静电近似下抛物形电导率模型电弧的螺旋不稳定性

在静电近似下,给出了圆柱等离子体中电弧放电螺旋不稳定性的一个简化线性分析,得到了显式解析解,由这个解能给出稳定性判据及不稳定性增长率等定量结果,在外加均匀磁场情况下,理论结果与实验观测结果符合得很好。     

水化早期水泥净浆电导的特征及与凝结时间相关性的研究

通过测定硅酸盐类水泥净浆在水化早期的电导,获知各样品净浆的电导变化均有共同的特点,笔者将水泥净浆电导在水化早期的变化划分为五个阶段,各阶段均能用水化机理或仪器特点进行解释.实验结果表明,水泥净浆电导在水化早期的极值点LK对应的时间TLK与净浆的初、终凝时间存在良好的相关性.     

Using traveltime tomography to reconstruct electrical conductivity

A new method for reconstructing electrical conductivity distribution from electromagnetic (EM) data by using traveltime tomography is presented in this paper. Diffusive EM fields can be mathematically transformed to wavefields defined in a time-like variable. The transform uniquely relates a field satisfying a diffusion equation in time, or in frequency, to an integral of the corresponding wavefield. This paper first transforms numerically calculated transient magnetic fields to wavefields. Traveltime data from a source to the receivers are estimated from the transformed wavefields. Then an iterative reconstruction algorithm is used to obtain the slowness distribution of a medium. This algorithm is an improved ART algorithm taking account of bending ray paths. The slowness distribution is transformed to electrical conductivity distribution according to their relation. The simulation result is presented in this paper. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Ma Ning: born in Nov. 1970, Ph. D. graduate student     

纳米铝膜的非线性电阻效应

采用蒸发镀膜法制备了金属铝纳米膜,通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对纳米铝膜的表面形貌进行了观测,并采用标准四探针仪和半导体参数分析仪对薄膜的导电特性进行了分析。结果表明：在常温和毫安级电流下,纳米铝膜的电阻率呈非线性阶跃性变化,类似于在低温和纳安级电流下出现的库仑阻塞效应,这是由于膜厚度变小及膜表面的纳米结构所造成。     

假目标用电热涂层有效电导率模型

为了指导假目标用电热涂层的设计实验,综合考虑量子力学隧道效应以及填料粒子尺寸和形状,建立了假目标用电热涂层有效电导率模型,详细讨论了电热涂层有效电导率以及电导率渗流阈值和填料粒子形状、尺寸、填料体积分数的关系.计算结果表明:渗流阈值随填料粒子尺寸增大而增大,随粒子长短轴比增大而减小;涂层有效电导率在渗流阈值附近有明显突...     

The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine

It is well known that water (as a source of hydrogen) affects the physical and chemical properties of minerals--for example, plastic deformation and melting temperature--and accordingly plays an important role in the dynamics and geochemical evolution of the Earth. Estimating the water content of the Earth's mantle by direct sampling provides only a limited data set from shallow regions (<200 km depth). Geophysical observations such as electrical conductivity are considered to be sensitive to water content, but there has been no experimental study to determine the effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine, the most abundant mineral in the Earth's mantle. Here we report a laboratory study of the dependence of the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates on water content at high temperature and pressure. The electrical conductivity of synthetic polycrystalline olivine was determined from a.c. impedance measurements at a pressure of 4 GPa for a temperature range of 873-1,273 K for water contents of 0.01-0.08 wt%. The results show that the electrical conductivity is strongly dependent on water content but depends only modestly on temperature. The water content dependence of conductivity is best explained by a model in which electrical conduction is due to the motion of free protons. A comparison of the laboratory data with geophysical observations suggests that the typical oceanic asthenosphere contains approximately 10(-2) wt% water, whereas the water content in the continental upper mantle is less than approximately 10(-3) wt%.     

