磷胁迫对澳洲坚果幼苗叶片光合作用的影响

以2a生澳洲坚果幼苗为试验材料，研究不同磷水平下澳洲坚果叶片的光合特性．结果表明：在磷胁迫条件下，澳洲坚果叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值均显著下降；净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率降低，而胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率升高．     

NaCl胁迫对酸枣(Ziziphus acidojujuba)幼苗光合作用和荧光特性的影响

为了探讨NaCl胁迫对酸枣幼苗光合生理特性的影响,本研究以水培的酸枣幼苗为试材,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)处理对酸枣幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,随着NaCl胁迫天数和浓度的加大,酸枣幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)均降低,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)先降低后升高,各指标变化幅度由大到小对应的浓度分别是200 mmol/L150 mmol/L100mmol/L50 mmol/L。NaCl胁迫导致酸枣幼苗光合作用下降的原因是导气孔限制转变成非气孔限制,同时PSⅡ反应中心光合机构受损,引起其光能原初捕捉能力和光合电子传递速率下降,最终导致酸枣幼苗光合作用能力的减弱。     

耐低钾玉米自交系苗期超氧阴离子、过氧化氢及保护酶的特征

以耐低钾与不耐低钾的玉米自交系为材料,通过低钾和正常供钾的砂培试验,研究耐低钾玉米苗期保护酶活性及活性氧的特征。结果表明,耐低钾与不耐低钾自交系玉米的O2-产生速率、H2O2含量、SOD和POD活性在正常供钾条件下没有差异。低钾胁迫条件下,在幼苗生长后期耐低钾自交系的O2-产生速率明显提高,POD活性有所增加;不耐自交系O2-的产生速率降低,POD活性明显增加。     

耐低钾玉米自交系苗期超氧阴离子、过氧化氢及保护酶的特征

以耐低钾与不耐低钾的玉米自交系为材料,通过低钾和正常供钾的砂培试验,研究耐低钾玉米苗期保护酶活性及活性氧的特征。结果表明,耐低钾与不耐低钾自交系玉米的O2^-产生速率、H2O2含量、SOD和POD活性在正常供钾条件下没有差异。低钾胁迫条件下,在幼苗生长后期耐低钾白交系的O2^-产生速率明显提高,POD活性有所增加;不耐自交系O2^-的产生速率降低,POD活性明显增加。     

低温胁迫下嫁接对西瓜光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数影响的研究

研究了低温胁迫下自根及二种嫁接幼苗叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,耐冷性强的黑籽南瓜/小兰嫁接植株叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度降幅最小,耐冷性弱的自根苗降幅最高,耐冷性较强的超丰F1/小兰表现中等;自根及二种嫁接苗叶片Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ值均降低,说明PSII原初光能转换效率受到抑制及光合机构遭到破坏;耐冷性弱的自根西瓜幼苗受抑制和破坏程度显著高于耐冷性强的嫁接苗黑籽南瓜/小兰和超丰F1/小兰;自根苗光化学猝灭系数和非光化学猝灭系数降幅高于二种嫁接苗。以上说明低温下耐冷性强的嫁接苗抵御低温对光合机构伤害的能力及碳同化能力高于自根苗。     

不同基因型玉米自交系在低磷胁迫下的生理生化特性比较初探

以珍珠岩作基质固体培养六种不同基因型玉米自交系材料，设置025mol／L KH2PO4全磷（对照）、10μmol／L KH2PO4（低磷）、1μmol／L KH2PO4（极低磷）三种处理，于四叶一心时测定叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性以及MDA含量的变化．各自交系在低磷和极低磷胁迫时，叶绿素含量都升高．缺磷时不同自交系的根和叶的SOD及POD的变化趋势不一致：自交系04099和04417叶片和根系的SOD和POD活性与对照相比均增加；04065叶片和根系的SOD活性比对照升高，但是POD活性比对照降低；04419在两个缺磷水平处理下叶片和根系的SOD活性较对照下降，叶片的POD活性较对照上升，但根系的下降；04242经两个缺磷水平处理后叶片和根系的SOD活性下降，叶片POD活性在低磷处理下上升，极低磷时下降，根系POD活性降低；04088SOD活性变化与04242相同，但是低磷和极低磷下的叶片POD活性比对照增加，根系POD活性在低磷条件下降低，极低磷下上升，玉米的膜脂过氧化程度在缺磷处理时发生改变，低磷和极低磷处理时所有自交系的叶片和根系MDA含量也发生不了同程度的变化，综合分析，初步判断自交系04099和04065是耐低磷胁迫能力较高的材料，有进一步研究的价值。     

