退火温度对用PⅢ方法制备共掺杂p型ZnO薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用射频磁控共溅射的方法制备出ZnO:Al薄膜,以NO和O2为源气体(V(O2)/V(O2+NO)=75%),采用等离子体浸没离子注入(PⅢ)方法对薄膜进行注入得到ZnO:Al:N薄膜,注入剂量为2.23×1015 cm-2,并在N2氛围下对样品进行了不同温度的退火处理.通过XRD图谱、霍尔效应(Hall)测试结果、紫外-可见光透射光谱等对样品的结构和性能进行了分析,着重研究了退火温度对ZnO:Al:N薄膜性质的影响.结果表明,退火可以使注人产生的ZnO(N2)3团簇分解,并且使N以替位O的方式存在.当退火温度达到850℃时,ZnO薄膜实现了p型反转,实现p型反转的ZnO:AliN薄膜载流子浓度可达3.68×1012cm-3,电阻率为11.2 Ω·cm,霍耳迁移率为31.4 cm2·V-1·s-1.     

纳米结构V2O5薄膜的溶胶凝胶制备与特性研究

采用溶胶 -凝胶技术 ,以V2 O5粉末为原材料制备了纳米结构的V2 O5薄膜 .使用椭偏仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外分光光度计 (FTIR)、电化学分析、原子力显微镜 (AFM)等方法研究了V2 O5薄膜的特性 .实验结果表明 :薄膜具有纳米多孔结构 ;热处理使得薄膜致密 ,折射率提高 ,薄膜结晶 .红外吸收测量揭示了刚制备的薄膜中钒以 4价离子为主 ,高温热处理后形成 5价钒离子 ,相应出现了V2 O5特征吸收峰 .这种结构的薄膜具有很好的锂离子注入 /退出可逆性和很高的离子注入容量 ,可用作锂离子电池的高性能阴极材料 .     

阴极共沉积Ni(OH)2薄膜在碱溶液中的电化学特性

采用阴极电沉积法在镍基底上制备Ni(OH) 2 薄膜 ,循环伏安法在 1 0mol·dm-3 KOH溶液中测量了薄膜电极的催化析氧特性 .沉积Ni(OH) 2 的薄膜电极比镍基底增加了 2 0mA·cm-2 的析氧电流 (1 0VvsHg/HgO电极 ) .在制膜过程中掺杂 7?(V/V)得到的复合氢氧化镍薄膜电极在碱溶液中的析氧电流又增加了约 2 0mA·cm-2 .分光光度法和薄层扫描分析法对薄膜进行了成分分析 .     

TiO2纤维薄膜的制备及其光电催化性能的表征

该文采用水热法一步制备TiO2纤维薄膜电极,并在可见光下利用制备的该TiO2纤维电极对甲基橙溶液(MO)进行光电降解实验研究,对制备的薄膜进行XRD、SEM等材料学表征和光电流(I-t)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)等电化学相关表征.实验结果表明,TiO2纤维薄膜能够在碱性水热环境下形成于钛片表面,并在模拟太阳光和可见光条件下均具有很好的光电效应.在外加+0.5 V电压并在模拟太阳光或可见光照射时能够分别在30min和60min内达到对MO溶液100％和86％的降解效果.     

TiO2-x(V2O5)纳米复合薄膜的光吸收

采用溶胶 -凝胶技术 ,以Ti(C4H9O) 4 和V2 O5粉末为原材料制备了纳米结构的TiO2 -x(V2 O5) (x为V2 O5的质量分数 ,分别为 10 % ,2 0 % ,30 % ,10 0 % )复合薄膜 .采用原子力显微镜观察薄膜的表面形貌 ;使用UV VIS NIR分光光度计测量了复合薄膜在紫外 -可见光波段的透射率和反射率光谱 ,研究其光吸收特性 .实验结果表明 :复合薄膜具有纳米颗粒结构 ;随着V2 O5用量的增加 ,复合薄膜在紫外光区的吸收逐渐增加 ,(αhv) 1/ 2 与hv存在线性关系 ,光学带隙由纯TiO2 的 3.36eV减小为x =30 %时的 2 .83eV ,光学带隙与x满足Eg(x) =Eg(0 ) [Eg(1)-Eg(0 ) -b]x bx2 关系式 ;复合薄膜光吸收边缘红移起因于V2 O5复合后薄膜中定域态宽度的增加 .     

