共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
瓦氏黄颡鱼精巢发育及精子生物学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨家云 《西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,30(4):719-724
瓦氏黄颡鱼精巢呈栉状分支,每一分支内部结构为叶型,精巢小叶由许多壶腹状的精小囊组成,精巢发育分为精原细胞增殖期、精母细胞生长期、精母细胞成熟期、精子细胞变态期、精子成熟期和精子退化吸收期,精子的发生和形成经历了精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞到成熟精子的一系列过程,精巢后1/3的精巢尾区由上皮细胞构成,既无生精功能也无贮精作用,成熟精子在0.45%~0.55%盐溶液和pH7.5的弱碱性的自然河水环境中保持的活性最好,并具有相当长的寿命。 相似文献
2.
孔雀鱼精子发生的显微与超微结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对卵胎生硬骨鱼孔雀鱼精子的发生进行了显微与超微结构研究.成鱼精巢呈肾形,腹面有输精管伸出,内部构造为小管型.孔雀鱼精子发生经过精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精子细胞及变态精子阶段;初级精母细胞和精子细胞高尔基体和囊泡丰富;从精母细胞到精子细胞有细胞质不完全分裂现象;成熟精子头部较长,袖套部分长度是头部的2倍,直径与精子头部相同,线粒体多.鞭毛有侧鳍,其轴丝为典型的“9+2”结构. 相似文献
3.
Pellino蛋白是近年来新发现的一类E3泛素连接酶,通过靶蛋白泛素化介导蛋白降解、蛋白与蛋白的相互作用、蛋白质细胞定位以及信号传导.目前研究表明Pellino蛋白在固有免疫细胞和获得性免疫细胞中具有重要调控作用,与炎症和自身免疫密切相关.本文总结了近年来Pellino蛋白的表达与活性调控、介导的信号转导途径以及在免疫... 相似文献
4.
目的检测黄脸油葫芦雄性个体精子发生过程中类c-Myc蛋白的表达。方法利用免疫组织化学的方法,对精子发生中类c-Myc表达进行定位。结果发现类c-Myc蛋白在精母细胞上为弱表达,精子细胞上有较高水平的表达,精原细胞及精子上没有表达。结论类c-Myc蛋白作为转录调节因子对于维持黄脸油葫芦精子的成熟过程起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
5.
应用免疫组织化学方法研究了产后1日龄、10日龄、25日龄、45日龄及60日龄(成体)5个发育阶段的棕色田鼠(Microtus mandarinus)睾丸和附睾中雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的表达.结果表明:1日龄,睾丸生殖母细胞有E2阳性表达.10日龄,生殖母细胞E2表达减弱(P<0.05).25日龄,E2表达主要见于精子细胞.45日龄,精母细胞和精子细胞中有E2表达.60日龄,精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞及精子中均有E2表达,精母细胞和精子细胞表达较强,精原细胞表达较弱.在胚后发育过程中,1日龄和10日龄间质区细胞的E2表达最强,25日龄和45日龄E2表达减弱,60日龄E2表达最弱(P<0.05).1日龄至60日龄附睾上皮细胞和连接组织均有E2表达,60日龄附睾管内有大量精子,且有明显的E2表达.这些结果说明,棕色田鼠从出生到性成熟过程中,生殖细胞和间质细胞有E2生成.在精子发生的各阶段,雌激素通过其受体可能对生精细胞的分化和增殖有直接调控作用,对间质细胞的发育也存在着调节作用.同时,附睾的发育和精子的成熟也受到雌激素的调节. 相似文献
6.
用透射电镜研究了赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus妇精子发生和精子形成过程。结果表明,赤点石斑鱼精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞阶段。精子细胞再经过精子形成过程成为精子。在初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞阶段,细胞核释放出拟染色体。拟染色体分布于精原细胞和前期Ⅰ的初级精母细胞的细胞质中。初级精母细胞减数分裂早期同源染色体配对明显可见,并形成联会复合体。精子细胞之间存在细胞联系(桥粒)。赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的特点是细胞核圆形,核内染色质致密,没有核泡(核空隙)。精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的“9+2”轴丝结构。 相似文献
7.
