Microstructural evolution in the surface of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy by solution treatments

By solution treatments in vacuum and in air,the surface region of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al exhibits different microstructures from the interior region of the alloy.When solution treated in vacuum,the microstructure of the specimen is composed of dominant β phase and a few of α martensite in surface region,with a large amount of α martensite and a little of β phase in interior.When solution treated in air,the specimen is characterized by dominant surficial a phase and interior β phase.In addition,the lattice parameter evolutions of a and β phases were observed in the surface region of the specimens by solution treatment in air.The mechanism for the surface effects is discussed in light of the structural stability and phase evolution in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy with solution treatments.     

Fabrication and characterization of anodic oxide films on a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy

Anodic oxide films of the titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al in ammonium tartrate electrolyte without hydrofluoric acid or fluoride were fabricated. The morphology, components, and microstructure of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the films were thick, uniform, and nontransparent. Such films exhibited sedimentary morphology, with a thickness of about 3 μm, and the pore diameters of the deposits ranged from several hundred nanometers to 1.5 μm. The films were mainly titanium dioxide. Some coke-like deposits, which may contain or be changed by OH, NH, C-C, C-O, and C=O groups, were doped in the films. The films were mainly amorphous with a small amount of anatase and rutile phase.     

置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金组织演变与超塑性能

应用高温拉伸实验研究了氢对Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑变形行为的影响,借助于OM、SEM、TEM和XRD等分析手段,分析了氢对钛合金组织演变的影响. 结果表明:氢可促进合金中β相数量的增加,氢质量分数达到0.2%时合金出现马氏体组织,并随着氢含量的增加而逐渐粗化;适量的氢可以改善钛合金超塑变形行为,如降低流动应力和超塑变形温度、提高应变速率敏感指数m值;Ti-6Al-4V合金加入质量分数0.1%的氢,其峰值流动应力降低53%,变形温度降低约60℃,且由于氢的加入,使得超塑变形后的位错密度减少,说明氢促进了位错的运动.     

连续柱状晶BFe10-1-1合金管材无模拉拔过程中组织演变

在拉拔速度0.6～0.9 mm·s-1、变形温度750～900℃条件下,对具有连续柱状晶组织的BFe10-1-1合金管材进行了无模拉拔成形,研究了变形后的微观组织,探讨了其组织演变规律及机理.在本文工艺参数范围内,晶界平直的连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金管材在无模拉拔成形后微观组织演变为锯齿形晶界的连续柱状晶组织.随拉拔速度和变形温度的增加,锯齿的齿深不断加大.位错易在接近晶界的区域塞积并跃出晶界,导致在晶界处出现滑移台阶,形成锯齿形晶界;在滑移变形的同时,粗大的连续柱状晶开始转动,加剧了锯齿化的程度.高的热激活能和变形储存能未能及时释放是BFe10-1-1合金保持连续柱状晶组织的根本原因.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-8Nb-2Fe-0.2O alloy with high elastic admissible strain for orthopedic implant applications

A Ti-8Nb-2Fe-0.2O(wt.%) alloy with high strength,high elastic admissible strain(δ) and low cost was designed using d-electron theory combined with electron-to-atom ratio(e/a) approach.Interstitial oxygen was introduced to strengthen the matrix of the alloy.The β-solution treated alloy was mainly composed of α " martensite with internal {111}_(α") type Ⅰ nano-twins.The α " martensite with hexagonal-like crystal structure caused by interstitial oxygen showed a high strength of 1.1 GPa but limited ductility.The alloy generated equiaxed fine-grained a phase embedded by β matrix via hot rolling and subsequent annealing in α+β phase field.The obtained alloy indicated a good combination of mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength,Young's modulus,ductility and δ value of 1029 MPa,74 GPa,21% tensile elongation and 1.32%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that interstitial oxygen and martensitic nano-twins can be used to strengthen the soft α" martensite and high elastic admissible strain can be obtained by formation of equiaxed fine-grained α phase embedded by βmatrix in this Ti-8Nb-2Fe-0.2O alloy for orthopedic implant.     

