滇西北油麦吊云杉林净第一性生产力的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北油麦吊云杉林的净第一性生产力。林龄大，净第一性生产力也大。林龄约５０年和１５０年林分的净第一性生产力分别为５．０３１５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２·ａ和１３．７５６０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２．ａ；油麦吊云杉净第一性生产力占群落净第一性生产力的９２．０３％和６５．３９％；木材的净第一性生产力为１．３４３１和４．１４１７ｔ／ｈｍ￣２·ａ，仅占群落净第一性生产力的２６．６９％和３０．１０％。     

滇西北高山松林生物量的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北高山松林的生物量。林龄大生物量减小。林龄约４０年和１００年的林分，生物量分别为２９４．３０６ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和２３１．４９５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２；在各器官中，树干生物量（１４３．５３２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０２．１２０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）最大，占群落总生物量的４８．９０％和４４．２４％；乔木一层（亦即高山松）的生物量２５４．２８３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１７１．４０８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，占群落总生物量的８６．４１％和７４．０４％；与林龄约４０年的林分相比较，林龄约１００年的高山松林中，高山松生物量所占比例减小而黄背栎等树种的生物量增大。     

滇西北高山松林净第一性生产力的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北高山松林的净第一性生产力。林龄大净第一性生产力小。林龄约４０年的林分，净第一性生产力１２．１９２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２·ａ，林龄约１００年者为１０．０１３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２·ａ；高山松净第一性生产力为９．８４９和５．６２１ｔ／ｈｍ￣２·ａ，占群落净第一性生产力的８０．８４９％和５６．１４％；随着林龄增加，高山松的净策一性生产力及其在群落中所占的比例也逐渐减少，而其它树种的有所增加；在各器官中，叶的净第一性生产力最高，占３４％～３７％，其次为树干木材，占２１．６２％～２７．４４％。     

云南中甸长苞冷杉群落的生物量和净生产量研究

本文研究了云南中甸县吉迪村长苞冷杉群落的生物量和净生产量。结果为：长苞冷杉群落的生物量为３５１．６２３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，其中乔木层占９７．８７％，灌木层占０．１４％，草本层占０．１７％，苔藓层占０．６７％，凋落物占１．１５％。群落的净生产量为１２３０．６ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，其中乔木层占９４．６２％，灌木层占０．７０％，草本层占１．６３％，苔藓层占３．０５％，优势种长苞冷杉的生物量和净生产量分别为３３４．７７７ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０９７．８ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，分别占群落总量的９５．２１％和８９．２１％。其它乔木材种的生物量和净生产量分别为９．３６４ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和６６．６ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，分别占群落总量的２．６６％和５．４１％。     

元江栲群落的生物量研究

本文研究了滇中半湿润常绿阔叶林元江栲群落的生物量。群落的总生物量为２６９．７２９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，其中树干占５４．６９％，枝占１６．６８％，叶占２．９２％，根占２２．４０％，凋落物占３．３１％。群落的活生物量为２６０．８１１／ｈｍ￣２，其中优势种元江栲占６５．４３％，其它栎类占１８．１０％，其它常绿树占９．３２％，落叶树占６．７５％，灌木种占０．２１％，草本植物占０．０２％。     

黄毛青冈群落的生物量研究

黄毛青冈群落是滇中半湿润常绿阔叶林的另一个群落类型。群落的总生物量为１３５，９０９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，其中树干占４８．３６％，枝占１５．４４％，叶占４．５１％，根占２７．７６％，凋落量占３．９３％群落的活生物童为１３０．５６９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，优势种黄毛青冈占５３．９５％，其它栎类占１６．５８％，其它常绿阔叶树占１８２８％，落叶树占７，１５％，灌木占３．８８％，草本植物占０．１６％。     

滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落生物量研究

研究了山西滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落的结构和生物量,结果表明狭叶香蒲群落的总生物量为７０７６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为２５８９．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为４４８６．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。建群种狭叶香蒲的生物量为５５１３．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为１７２５．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为３８０５．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,占群落总生物量的７７．９２％。优势种披针苔草和狼     

福建柏人工林生态系统生产力的研究

以双重抽样法和“相对变比生长”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂｅ＾ｃｘ）、“树形管道”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂＬ＾ｃ）测定４个福建柏人工林的生物量。结果表明：２４年生福建柏人工林密林分（Ⅱ类立地，２７００株／ｈｍ＾２）和２６年生稀林分（Ｉ类立地，１２１６株／ｈｍ＾２）的生物量，前者为１７８．２４０ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％），后者为１５５．２０４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％）；前者年平均净生产量为７．６２８     

广西林朵林场杉木大径材林分的生物生产力

结果表明：２６龄杉木纯林群落生物量平均为１８３．８９ｔ／ｈｍ２，其组成层次的生物量分配序列（％）为乔木层（９３．６０）＞枯枝落叶层（６．１４）＞灌草层（０．２６）。乔木层年平均净生产量为６．６２ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ，低于中心产区；平均木单株年平均净生产量１０．９３ｋｇ／ａ，高于中心产区，揭示现有林分密度偏小。２６年生林分平均树高和平均胸径分别为２０．７ｍ和２４．０ｃｍ，其干材生物量平均达６１．５％，适宜培育杉木大径材。     

厦门东屿白骨壤群落生物量和能量

讨论了厦门岛西海域海沧镇东屿的白骨壤群落的生物量和热值、群落各组分的能量分布状况。结果表明：该群落为单种组成的群落，其生物量现存量为４３４６．０９ｇ／ｍ￣２，各组分分配比是：侧根最多，占３６．０２％；多年生枝次之，占２１．４６％；幼枝较少，为０．３３％；幼苗根最少，仅占０．１１％。群落各组分干重热值相差较大，其中叶最高１８．２７ｋＪ／ｇ；主根居次，为１７．８５ｋＪ／ｇ。幼枝较低，１６．１１ｋＪ／ｇ；幼苗根最低为１３．９０ｋＪ／ｇ．群落的能量现存量为７０５５３ｋＪ／ｍ￣２，其中地上部占４７．５４％，地下部占５２．４６％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to