六偏磷酸钠在铝土矿浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试、动电位测试,研究了六偏磷酸钠对一水硬铝石和高岭石2种矿物浮选行为的影响以及其作用机理.结果表明六偏磷酸钠对这2种矿物均有抑制作用,当捕收剂用量增大时,被六偏磷酸钠抑制的一水硬铝石的可浮性逐渐变好,而高岭石则变化不大．其主要原因在于六偏磷酸钠与捕收剂油酸钠在这2种矿物表面存在竞争吸附,而油酸钠在一水硬铝石表面的吸附能力强于在高岭石表面的吸附,使得在一定捕收剂用量下,六偏磷酸钠抑制高岭石的上浮而不抑制一水硬铝石,这为2种矿物的浮选分离提供了依据;此外,六偏磷酸钠对矿物表面的动电位影响较大,增大了矿物之间的静电排斥力,有利于矿泥的分散,增强了浮选分离的选择性．     

变性淀粉在赤铁矿阳离子反浮选脱硅中的抑制性能

以十二胺为捕收剂,木薯原淀粉、取代度为0.026和0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度为0.0065和0.055的磷酸酯淀粉作为抑制剂,考察了赤铁矿与石英的可浮性,重点研究了基团取代度对变性淀粉抑制性能的影响.结果表明:原淀粉、取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.0065的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿有良好的抑制作用,而取代度0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.055的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿的抑制能力较弱;原淀粉和取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉对石英有较强抑制作用,其他3种淀粉对石英抑制能力较弱.可见,低取代度的磷酸酯淀粉,在赤铁矿阳离子反浮选脱硅中可作为较高选择性的抑制剂.Zeta电位测定结果表明,特征基团取代度相对较高的变性淀粉,与赤铁矿和石英作用后,矿物Zeta电位负值较大.变性淀粉的取代度越高,其伸展向溶液中荷负电的基团越多,使阳离子捕收剂通过静电作用吸附于矿物表面,减弱了变性淀粉的抑制能力.     

金红石与石榴石浮选分离及调整剂作用机理

为了实现金红石与主要脉石矿物石榴石在无污染条件下的有效分离,采用浮选方法研究了金红石和石榴石的分离,并采用红外光谱和X光电子能谱分析等手段研究了分离过程中调整剂六偏磷酸钠的作用机理。结果表明,以烷胺双甲基磷酸(ATF1024)为捕收剂,六偏磷酸钠[(NaPO3)6]为调整剂,可以实现金红石与石榴石之间的浮选分离。(NaPO3)6对石榴石的抑制作用存在两种机理:其一,(NaPO3)6与石榴石表面Fe2 发生化学键合导致其牢固吸附而使石榴石表面强烈亲水;其二,(NaPO3)6选择性溶解石榴石表面Ca2 导致石榴石与捕收剂作用的表面活性质点减少。     

Coupled isomorphic substitution and exsolution of pyroxene,rutile, apatite and quartz in supersilicic garnet

Dissolution of pyroxene in garnet at ultrahigh pressures produces supersilicie garnet with the coupled substitutions of Si^Ⅵ M^Ⅵ= A^Ⅵ A^Ⅵ and Si^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ=A^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ,which are enhanced by rising pressure. The supersilicic garnet and exsolution of pyroxene, rutile, apatite and quartz in garnet during decompression were found in natural rocks,pointing to the importance in studying mantle-derived rocks and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism related to plate deep subduction. Ti, P, K and H2O enters garnet via the substitutions of Ti = Si, P^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ = Si^Ⅵ CaⅧ, Si^Ⅵ K^Ⅷ = AI^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ, and [(OH)4]^4- = [SiO4]^4- or [4H]^4 = Si^4 respectively. The possible entering of Eskola pyroxene component M0.5AlSi2O6 in clinopyroxene, together with the common pyroxene component M2Si2O6, into garnet can lead to the presence of the substitution of Si^Ⅵ 0.5□^Ⅷ= A^Ⅵ 0.5M^Ⅷ in garnet structure, which plays a key role in the exsolution of rntile, apatite and quartz in garnet. Two new breakdown reactions are thus proposed on the basis of the new coupled substitution, which can be regarded as a theoretical model for the exsolntion of the 3 minerals in garnet. The real exsolution may be a combination of several breakdown reactions.     