Microstructural evolution and thermal conductivity of diamond/Al composites during thermal cycling

The microstructural evolution and performance of diamond/Al composites during thermal cycling has rarely been investigated. In the present work, the thermal stability of diamond/Al composites during thermal cycling for up to 200 cycles was explored. Specifically, the thermal conductivity(λ) of the composites was measured and scanning electron microscopy of specific areas in the same samples was carried out to achieve quasi-in situ observations. The interface between the(100) plane of diamond and the Al matrix was well bonded with a zigzag morphology and abundant needle-like Al_4C_3 phases. By contrast, the interface between the(111) plane of diamond and the Al matrix showed weak bonding and debonded during thermal cycling. The debonding length increased rapidly over the first 100 thermal cycles and then increased slowly in the following 100 cycles. The λ of the diamond/Al composites decreased abruptly over the initial 20 cycles, increased afterward, and then decreased monotonously once more with increasing number of thermal cycles. Decreases in the λ of the Al matrix and the corresponding stress concentration at the diamond/Al interface caused by thermal mismatch, rather than interfacial debonding, may be the main factors influencing the decrease in λ of the diamond/Al composites, especially in the initial stages of thermal cycling.     

Mg-Zn-Gd合金中二十面体准晶相组织演变分析

通过高频感应熔炼法制备Mg-Zn-Gd合金,利用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS等对不同成分及不同冷却条件下所制合金的微观组织及相组成进行表征。结果表明,在MgzZn(97-z)Gd3(27z57)合金中,其主要组织为二十面体准晶相(I相)、Mg7Zn3及Mg2Zn3,其中Gd元素的含量决定准晶相的生成,且I相中x(Gd)稳定在6.5%~7.5%;随着Mg/Zn比的增大(1/3x(Mg)/x(Zn)1)或者熟化时间的延长,I相形貌由空心多边形演变为具有五次对称性的花瓣状。     

Microstructure and texture evolution of Mg-3Zn-1Al magnesium alloy during large-strain electroplastic rolling

Large-strain deformation by single electroplastic rolling (EPR) was imposed on AZ31 magnesium alloy strips. During EPR at low temperature (150-250℃), numerous twins formed in the alloy. After EPR at a high temperature (350℃), the number of twins reduced and some dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains formed at grain boundaries and twinned regions. The synergic thermal and athermal effects generated by electropulsing, which promoted dislocation motion, induced a few small DRX grains, and ductile bandings were mainly responsible for large-strain deformation during EPR. The inclination angle of the basal pole stemmed from the counterbalance of the inclination direction of the basal pole between the DRX grains and deformed coarse grains.     

熔铸-原位反应喷射沉积成形TiC/Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料微观组织和力学性能

利用熔铸-原位反应喷射沉积成形技术制各了TiC/Ti-5Mo一5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料，测试了复合材料的拉伸性能，讨论了提高熔铸-原位反应TiC/Ti-5Mo一5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料拉伸强度的途径。     

Al2O3颗粒强化Ni3Al合金的机械合金化合成及烧结

利用机械合金化方法合成了Ni3Al金属间化合物和Al2O3混合粉末，并用放电等离子烧结技术，将Ni3Al／Al2O3混合粉末烧结成块状烧结体。研究了烧结体的显微组织和力学性能。X射线检测表明:Ni粉和Al粉在高能球磨机中球磨5h．即可转变为Ni3Al金属间化合物。采用放电等离子烧结技术在1000℃保温3min．就可以烧结成相对密度约为99％的较致密的复合材料烧结体。     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of aging high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

The microstructural evolution of 18Cr18Mn2Mo0.77N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel in aging treatment was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that hexagonal intergranular and cellular Cr₂N with a=0.478 nm and c=0.444 nm and body-centered cubic intermetallic χ phase with a=0.892 nm precipitate gradually in the isothermal aging treatment. The matrix nitrogen depletion due to the intergranular Cr₂N precipitation induces the decay of Vickers hardness, and the formation of cellular Cr₂N and χ phase causes the increase in the values. The impact toughness presents a monotonic decrease and SEM morphologies show the leading brittle intergranular fracture. The tensile strength and elongation deteriorate obviously except for the sample aged for 1 h in yield strength. Stress concentration occurs when the matrix dislocations pile up at the precipitation and matrix interfaces, and the interfacial dislocations may become precursors to the misfit dislocations, which can form small cleavage steps and accelerate the formation of cracks.     

