连铸板坯三角区裂纹的影响因素

通过对连铸坯硫印数据库的分析,得到了普碳钢连铸板坯三角区裂纹的影响因素.结果表明,三角区裂纹随着S含量、过热度、拉速和铸坯断面宽度的增加而越来越严重.以此为基础,提出了生产过程中控制三角区裂纹的原则.C含量控制为0.13%;[Mn]/[S]＞25,过热度小于25℃,拉速低于1.30m/min,浇铸宽断面铸坯时应加强铸坯窄边的冷却强度,保证良好的铸机设备精度.     

邯钢二炼钢厂板坯中心偏析的成因及对策

分析了邯钢二炼钢厂板坯中心偏析的成因.阐述了如何解决由其引起的铸坯质量问题,采取了如下措施:要求中间包钢水[S]＜0.015%,[P]＜0.015%;应用PHOENICS软件,优化了浸入式水口参数,在不增加专门的压下设备条件下,通过逐渐缩小二冷夹辊开口度,在铸坯凝固70%部位,加大夹辊加下量,实现了铸坯总压下4.5 mm的轻压下.     

X1215易切削钢连铸坯成分偏析的研究

采用化学分析和低倍酸浸实验方法研究了低碳高硫易切削钢连铸坯的C、Si、Mn、P、S的成分偏析特征并分析其形成原因.结果表明,连铸坯的C、Si、Mn、P、S的偏析度均在0.9～1.1之间,S、P元素存在中心负偏析,低倍酸浸实验检测发现连铸坯存在中心疏松.分析认为,中心疏松是导致中心元素负偏析的主要原因.     

邯钢二炼钢厂板坯中心偏析的成因及对策

分析了邯钢二炼钢厂板坯中心偏析的成因。阐述了如何解决由其引起的铸坯质量问题,采取了如下措施:要求中间包钢水[S]<0.015％,[P]<0.015％;应用PHOENICS软件,优化了浸入式水口参数,在不增加专门的压下设备条件下,通过逐渐缩小二冷夹辊开口度,在铸坯凝固70％部位,加大夹辊加下量,实现了铸坯总压下4.5 mm的轻压下。     

动态轻压下模型的开发及优化

为确保提高连铸板坯铸坯内部质量,开发了一套完整的轻压下模型,包括凝固传热、二冷水动态控制和辊缝控制模型,并对动态轻压下技术的关键参数进行了优化. 通过射钉实验和铸坯表面温度测量,对该模型进行了校核. 实验结果与模型计算结果较为一致;当拉速变化时,铸坯表面温度可以保证在较小的范围内波动. 采用不同的轻压下参数进行生产试验,并通过铸坯低倍检验和中心偏析分析,对压下量和压下位置进行了优化,得出固相率(fs)0.2～0.5、单位压下量1.2 mm·m-1为本铸机最佳的轻压下参数.     

高拉速连铸低碳铝镇静钢铸坯中夹杂物

针对高拉速板坯连铸生产的低碳铝镇静钢铸坯,采用Aspex自动扫描电镜对铸坯表层夹杂物进行大面积的扫描分析,得到不同拉速下夹杂物的变化规律,并探究流场和S含量对夹杂物分布的影响。结果表明：随着拉速增大,钩状坯壳的深度和长度逐渐减小。对拉速大于2 m·min-1的铸坯,由于钩状坯壳不是很发达,铸坯表层没有发现大于200μm的夹杂物。铸坯表层尺寸介于50~200μm的夹杂物主要是由凝固坯壳所捕获,而夹杂物在凝固前沿的受力决定了夹杂物的捕获行为。随着拉速提高,凝固前沿的钢液流速增加,随着冲刷力的增加、捕获力的减少,夹杂物被捕获的数量减少。在高拉速连铸下,如果钢液中S含量较大,夹杂物受到明显的温度Marangoni力,会更容易被凝固坯壳捕获。     

喷嘴布置方式对中厚板坯连铸二次冷却效果的影响

研究了铸机矫直区现行喷嘴布置对板坯冷却效果的影响,并在喷嘴自动化测试平台上进行一系列喷嘴的组合实验,从喷嘴流量、喷射高度和水压三个方面探讨了相邻喷嘴喷淋水重叠度与水量在板坯宽度方向分布均匀性的关系. 在此基础上,对现行的二次冷却系统提出了优化方案. 实验结果表明,优化后,铸坯角部横裂基本消除,铸坯中心偏析从B类1.0减轻至C类1.5,其等轴晶比例提高了4.1%,明显地改善了铸坯的内部质量.     

管线钢连铸板坯的半宏观偏析和凝固组织

研究了不同凝固组织下管线钢的中心偏析情况.低倍组织腐蚀结果表明,连铸板坯的中心偏析由相对独立的、大小不一的半宏观偏析点组成,且不同凝固组织的半宏观偏析特征有所差别.化学成分分析表明,中心等轴晶时板坯中心为负偏析,且贯穿于整个等轴晶区中,而中心为柱状晶时则表现为正偏析.通过对比化学成分和半宏观偏析面积比发现,板坯的半宏观偏析面积比随C和Mn最大偏析度的增加而增加,由于化学成分分析只能反应局部位置的偏析情况,因此半宏观偏析面积比的方法对生产实践更具有指导意义.对不同过热度下不同凝固组织的半宏观偏析面积比的统计结果显示,在合理使用轻压下技术的前提下,中心为柱状晶更有利于减轻半宏观偏析面积比,进而改善管线钢连铸板坯的中心偏析.     

20Cr板坯中间裂纹原因及解决措施

针对某钢厂生产20Cr板坯时铸坯出现中间裂纹的问题,对铸坯进行了枝晶检验,对中间裂纹部位进行了扫描电镜的分析。结果表明,在保证设备完善的情况之下,降低S含量、适当调高二冷段的比水量以及提高拉速,可使中间裂纹的发生率和级别大幅下降。从控制MnS夹杂、二冷配水、铸坯拉速以及设备保障方面提出解决措施。     

宽板坯凝固前沿轻压下率模型的研究

结合连铸坯凝固规律及轻压下技术改善铸坯中心偏析的冶金原理,建立宽板坯轻压下率理论模型。根据某厂连铸宽板坯实际生产条件,以传热模型计算的铸坯凝固温度数据作为轻压下率模型计算条件,分析拉速、浇注温度、坯壳凝固收缩特性对铸坯轻压下率的影响规律。结果表明,在相同的拉速和浇注温度条件下,铸坯轻压下率沿拉坯方向的分布总体呈减小趋势;拉速较高时的起始轻压下率小于拉速较低时对应的起始轻压下率;拉速与平均轻压下率呈线性递减关系:拉速每升高0.1m/min,平均轻压下率减小0.015mm/m;浇注温度越低,轻压下区起始轻压下率的值越高;浇注温度对平均轻压下率的影响较小,浇注温度每升高10℃,平均轻压下率仅减小0.002 5mm/m;铸坯外部凝固坯壳的收缩对整个轻压下区平均轻压下率的贡献量为20.4%～22.3%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.