动物实验研究表明AF-2364是一种很有潜力的男性避孕药候选化合物.这一化合物通过干扰精子细胞与支持细胞间的黏附功能,可逆地诱导精母细胞以及精细胞从生精上皮丢失,但不影响精原细胞,从而导致给药大鼠不育.一旦药物代谢完成,精原细胞可重新开始精子发生,动物即可恢复生育能力.AF-2364能引起细胞骨架肌动蛋白的聚集和解聚,导致支持细胞与精子细胞间黏附功能降低,最后使未成熟精母细胞和精子细胞从生精上皮丢失.其机制可能是先激活整联蛋白/层粘连蛋白复合体及睾丸素,然后激活下游RhoB/ROCK/LIM激酶/肌动蛋白素或FAK/PI3激酶/p130Cas/MAP激酶通路.此外,AF-2364是一种较强的囊性纤维跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)抑制剂,具有显著的抗生育作用,其作用可能是通过干扰CFTR通道活性,影响生殖道的体液微环境,从而影响精母细胞发育,精子细胞在附睾内成熟以及精子获能和顶体反应.探索AF-2364在男性生殖系统中作用的分子机制,对开发新一代男性避孕药具有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
小鼠睾丸发育全过程的组织学观察 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为系统观察小鼠睾丸组织发育过程,将生后1~57d处于不同发育时期的17组昆明种正常小鼠睾丸组织制备石蜡切片、进行H.E染色分析。结果表明:小鼠生后初期睾丸曲细精管中只有支持细胞和原始生精细胞;至生后8d时出现B型精原细胞;15d时出现初级精母细胞;23d时出现次级精母细胞及少量圆形精子细胞,此后圆形精子细胞逐渐增多;30d时圆形精子细胞发生变态;36d时大量精子开始稳定出现于曲细精管管腔中,并延续至此后各期。这意味着小鼠生精细胞在出生后经过一个相对连续的发育分化过程,至生后约36d发育成熟。这为细化小鼠睾丸组织发育和精子发生过程提供了详细资料。 相似文献
9.
合浦珠母贝精子发生过程的超微结构观察 总被引:32,自引:1,他引:32
报道了透射电镜下合浦珠母贝精子发生过程超微结构的观察结果。描述了精子发生过程中线粒体,中心体(鞭毛),顶体泡和细胞核的演变过程。精子细胞核内染色质以颗粒状形式凝集,精子核呈圆桶状,圆形的顶体泡迁移到顶体部位后变形成为圆锥形顶体。合浦珠母贝精子经过精度原细胞,精母细胞和精子细胞,最终发育成为成为成熟的精子,成熟的精子由头部(长约2μm),中段(长约0.68μm,宽约1.6μm)和尾部(长约50-60 相似文献
10.
对性成熟卵胎生鱼类剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)的精巢进行了显微和超微结构的观察.结果显示,剑尾鱼具一对索状精巢,其内部呈小管型.精巢内每一精小囊的生殖细胞发育同步,从精子发生到成熟精子的形成,精小囊逐渐由小管盲端向中央腔方向移动,在迁移过程中逐渐发育.剑尾鱼的精子发生经过精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精细胞及变态精子、成熟精子等阶段.剑尾鱼成熟精子分为头部、中段、尾部3个部分. 相似文献
11.
尼罗罗非鱼精子发生的超微结构研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
方展强 《华南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(1):1-74
对尼罗罗非鱼精子发生的超微结构进行描述.罗非鱼精子发生的类型属于A型,其发生顺序经历早期精细胞期;轴丝发生;细胞核凝缩和旋转;线粒体的迁移等过程.本文并讨论硬骨鱼类精巢结构和精子发生的有关问题. 相似文献
12.
对鳜精巢的组织学结构和超微结构进行观察.鳜精巢呈叶型结构,由精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞、成熟精子等生殖细胞和支持细胞、间质细胞、边界细胞、类肌细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞等非生殖细胞组成.鳜精子形成过程,精细胞大致经历了鞭毛发生,核质凝缩及核位置的改变,线粒体迁移等过程.鳜成熟精子无顶体结构,头短而圆,主要为核占据,核凹窝发达,尾细长,具侧鳍,尾部轴丝为“9 2”结构. 相似文献
13.
A ubiquitin ligase transfers preformed polyubiquitin chains from a conjugating enzyme to a substrate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In eukaryotic cells, many short-lived proteins are conjugated with Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chains and degraded by the proteasome. Ubiquitination requires an activating enzyme (E1), a conjugating enzyme (E2) and a ligase (E3). Most ubiquitin ligases use either a HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C terminus) or a RING (really interesting new gene) domain to catalyse polyubiquitination, but the mechanism of E3 catalysis is poorly defined. Here we dissect this process using mouse Ube2g2 (E2; identical at the amino acid level to human Ube2g2) and human gp78 (E3), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated conjugating system essential for the degradation of misfolded ER proteins. We demonstrate by expressing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli that Ube2g2/gp78-mediated polyubiquitination involves preassembly of Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chains at the catalytic cysteine of Ube2g2. The growth of Ube2g2-anchored ubiquitin chains seems to be mediated by an aminolysis-based transfer reaction between two Ube2g2 molecules that each carries a ubiquitin moiety in its active site. Intriguingly, polyubiquitination of a substrate can be achieved by transferring preassembled ubiquitin chains from Ube2g2 to a lysine residue in a substrate. 相似文献
14.