低磷胁迫对不同油茶无性系幼苗生长及养分利用效率的影响

选择砂培处理的油茶无性系幼苗为对象,采用裂区设计,以0、0.05、0.5 mmol/L 3种磷处理水平(P₀、P₁、P₂)模拟低磷胁迫,研究低磷胁迫对5个油茶优良无性系生长及氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率的影响差异。结果表明:不同油茶无性系间耐低磷胁迫差异显著; 随低磷胁迫的加剧,各无性系的生物量和氮、磷吸收量减少,而利用率增加。无磷和低磷时湘林67和湘林69两个无性系的生物量和磷吸收量、利用效率均较高,叶片氮磷比(N/P)和叶片Δ(N/P)均较低,表明这两个无性系具有较好的体内磷养分循环利用机制,具备良好的耐低磷胁迫能力。     

水分胁迫下非气孔因素对葡萄叶片光合作用的影响

水分胁迫使葡萄叶片Chl、Car含量下降,Pn、Gs下降,Ci先降后升,SOD、POD、CAT活性先升后降,O2-.、H2O2含量增高;水分胁迫下葡萄幼苗叶片的Pn与其Chl、O2-.、H2O2、Gs间均呈显著相关。表明水分胁迫对葡萄光合速率的影响除受气孔因素限制之外,在胁迫后期由活性氧代谢失调所诱导的非气孔因素成为限制光合速率的主导因子。     

低磷胁迫对植物光合和呼吸作用的影响

低磷胁迫使植物光合速率下降，光化学效率降低，呼吸作用下降，并诱导出糖降解的多条旁路。本文就低磷胁迫下植物光合作用和呼吸作用所受的影响及其生理生化机理进行了综述。     

高温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理生化及光合作用的影响

高温胁迫条件下研究了高温胁迫时间对黄瓜幼苗生理生化和光合作用的影响.结果表明:随着高温胁迫处理时间的增加,黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而胞间CO2浓度和幼苗叶片中丙二醛的含量呈现先升高后缓慢下降的趋势,说明高温下光合作用的下降非气孔因素引起,黄瓜幼苗在高温胁迫下,细胞膜的结构受到...     

玉米自交系在缺磷胁迫下的5种抗氧化酶活性变化的研究

以珍珠岩作基质固体培养4种不同基因型玉米自交系材料，设置：0．25mol／LKH2PO4全磷（对照）、0mol／LKH2PO4（缺磷）2种处理，于第5，7，9，11d考察超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性的变化．缺磷时不同自交系相同抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势不一致．相同自交系的不同抗氧化酶在缺磷胁迫下的变化趋势也有差异．结论：不能仅用1种膜保护酶在胁迫时活性的高低来判断材料是耐缺磷胁迫型还是缺磷敏感型．应综合考虑这5种保护酶活性．     

磷对水生植物菱及睡莲叶生理活性的影响

研究了不同磷营养水平对睡莲（Nymphaea tetragona Georgi.）和菱（Trapa bispinosa Roxb.）叶生理活性的影响。结果表明：随磷营养水平的升高，叶内的无机磷含量升高，叶绿素含量基本呈下降趋势，Chla/Chlb升高；对多肽组分无明显影响；光合速率、呼吸速率、菱叶的ATP含量、睡莲叶的有机磷含量和PSⅡ电子传递活性都呈现钟罩形的变化趋势，在最适磷浓度时达到最高，低或高的磷水平下都有所降低。在本实验条件下菱的最适磷浓度为0．1mmol/L，睡莲的最适磷浓度为0．5mmol/L。光呼吸速率在低磷营养水平下较高，表明低磷促进光呼吸。淀粉含量的变化趋势在两种植物中不同，在菱叶中呈先升高后降低趋势，在睡莲中则呈先降低后升高趋势。     

