ZrO2改性Al2O3纳米介孔材料性能研究

采用化学沉淀法制备了ZrO_2、Al_2O_3与ZrO_2-Al_2O_3材料,利用X射线衍射分析考察了焙烧温度对材料的结构性能的影响;利用ZXF-6型自动吸附仪分析了ZrO_2与Al_2O_3之间的相互作用对织构性能的影响;利用氨气程序升温脱附测试了各材料酸性位和酸量大小及其变化.结果表明,ZrO_2和Al_2O_3之间的相互作用对结构性能和织构都有稳定作用,1 000℃高温老化后的ZrO_2-Al_2O_3以四方相的ZrO_2和γ-Al_2O_3两种物相存在,比表面积为88 m2/g,孔容为0. 22 m L/g,孔径为9. 8 nm,属于纳米介孔材料.新鲜材料表面酸性大小排列顺序为,ZrO_2Al_2O_3ZrO_2-Al_2O_3,老化后的ZrO_2-Al_2O_3表面酸性不稳定,有待继续改进.     

微正压、流动氩气下碳热还原法制备碳氧化铝的研究

研究了1 300～1 500℃、微正压+15 kPa、0.1 L/min流动氩气下,碳热还原法制备碳氧化铝.结果表明,以α-氧化铝和石墨为原料,1 400℃时开始生成Al_4O_4C,1 500℃时Al_4O_4C的含量反而降低,合成温度升高可能导致Al_4O_4C分解;以α-氧化铝、铝和石墨为原料,1 300℃时开始生成Al_4O_4C,Al粉的添加显著降低了Al_4O_4C的形成温度.1 500℃、60 min时,配比为n(α-Al_2O_3):n(Al):n(C)=4:4:3,Al_2O_3几乎完全反应,以Al_4O_4C为主要相,存在少量Al_4C_3;配比达到n(α-Al_2O_3):n(Al):n(C)=1:4:3时,Al_4O_4C消失,以Al_4C_3为主;原料中Al配比升高,Al_2O_3配比降低,产物中Al_4C_3含量增加.制备碳氧化铝的最佳条件是原料配比为n(α-Al_2O_3):n(Al):n(C)=4:4:3,合成温度1 500℃,保温时间90 min时,Al_4C_3消失,形成了含少量Al_2O_3的Al_4O_4C材料.不同原料配比下形成的碳氧化铝均以Al_4O_4C为主,未发现Al_2OC.     

负载Ru的金属基体整体式阳极Al_2O_3催化剂上煤油的水蒸气重整反应

使用板式金属基体整体式阳极Al_2O_3催化剂载体γ-Al_2O_3/Fe-Cr-Ni合金/γ-Al_2O_3(MPAA),通过溶液浸渍法制备一系列负载Ru的催化剂,研究催化剂在煤油水蒸气重整(SRK)反应中的性能。结果表明:与Ru浸渍负载后500℃空气中焙烧的多孔阳极Al_2O_3载体的催化剂Ru/MPAA-C相比,120℃烘干的催化剂Ru/MPAA-D显示了更高的Ru分散度和更好的催化剂活性及耐久性;高温N_2预处理可以完全分解Ru/MPAA-D催化剂上的前驱体; H_2预还原不是Ru/MPAA-D上煤油水蒸气重整反应的必要步骤;Ce的添加明显改善了煤油水蒸气重整反应中催化剂的抗积炭性能,从而提高了催化剂SRK耐久性。在高液时空速(40 mL/(g·h))下,添加1.25%Ce的Ru/1.25Ce/MPAA-D催化剂表现出了优于商业催化剂的耐久性,显示了其产业化的可能性。     

乙醇重整制氢对马来酸酐原位加氢制备四氢呋喃的研究

制备了两种聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的γ-Al_2O_3负载型稀土金属催化剂(PVP-La/Al_2O_3,PVP-Ce/Al_2O_3),并首次将乙醇催化重整制氢运用于马来酸酐(MA)液相加氢制备四氢呋喃(THF)的过程中。同时,对比研究了一种PVP稳定的钯催化剂(PVP-Pd/Al_2O_3)催化马来酸酐加氢的活性。结果表明,两种稀土金属催化剂显示出比PVP-Pd/Al_2O_3更优的催化性能。进而,系统考察了反应条件对PVPLa/Al_2O_3催化马来酸酐加氢反应的影响。在优化的条件下,MA实现了100%的转化,THF的选择性超过95.0%,最高达到98.2%的THF选择性。     

CuO/Al_2O_3催化剂合成甲基异丁基酮

异丙醇和丙酮的混合物在CuO/Al_2O_3或CuO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂表面的脱氢和脱水活性中心上,按异步协同反应机理,成功的合成了甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)。 在常压下反应温度为160—230℃,混合原料的液体空速为O.25—2小时~(-1),异丙醇转化率达60—80％,甲基异丁基酮选择率达60—30％,催化剂单程使用寿命超过五个月。     