采用解剖观察、石蜡组织切片及苏木精-曙红染色方法,利用显微镜照相获取图像,研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫到成虫精巢的发育及精子的发生.研究结果表明:2个精巢在预蛹期开始融合,并在蛹期融合成1个;在成虫期,随着精子的排出,精巢体积逐渐减小;斜纹夜蛾雄性生殖细胞发育为有核精子和无核精子,2种精子的发生都经过精原细胞囊期、精母细胞囊期和精细胞囊期;精子的形成主要区别在于有核精子的细胞核有一个变形过程,而无核精子形成过程中不经过细胞核变形,且后期将细胞核丢弃.综上所述,有核精子的主要发育时期为6龄到蛹期,而无核精子的主要发育在蛹期.本研究结果可为进一步研究和控制精子形成以及利用生殖机理防治斜纹夜蛾打下基础. 相似文献
15.
将薄背涡虫(Notoplana humilis)制成石蜡切片,通过光学显微镜观察其生殖细胞的发生过程.结果表明:薄背涡虫的精巢可划分为6个时相,每个时相的生精细胞组合图像不同,精子发生先后经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子;卵子发生先后经历卵黄发生前期的卵母细胞、卵黄发生期的卵母细胞、成熟的卵母细胞以及受精卵.对精子发生过程中各级生精细胞的特征以及卵子发生过程中各级卵细胞的特征进行了描述. 相似文献
16.
The yeast ubiquitin gene: head-to-tail repeats encoding a polyubiquitin precursor protein 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
Ubiquitin, a 76-residue protein, occurs in cells either free or covalently joined to a variety of protein species, from chromosomal histones to cytoplasmic proteins. Conjugation of ubiquitin to proteolytic substrates is essential for the selective degradation of intracellular proteins in higher eukaryotes. We show here that a protein homologous to human ubiquitin exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and that yeast extracts conjugate human ubiquitin to a variety of endogenous proteins in an ATP-dependent reaction. We have isolated the S. cerevisiae ubiquitin gene and found it to contain six consecutive ubiquitin-coding repeats in a found it to contain six consecutive ubiquitin-coding repeats in a head-to-tail arrangement. This apparently unique gene organization suggests that yeast ubiquitin is generated by processing of a precursor protein in which several exact repeats of the ubiquitin amino acid sequence are joined directly via Gly-Met peptide bonds between the last and first residues of mature ubiquitin, respectively. Ubiquitin-coding yeast DNA repeats are restricted to a single genomic locus; although the sequenced repeats differ in up to 27 of 228 bases per repeat, they encode identical amino acid sequences. As this predicted amino acid sequence differs in only 3 of 76 residues from that of ubiquitin in higher eukaryotes, ubiquitin is apparently the most conserved of known proteins. 相似文献
17.
During spermatogenesis in the mammalian testis, stem cells (spermatogonia) differentiate into spermatocytes, which subsequently undergo two consecutive meiotic divisions to give rise to haploid spermatids. These cells are initially round but progressively elongate, condense their nuclei, acquire flagellar and acrosomal structures, and shed a significant amount of their cytoplasm to form spermatozoa (the sperm cells) in a developmental cascade termed spermiogenesis. Defects in these processes will lead to a lack of mature sperm cells (azoospermia), which is a major cause of male infertility in the human population. Here we report that a cell-surface protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C), is critically required for the differentiation of round spermatids into spermatozoa in mice. We found that Jam-C is essential for the polarization of round spermatids, a function that we attribute to its role in the assembly of a cell polarity complex. 相似文献
18.
本文应用透射电镜研究了东方杯叶吸虫精巢和精子的超微结构及精子发生过程,并与体外培养成虫进行比较,提出一种精子结构模式图.精子的形成经历了由精原细胞,初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的发育等过程.精子细胞形成后,胞质突起形成一分化区,并发育成精子鞘,核向鞘中旋转、浓缩和迁移,两根鞭毛轴丝由鞘中基体发出;鞭毛为9+“1”结构.体外培养成虫尚有几种不正常的成熟精子,可作为体外培养的评价指标. 相似文献
19.
Guan K Nayernia K Maier LS Wagner S Dressel R Lee JH Nolte J Wolf F Li M Engel W Hasenfuss G 《Nature》2006,440(7088):1199-1203
Embryonic germ cells as well as germline stem cells from neonatal mouse testis are pluripotent and have differentiation potential similar to embryonic stem cells, suggesting that the germline lineage may retain the ability to generate pluripotent cells. However, until now there has been no evidence for the pluripotency and plasticity of adult spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are responsible for maintaining spermatogenesis throughout life in the male. Here we show the isolation of SSCs from adult mouse testis using genetic selection, with a success rate of 27%. These isolated SSCs respond to culture conditions and acquire embryonic stem cell properties. We name these cells multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs). They are able to spontaneously differentiate into derivatives of the three embryonic germ layers in vitro and generate teratomas in immunodeficient mice. When injected into an early blastocyst, SSCs contribute to the development of various organs and show germline transmission. Thus, the capacity to form multipotent cells persists in adult mouse testis. Establishment of human maGSCs from testicular biopsies may allow individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, these cells may provide new opportunities to study genetic diseases in various cell lineages. 相似文献