kinetic parameters of oscillating reaction of amino acid- BrO3^——Mn^2＋-H2SO4-acetone system

In the previous papers[1—3], the oscillating reactionusing amino acids as organic substrates was studied. Inorder to obtain information about the kinetic parameters ofoscillating reaction of amino acids in amino acid- BrO3 - ?Mn2 -H2SO4-acetone sy…     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

基于遗传算法的带附加气室空气悬架多目标优化

以带附加气室的空气弹簧悬架为研究对象,按照物理模型建立带附加气室空气弹簧的数学模型,考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将该模型以空气弹簧非线性力的形式直接引入到1/4车辆模型。以提高车辆平顺性、行驶安全性及操纵稳定性的综合性能为目标,以附加气室容积为优化变量,设计带附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;考虑到悬架性能各指标量在量纲与量级上的差异,对各指标量进行统一化处理,并采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标评价函数。在MAT-LAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型,采用遗传优化算法对典型工况下的最优附加气室容积进行寻优。优化结果表明,优化附加气室容积能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度、悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷有所增加。     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Ni_（10）Cu_（12.5）Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a pre-annealed/rolled specimen increases at a lower average rate than that in an as-cast/rolled specimen.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.     

Mutagenesis of Ser24 of Cytochrome b559 α Subunit Affects PSII Acitivies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In order to study the functions of cytochrome b559 (Cyt b559) in photosystem two (PSII) activity, mutant S24F of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was constructed using site directed mutagenesis, in which Serine24 (Ser24) locating downstream of Histidine23 (His23) in α subunit of Cyt b559 was replaced by Phenylalanine (Phe). Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that mutant S24F could be grown photoautotrophically or photoheterotrophically. However, their growth rate was slower either on HSM or TAP medium than that of the control; Analysis of PSII activity revealed that its oxygen evolution was about 71% of wild type (WT); The Photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of S24F was reduced 0.23 compared with WT; S24F was more sensitive to strong light irradiance than the wild type; Furthermore, SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting analysis indicated that the expression levels of α subunit of Cyt b559, LHCII and PsbO of S24F were a little less than those of the wild type. Overall, these data suggests that Ser24 plays a significant role in making Cyt b559 structure maintain PSII complex activity of oxygen evolution although it is not directly bound to heme group.