低碳微合金钢回火过程的组织演变规律

采用膨胀实验和差式扫描量热实验,结合SEM、TEM和显微硬度测试,研究了低碳微合金钢700L在回火过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,700L钢回火过程包括5个阶段:渗碳体I的析出(50～200℃)、残余奥氏体的分解(200～300℃)、渗碳体II的析出(250～400℃)、合金碳化物的析出(450～580℃)和Mn的分配(580～650℃)。在2℃/min的升温速率下,钢中渗碳体析出、合金碳化物析出及Mn分配三个阶段存在明显的硬度改变,而且合金碳化物析出阶段试样的体积改变最显著,这可能是影响钢中残余应力演变的重要阶段。     

Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo合金的压缩超塑性

对Ti24Al14Nb3V05Mo合金的超塑压缩变形行为进行了研究·结果表明,该合金的最佳超塑温度为980℃,最佳应变速率范围为(2×10-4～2×10-3)s-1·在超塑变形过程中,条状O相和α2相中发生了动态再结晶和等轴化过程;B2相中发生了动态回复·新形成的硬相等轴晶粒可在软的基体中滑动和转动,造成的应力集中由B2相中的位错运动松弛·     

Effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging

The effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging was studied by using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction analysis of misorientation angle distribution, cumulative misorientation and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density. Experimental results indicate that coarse spindle-shaped grains with the dimension of 200 μm×80 μm separate into fine equiaxed grains of 20 μm in size as a result of newborn low-angle grain boundaries formed during the aging process. More specifically, the dislocation arrays, which are rearranged and formed due to scattered dislocations during earlier quenching, transform into low-angle grain boundaries with aging time. The relative frequency of 3°-5° low-angle grain boundaries increases to over 30%. The GND density, which describes low-angle grain boundaries with the misorientation angle under 3°, tends to decrease during initial aging. The inhomogeneous distribution of GNDs is affected by grain orientation. A decrease in GND density mainly occurs from 1.83×1013 to 4.40×1011 m-2 in grains with 〈111〉 fiber texture. This is consistent with a decrease of unit cumulative misorientation. Precipitation on grain boundaries and the formation of a precipitation free zone (PFZ) are facilitated due to the eroding activity of the Graff etchant. Consequently, low-angle grain boundaries could be readily viewed by optical microscopy due to an increase in their electric potential difference.     

冷却方式和时效时间对Fe-19%Mn合金阻尼性能的影响

通过对比固溶+水冷和固溶+空冷两种工艺处理后Fe-19%Mn合金的时效阻尼,分析了ε马氏体、淬火空位和间隙原子对其阻尼性能的影响。实验表明:水冷试样组织中,虽然ε马氏体含量较高,但较高的空位浓度导致其阻尼性能在时效前和空冷处理时相差不大。在20 min时效时,水冷试样空位的减少使其阻尼性能提高;但随着时效时间的继续延长,其阻尼下降更快。由于间隙原子一直向不全位错处扩散,空冷试样在时效过程中阻尼性能一直下降。     

Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd 合金的微观组织和拉伸性能

针对变形量达86%的锻造Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd(原子分数,%)合金,对其进行热处理获得近层片组织,研究变形合金及其近层片组织的微观组织特征,并进行了室温、700℃和800℃拉伸实验.组织观察发现,近层片组织由层片团、分布于层片团界的β相以及弥散分布于基体的椭圆状Gd析出物组成.层片团的平均尺寸为40μm,层片组织、β相和Gd析出物的体积分数分别为93.73%、5.25%和1.02%.拉伸结果显示,室温下合金试样的平均抗拉强度为865MPa,平均延伸率可达4.17%,700℃时其平均抗拉强度和延伸率分别为643MPa和22%.Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd合金不仅具有与高β相TiAl合金相当的塑性变形能力,且室温塑性也得到显著提高,这主要归因于β相体积分数的下降和Gd化合物对微观组织室温塑性的贡献.     

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金热加工图及其组织演变

采用热模拟试验机对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行等温压缩试验,获得变形温度为750~900℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s 1时的真应力真应变曲线,并运用修正后的试验数据建立真应变为0.7的热加工图。通过显微组织观察,分析合金的变形机理,确定热变形失稳区。研究结果表明:Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金加工温度范围较宽,当加工温度低于800℃且变形速率大于0.1 s 1时易发生绝热剪切,造成流变失稳;随着变形温度升高,功率耗散因子η有增大趋势,合金的流动软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶,显微组织也随之细化、均匀。     

Ti-15-3合金再结晶组织的预测

通过热模拟压缩试验和定量金相法研究了热变形参数对Ti-15-3合金固溶处理过程中再结晶组织的影响规律。随着变形温度的降低、变形程度和变形速率的增大,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,再结晶体积分数增大。采用人工神经网络的方法建立了再结晶晶粒尺寸和再结晶体积分数的预测模型。预测结果与实测结果吻合较好,表明该方法对Ti-15-3合金热变形固溶处理后的再结晶组织具有良好的预测能力。这对于制定其合理的热加工工艺、保证产品质量具有重要意义。