Cr离子注入TiO2薄膜光催化性能改进及光谱研究

在TiO2薄膜表面注入Cr离子以提高TiO2薄膜在可见光条件下的光催化能力,通过对薄膜紫外可见光谱的测试,表明注入并退火处理后的TiO2薄膜光学带隙减小.以甲基橙为降解物的光催化试验表明,Cr离子注量Φ为1×1016cm-2时,薄膜在可见光下的光催化能力最佳.     

3d过渡金属离子注入锐钛矿TiO_2第一性原理研究

用金属离子注入方法在锐钛矿TiO2薄膜中掺杂3d过渡金属(V,Cr和Fe)离子,采用全势线性缀加平面波(FP-LAPW)方法计算3d过渡金属离子掺杂后锐钛矿TiO2的电子结构,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱测试方法检测3d过渡金属离子注入对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱的影响.实验结果和理论计算表明,离子注入后,锐钛矿TiO2薄膜带隙宽度变小,V,Cr和Fe离子的3d态在紫外-可见吸收光谱的红移中起关键作用.     

离子注入制备锐钛矿型Fe:TiO2薄膜紫外光、可见光和自然光催化效果研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Ti O2薄膜,然后用金属蒸汽真空弧(metal vapour vacuumarc,MEVVA)离子注入机注入从6×1015~6×1016cm24种注量的Fe离子,制备复合纳米Fe:Ti O2薄膜.用UV-Vis透射光谱和XRD对催化剂进行了表征.对薄膜在紫外光、可见光和自然光下降解甲基橙的光催化脱色效果进行了研究.     

Dawson型多金属氧酸盐-双氢氧化物超薄膜的合成

通过层接层方法制备了基于剥离的锌钛双氢氧化物单层和典型的Dawson型多金属氧酸盐阴离子α-P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)(P_2W_(18))间作用的新型超薄膜.采用UV/DRS、XRD、FT-IR、ICP-AES和SEM方法对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,P_2W_(18)的结构在超薄膜中未发生改变,超薄膜的厚度在纳米范围,表面形貌完整有序均匀.以制备的超薄膜为光催化剂测试了对偶氮类染料刚果红(CR)的可见光催化降解活性.超薄膜表现出比纯Dawson型多金属氧酸盐阴离子高得多的催化活性,主要归因于剥离的锌钛双氢氧化物单层和金属氧酸盐阴离子的强化学作用对其可见光光响应能力的提高.     

TiO_2对V_2O_5离子储存电极薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备出(TiO2)x-V2O5复合离子存储电极薄膜,主要研究了有机、无机Ti源,TiO2掺杂量(x为0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3mol)等对V2O5薄膜结构与性能的影响。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、循环伏安测试(CV)、紫外-可见光谱等手段研究了薄膜的表面形貌、电化学性能和光学性能。结果表明,TiO2掺杂降低了V2O5薄膜离子储存容量,采用无机Ti源四氯化钛较有机Ti源钛酸丁酯掺杂的复合薄膜具有更高的可见光透过率以及离子储存容量,与V2O5薄膜相比,透射率增大了20%。随着无机Ti源掺量增多,薄膜离子储存容量降低,但在循环过程中降低趋势减缓并逐渐保持稳定,50次循环后纯V2O5薄膜储存容量降低了25%,掺杂TiO2后平均降低16%,V2O5薄膜循环稳定性有所提高。TiO2掺杂显著降低了V2O5阴极的着色效应,随着TiO2掺量的增加,复合薄膜光透过性增强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that