Thermal and electrical conductivity of iron at Earth's core conditions

The Earth acts as a gigantic heat engine driven by the decay of radiogenic isotopes and slow cooling, which gives rise to plate tectonics, volcanoes and mountain building. Another key product is the geomagnetic field, generated in the liquid iron core by a dynamo running on heat released by cooling and freezing (as the solid inner core grows), and on chemical convection (due to light elements expelled from the liquid on freezing). The power supplied to the geodynamo, measured by the heat flux across the core-mantle boundary (CMB), places constraints on Earth's evolution. Estimates of CMB heat flux depend on properties of iron mixtures under the extreme pressure and temperature conditions in the core, most critically on the thermal and electrical conductivities. These quantities remain poorly known because of inherent experimental and theoretical difficulties. Here we use density functional theory to compute these conductivities in liquid iron mixtures at core conditions from first principles--unlike previous estimates, which relied on extrapolations. The mixtures of iron, oxygen, sulphur and silicon are taken from earlier work and fit the seismologically determined core density and inner-core boundary density jump. We find both conductivities to be two to three times higher than estimates in current use. The changes are so large that core thermal histories and power requirements need to be reassessed. New estimates indicate that the adiabatic heat flux is 15 to 16 terawatts at the CMB, higher than present estimates of CMB heat flux based on mantle convection; the top of the core must be thermally stratified and any convection in the upper core must be driven by chemical convection against the adverse thermal buoyancy or lateral variations in CMB heat flow. Power for the geodynamo is greatly restricted, and future models of mantle evolution will need to incorporate a high CMB heat flux and explain the recent formation of the inner core.     

炭黑类填充料对氢化丁腈橡胶的导电性能的影响

对炭黑类（乙炔炭黑及快压出炭黑）填充氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）的导电性能进行了研究.探讨了电阻率与炭黑填充量的变化规律,分析了氢化丁腈橡胶的导电机理,同时对导电氢化丁腈橡胶的物理机械性能进行了研究与测定.     

几种元素对工业纯铝导电性的影响

研究了工业纯铝中加入镁、钙、硅、铁对其导电性的影响。结果表明：硅在铝中引起电阻率的增加最大,铁最小,因此,铁是强化铝导体的首选元素。铝中铁硅质量比在３．０～３．８时,其电阻率最小。     

各种掺杂剂对聚乙炔导电性的影响

三种掺杂剂对聚乙炔的掺杂结果表明:碘、无水FeCl_3掺杂的聚乙炔,其导电率较SnCl_4掺杂时为大;掺杂剂溶液浓度和聚乙炔膜的厚度对试样中掺杂剂浓度均有影响;又掺杂剂在膜表面分布均匀程度与掺杂时间有关。     

卤素掺杂对多壁碳纳米管导电性能的影响

通过气体吸附,制备了掺氯、溴、碘的多壁碳纳米管材料.与未掺杂多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)相比,掺氯MWNTs电导率提高到原来的5倍以上,掺溴MWNTs电导率提高到原来的3倍左右,掺碘对MWNTs电导率基本无影响.用拉曼光谱和X光电子能谱(XPS)分析研究了卤素和MWNTs间的相互作用.同时研究了载流子浓度和迁移率对复合材料电导率的影响,结果表明:卤素的电负性越强,掺杂后多壁碳纳米管的载流子平均自由程提高越多,载流子迁移率提高越大;卤素与MWNT s之间的相互作用越强,产生的载流子越多,掺杂后的MWNTs载流子浓度提高越大.     

A new model for evaluating the electrical conductivity of nonferrous slag

Electrical conductivity of molten slag is an important physicochemical property for designing the refming process in electric smelting furnaces. Though conductivities of many slag systems have been measured, the quantitative relationships of conductivity with slag composition and temperature are still very limited. In this article, the Arrhenius law was used to describe the experimental data of conductivities for CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, CaO-MnO-AlEO₃-SiO₂, as well as CaO-MgO-MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO: systems, and it is found that activation energy can be expressed as a linear function of the content of components, where the optical basicity of slag must be within the range of 0.58 to 0.68.     

电接触合金材料导电率的三维有限元分析

提出了一种计算多相合金电导率的数值模拟方法，采用有限元技术模拟电流流过导体时具有分布特征的电流场，各单元的组分随机产生以模拟实现的合金，通过计算全部单元中的总损耗来确定合金材料的等效电导率，在建立标量电位分析三维电流场有限元分析模型的基础上，以CuCr和AgW等合金为例计算了不同组分时电接触合金材料的电导率，并探讨了气孔率对电导率的影响，给出了不同组分时的电流场分布，计算结果与标准值的比较证明了模型的有效性。     

Abnormal thermal shock behavior in electrical conductivity of Ti2SnC

Some ternary carbide and nitride ceramics have been demonstrated to exhibit abnormal thermal shock behavior in mechanical properties. However, the influence of thermal shock on other properties is not clear. This work reports on the influence of thermal shock on electrical conductivity of Ti_2SnC as a representative member of ternary carbides. Abnormal change in electrical conductivity was first demonstrated during quenching Ti_2 SnC in water at 500-800 ℃. The residual electrical conductivity of the quenched Ti_2SnC gradually decreased with increasing temperature, but abnormally increased after quenching at 600 ℃. The microstructure of surface cracks was characterized. The main mechanism for the abnormal electrical conductivity recovery is that some narrow branching cracks are filled by metallic Sn precipitating from Ti_2SnC.     

