低地板有轨电车用盘式永磁电机直驱技术

针对低地板有轨电车用传统牵引电机布置不便、传动效率低等现状,提出一种盘式永磁电机直驱独立车轮方案.电机整体悬挂于构架外侧,使得电机质量为簧上质量.由尺寸方程估计电机基本尺寸后,再使用编写的电机CAD(Computer-aided Design)程序设计60kW电机以满足有轨电车牵引需求.采用基于滑模观测器的无位置传感器矢量控制方式对电机进行牵引控制.根据车辆导向控制特点,分别对转向架同侧电机和两侧电机进行差速控制.在MATLAB/Simulink平台下搭建电机控制模型,仿真结果表明,电机控制响应快、鲁棒性高;多个电机协调导向性能好,适应直道和弯道线路的控制需求.     

一种抑制无刷直流电机转矩脉动的调制方法

针对无刷直流电机存在较严重的转矩脉动问题,提出在换相区采用三相绕组共同调制方法来减小换相转矩脉动;在导通区,采用滞环比较原理实现对电机转矩、磁链的跟踪控制,从而消除非换相转矩脉动。在电机转矩与输入能量之间建立联系,按照单周期控制思想,使系统能够准确控制输入能量,进而准确控制电机转矩。仿真和实验结果表明,相比于传统的控制方法,采用转矩脉动抑制方法,在换相区和导通区内的电流和电磁转矩波形都更平稳。并且当电机转速变化时,采用传统控制方法得到的电流和电磁转矩会产生波动;而采用脉动抑制方法时,电机转速变化对绕组电流的影响不大,电机能够相对稳定地输出电磁转矩,验证了文中理论分析的正确性和有效性。     

电梯系统仿真设计

以单片机AT89C51为控制核心,由四相直流步进电机、发光二极管和七段数码管组成了四层电梯仿真系统,采用软件与硬件相结合的方法,达到了对步进电机的有效控制。采用十个独立式按键输入。在定位精度高的场合采用步进电机是一种理想的选择。     

一种基于TMS320F2812的五相步进电机细分驱动方案

针对五相步进电机不易控制的问题,阐述了步进电机细分驱动原理,建立了细分驱动数学模型并在Matlab/Simlink环境下进行了仿真,在硬件系统设计方面采用TI公司专门用于电机控制的DSP处理器TMS320F2812来实现五相步进电机的细分驱动控制,给出了整个系统的软件设计.实验结果表明:采用DSP实现了五相步进电机的细分控制,提高了步进电机的分辨率、提升了系统的控制精度和性能.     

PLC对电动机位移控制的制动实验

PLC应用微分算术左移 @ASL ( 2 5 )指令和微分算术右移 @ASR ( 2 6)指令 ,完成对3台电机的控制 .1 # 电机停止采用能耗制动控制 ,2 # 电机停止采用反接制动控制 .     

基于DSP的电动车用感应电机矢量控制研究

感应电机作为电动汽车的主流驱动电机,其控制方法已成为研究热点。为了达到电动车用感应电机高动态性能的控制要求,设计了一种基于DSP的感应电机矢量控制系统。该方法通过对绕组电流进行坐标变换得到励磁电流分量和转矩电流分量,采用两个PI调节器分别对励磁电流分量和转矩电流分量进行闭环控制,再采用SVPWM调制算法对三相逆变器桥臂的开关进行控制,即可得到加载在电机上的电压矢量。该方法满足了电动机用感应电机运行效率高、调速范围宽、可靠性高等控制特点的要求。实验结果表明该方法的正确性和有效性。     

步进电机控制系统的设计

系统采用AT89C51单片机控制步进电机的各种运行方式, 可实现步进电机正反转控制, 三拍、六拍工作方式设定, 步进电机无级调速.程序采用模块化设计, 通过键处理程序实现各功能设置, 操作简单, 易于掌握.     

轴向磁场磁通切换永磁电机矢量控制

为了研究轴向磁场磁通切换永磁(AFFSPM)电机在恒转矩和恒功率区域的运行性能,分析了AFFSPM电机的结构特征,推导了AFFSPM电机的数学模型.基于矢量控制建立了AFFSPM电机的驱动系统.在恒转矩区域,采用了最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制策略,并与id=0控制进行了对比;在恒功率区域,采用了一种基于电感补偿且保持q轴反电势不变的弱磁控制策略,并与普通弱磁控制进行了对比.仿真与实验结果表明,MTPA控制可以减小AFFSPM电机的铜耗.基于电感补偿的弱磁控制可以拓宽AFFSPM电机的恒功率运行范围,提高了AFFSPM电机运行性能,且AFFSPM电机轴向长度短、转子结构简单,因此比较适合用作电动汽车轮毂电机.     

多型电机实时群控系统设计与实现

针对传统电机控制技术的不足设计了一套多型电机实时群控系统.系统由4台不同的电机组成,由智能型CPS控制与保护开关电器控制.上位机利用力控组态软件,采用Modbus-TCP通讯协议,实现电机的控制、保护、监测.测试表明,系统实现实时遥信、遥测、遥控、遥调等功能,提高了控制效率,简化了操作难度,提高了可靠性,可满足电机分布式控制要求.     

显微镜坐标自动定位系统

本设计采用ATMEL公司的单片机AT89S51对步进电机进行控制．通过I／O口输出的具有时序的方波作为步进电机的控制信号。信号经过4个差分器驱动步进电机;同时,用8个键来对电机的状态进行控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that