Comparative proteomic analysis of the response in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines to infection by Curvularia lunata

Proteins differentially expressed from maize leaves in response to the infection by Curvularia lunata strain CX-3 were identified through a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method. Two inbred lines, 78599-1 and E28, were used, respectively, as resistant and susceptible lines to CX-3 infection. Proteins were extracted from the fourth leaves of six- or seven-leaf stage plants sampled at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after inoculation with CX-3. Twenty-seven differentially expressed protein spots resolved on the 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. The results showed that these proteins are associated with photosynthesis, respiration,oxidative and drought stress tolerance as well as signal transduction in maize. Among stress-related proteins, the 22 kDa drought-inducible protein, putative glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) were up-regulated in the resistant inbred line and were implicated in host defense response to C. lunata infection. It suggests that drought-inducible and oxidation stress-related proteins might directly contribute to maize resistance to C. lunata.     

Maize transformation via pollen tube pathway and the inheritance of transgene in progeny

The herbicide-resistant gene als was introduced into maize inbred line Qi319 through pollen-tube pathway. The inheritance of transgene was studied up to 33 generation. Transformation was performed by applying plasmid DNA carrying solution on the severed styles after self-pollination, or just prior to selfpoll/nation. After herbicide screening, PCR and Southern blot analysis, seventeen plants were confirmed positive in TO generation, and sixteen of them were self-bred to construct family to 33 progeny. Through PCR analysis and herbicide screening in offspring, four lines were confirmed following a 3 : 1 Mendelian segregation ratio. In other lines the numbers of positive plants were lower than expected. Therefore, it is necessary to select large population in progeny to produce stable inherited lines when transgene was delivered by pollen tube method.     

HAK基因对玉米的遗传转化及其耐盐性研究

摘要：用农杆菌介导法将高亲和性钾离子转运体基因（HAK）和Bar基因转入5个优良玉米自交系7922、P138、265、238和271中,并对影响其遗传转化效率因素进行了优化．经PCR和RT-PCR检测证实获得阳性植株．除草剂涂抹实验证明Bar基因已经整合进玉米基因组．用不同浓度的盐溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现转基因植株叶片中的K＋含量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量均高于未转化植株,而Na＋含量低于未转化植株,表明HAK基因已经整合进玉米基因组,并通过过量表达提高了植株的耐盐性．     

抗盐剂浸种对盐抑制玉米幼苗生长的缓解效应

抗盐剂浸种使盐胁迫的玉米幼苗－ＳＨ增加，而相对电导率下降，用抗盐剂处理的叶片Ｎａ＾＋含量下降，而Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｋ＾＋增加，在盐胁迫条件下，抗盐剂处理叶片的气孔导度、蒸腾速率和光合速度者比对照高，抗盐剂处理的幼苗在盐胁迫下比对照有更高的生长速率和更多的干物质积累，从而为在盐碱地上获得更高产量奠定了基础。     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.     

外源甜菜碱对两种玉米耐盐性影响的研究

以玉米沈单和农大108为实验材料,研究了外源甜菜碱对盐分胁迫条件下玉米(Zea may)幼苗水势、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞膜透性、cNa /cK 等的影响.结果表明,外源甜菜碱能够提高玉米幼苗叶片水势、叶绿素含量,降低膜透性、丙二醛含量,参与多种代谢调节,影响作物的耐盐性.另外,外源甜菜碱可以增强根系对Na ,K 的选择吸收能力,促进质膜主动排Na 过程,降低盐胁迫下叶片中Na 含量.