金属Au纳米膜的电子输运及非线性效应

使用Matlab软件对N方势垒在偏压下电流随电压的变化关系进行了模拟计算,计算结果表明N方势垒的伏安特性（I-V）曲线上显现出非线性效应和震荡效应。利用溅射方法将Au颗粒沉积在经过电化学腐蚀处理的硅基片上,得到具有纳米结构的Au膜。采用SEM对基片表面上的金膜进行观察,发现了纳米颗粒的聚集体,样品的I-V曲线测试结果表明：常温下,测得电流在0至1.5×10^-6A范围内,样品电阻率呈非线性电阻效应和振荡效应;N方势垒模型的模拟计算结果与实验测量结果很好的吻合。     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of 10% Yb-doped SrCeO3 ceramics

As a candidate material for hydrogen separation, Yb-doped SrCeO₃ has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. In the present study, Yb-doped SrCe_0.9Yb_0.1O_3-α ceramics were prepared by the dry pressing and sintering approach, with the microstructure evolution and the micro morphology investigated. It was indicated that the ceramics sintered in air were of a pure perovskite structure, and that the sintering temperature had a significant effect on the growth of ceramic grains. The average grain size increased from 1 ​μm to 10 ​μm with an increase in sintering temperature from 1300 to 1500 ​°C. Further investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of grain growth revealed that the grain boundary diffusion was the main driving force of grain growth during solid phase sintering, with a grain growth index of 4 and an activation energy of approximately 61.23 ​kJ ​mol⁻¹. These results illustrate an obvious tendency of grain size growth. By electrochemical workstation with different atmospheres the effects of sintering temperature on the conductivity were characterized in the temperature range of 700–900 ​°C. The electrical conductivities σ of SrCe_0.9Yb_0.1O_3-α ceramics in different atmospheres were as follows: σ(wet hydrogen) ​> ​σ(dry hydrogen) ​> ​σ(dry air) ​> ​σ(wet air). In the test atmosphere containing water and hydrogen the conductivity of protons increased with increasing temperature because of the protons jump between lattices in the form of interstitial hydrogen ions or bare protons.     

聚苯硫醚的合成、掺杂及其导电性

以对二氯苯和硫化钠为原料、苯甲酸钠为催化剂,加压缩聚合成了分子量较高的线型聚苯硫醚(PPS)。加入1,2,4-三氯化苯可获得支化PPS。用SbCl_5(溶于CH_3NO_2)掺杂PPS,可使其导电率从10~(-16) S/cm增加到10~(-2) S/cm。溶剂CH_3 NO_2能显著加快掺杂速率并改善最终掺杂材料的导电性。探讨了掺杂过程溶剂的作用机理。考察了掺杂时间、温度、聚苯硫醚结晶性对掺杂后材料导电性的影响。     

A finite difference approach to the diffusion equation in electrical conductivity tomography

In the study of electrical conductivity tomography using low frequency electromagnetic waves, the equation that describes the EM field is a diffusion equation. In this paper, a stable finite difference method called Peaceman-Rachford scheme is used to solve the diffusion equation. The solution is derived in detail and a computer simulation is given. The calculated EM data are shown in waveforms. The simulation result shows that this method is simple and accurate. The EM data in time domain can be transformed to a wave field in time-like domain by an integral transformation and the traveltime data can be calculated. Compared with the theoretical value, the first travel time data obtained through transformation have a normalized mean square error of 5 percent, which proves the method to be accurate. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Cai Qin: born in Nov. 1973, graduate student     

膨润土矿物固体电解质的制备及导电性能研究

以膨润土为原料,经硫酸处理后得到层状结构明显的矿物材料,通过制浆干燥的方法向层间有效插入Na+,制备了在室温下具有较高离子电导率的固体电解质.考察了矿物材料的微观结构、Na+含量及含水量对矿物材料电导率的影响,并用扫描电镜、能谱、红外光谱和X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,此法制备的膨润土矿物电解质材料在常温下离子电导率最高可达到7.81×10-4 S·cm-1,比传统的高温固相法提高了2倍.