蜂窝状催化剂的La_2O_3-Al_2O_3涂层的研究

由三异丙氧基铝水解制得的γ-Al_2O_3,比铝盐沉淀得到的γ-Al_2O_3具有较高的比表面积和热稳定性。采用La_2O_3为稳定剂能推迟高温下γ-Al_2O_3的相变,监抑制烧结,从而减缓因高温而引起的表面积下降。以这种涂层处理后的蜂窝状载体,负载上化学式量为LaCu_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_3催化活性组份,经900℃焙烧后,测试催化剂对CO氧化的催化活性,结果表明载体上的涂层Al_2O_3加La_2O_3稳定化后,对提高催化剂的高温稳定性有明显的效果。     

多级孔氧化铝负载钯催化剂的制备及加氢性能研究

文章以聚甲基丙烯酸单酯(PMMA)微球为模板剂,采用三嵌段共聚物F127辅助胶体晶体模板的方法合成介-大孔复合孔道结构的Al_2O_3载体,通过浸渍还原法制备了Pd/3DOM Al_2O_3负载型催化剂,考察了其在苯乙烯加氢反应中的活性。采用氮气物理吸附-脱附(N_2-BET)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(field emission scanning electron microscope, FESEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(high resolution transmission electron microscope, HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)等分析方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:活性物种主要以Pd~0的形式高度分散在3DOM Al_2O_3载体上;开放有序的多级孔结构有利于反应物和产物在孔道内的扩散,使其在苯乙烯加氢反应中的活性优于相同条件下γ-Al_2O_3负载的Pd催化剂,Pd/3DOM Al_2O_3的转换频率(turnover frequency, TOF)值可达0.56 s~(-1),高于Pd/γ-Al_2O_3的0.45 s~(-1)。     

低温下CO选择性催化还原NO_x的实验研究

进行了CO作为还原剂选择性催化还原低温烟气中NO_x的实验.主要考察了反应温度、活性金属负载质量比、活性金属种类3个因素对脱硝效率及CO转化率的影响.结果表明:考察温度窗口内(100~180℃),随着反应温度的升高,Cu-Co/Al_2O_3催化剂的NO脱除率逐渐升高,Cu-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂的NO脱除率先升高后降低,CO转化率不断增大;随着活性金属负载质量比的改变,实验工况下Cu-Co/Al_2O_3和Cu-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂活性金属负载质量比均为1.5时催化剂的脱硝性能最优;Cu-Mn/Al_2O_3的整体NO脱除率高于Cu-Co/Al_2O_3;8种催化剂中活性金属负载质量比为1.5的Cu-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂在160℃下脱硝效果最好.     

介孔氧化铝催化甲醇氢氯化合成氯甲烷

氯甲烷是一种在世界范围内广泛应用的化学产品。本研究以蔗糖为模板剂、异丙醇铝为铝源制备固体酸γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了该催化剂催化甲醇氢氯化合成一氯甲烷的性能。在催化剂制备过程中改变pH和物料比,活性测试结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,pH为5.5和蔗糖与异丙醇铝的摩尔比值为1∶1时,制备的介孔γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的甲醇转化率较商品γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的甲醇转化率有大幅提高。通过BET及吡啶红外的测试结果表明:以蔗糖为模板剂制备的催化剂具有较大的比表面,孔径分布集中,表面Lewis酸活性位点浓度较高。研究分析结果表明:固体酸γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的活性与催化剂表面的Lewis中强酸浓度有关,较高的中强酸浓度有助于提高催化剂活性。     

γ-Al_2O_3球和蜂窝陶瓷负载Fe_2O_3臭氧氧化降解丙烯酸废水的研究

以γ-Al_2O_3颗粒和蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用硝酸盐浸渍法制备了负载Fe_2O_3的两种催化剂,Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂和Fe_2O_3/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂.分别测试了蜂窝陶瓷、Fe_2O_3/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂和γ-Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的比表面积;以丙烯酸废水中的丙烯酸作为目标污染物,分别对比了单独臭氧氧化、Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂和Fe_2O_3/蜂窝陶瓷催化对丙烯酸的降解效果.结果表明,Fe_2O_3/蜂窝陶瓷和Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂对丙烯酸的COD的去除率分别为93.4%和83.1%,比单独臭氧氧化时的COD去除率69.9%有大幅度的提高;Fe_2O_3/蜂窝陶瓷和Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂对丙烯酸的TOC的去除率分别为82.7%和75.2%,与单独臭氧氧化时TOC去除率相比,分别提高了31%和24%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.