Effect of sodium alginate on reverse flotation of hematite and its mechanism

Given the gradual increase in the chlorite content of hematite ores, pulp properties seriously deteriorate during flotation. The traditional anion reverse flotation of hematite cannot effectively eliminate the effects of chlorite, leading to a significant decrease in the total Fe (TFe) grade of the concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium alginate on the reverse flotation of hematite was systematically investigated. Flotation tests of artificially mixed ores were conducted, and the results showed that sodium alginate can significantly improve the removal rates of quartz and chlorite. The adsorption measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle tests demonstrated that sodium alginate adsorbs on the quartz surface by chelating with calcium ions, thereby weakening the steric hindrance of oleate ions and increasing the adsorption capacity of sodium oleate to ultimately improve the removal rate of quartz. Furthermore, owing to its lower density and fine particle size, chlorite is easily entrained into the foam layer. Sodium alginate dramatically increases the liquid-to-gas ratio of the foam layer by increasing pulp viscosity, thereby increasing the entrainment rate of chlorite and finally improving its removal rate. The core content of this thesis bears significance in improving the Fe grade in the reverse flotation of chlorite-containing hematite.     

Study on the accelerant to the sodium oleate during bauxite flotation

The conventional collector for diasporemineral is oleic acid(OLA),which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation.Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent(sodium oleate,tween-20)were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector,whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity.Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation.It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore,which was raised by more than 12% and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior.It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 stood at 10:1.From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution,at the pH 9,sodium oleate acted with surface of themineral with the acid-soap polymer [HOL·OL-].Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on themineral surface,which lowered zeta potential.As could be seen from surface tension experiments,the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC(critical micelle concentration) value of oleic acid solution,which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents.By the adsorptive capability tests,with the addition of tween-20,the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.     

Photocatalytic effect of nature and modified V-bearing rutile

A natural rutile TiO2, which displays photocatalysis on degrading halohydrocarbon pollutants, was reported. The rutile contains up to 1.22% V2O5 (weight percent). Substitutions of Ti by V, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn, result in lattice distortions and defects. Grinding, heating and quenching modify the surface characteristics of ruffle, and consequently increase its photoactivity. It is found that the heating and quenching treatments enhance visible-light absorption of ruffle, especially at 1000 and 1100℃. Ground rutile is effective to degrade tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. While, heating at 1000℃, and quenching at 1000 and 1100℃ distinctly improve degradation rate of samples. The special properties of the natural rutile have particular capabilities in photocatalytic oxidation, especially in degradation of halohydrocarbons.     

Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied. The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated. Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency. The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used. The concentrate of 58.89wt% Fe, 4.68wt% SiO₂, and 5.28wt% Al₂O₃ with the weight recovery of 38.74% and the metal recovery of 41.13% can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt% Fe, 6.72wt% SiO₂, and 6.80wt% Al₂O₃, when Na₂SiO₃ with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.     

Enhanced inhibition of talc flotation using acidified sodium silicate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the combined inhibitor

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite and talc is challenging due to their similar natural floatability characteristics. Besides, it is usually difficult to effectively inhibit talc by adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) alone during chalcopyrite flotation. Here, a combined inhibitor comprising acidified sodium silicate(ASS) and CMC was employed to realize effective flotation separation of chalcopyrite and talc, and the combined inhibition mechanism was further investigated. Microflota...     

Solution chemistry of carbonate minerals and its effects on the flotation of hematite with sodium oleate

The effects of carbonate minerals (dolomite and siderite) on the flotation of hematite using sodium oleate as a collector were investigated through flotation tests, supplemented by dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of flotation tests show that the presence of siderite or dolomite reduced the recovery of hematite and that the inhibiting effects of dolomite were stronger. Dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, and flotation tests confirmed that both the cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and CO₃2- ions dissolved from dolomite depressed hematite flotation, whereas only the CO₃2- ions dissolved from siderite were responsible for hematite depression. The zeta-potential, FTIR spectroscopic, and XPS analyses indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO₃2- (HCO₃-) could adsorb onto the hematite surface, thereby hindering the adsorption of sodium oleate, which was the main reason for the inhibiting effects of carbonate minerals on hematite flotation.     

Interactive effect of minerals on complex ore flotation: A brief review

Froth flotation is the most effective industrial method used to separate fine-grained minerals. The main problem of complex ore flotation is the negative effect of interactions among minerals in slurry, leading to variation in surface properties during separation. In this review,studies on the interactive effect among minerals on the flotation of iron ores, magnesite ores, and scheelite ores are summarized, and the main problems and mechanisms that diminish the separation efficiency of minerals are revealed in detail. Recent research progress on the flotation of these ores has confirmed that mineral aggregation, coating, and dissolution, as well as other factors caused by interacting behavior, explain the depressing effects of fine particles on mineral separation. Solvable methods for these effects are further discussed. Novel flotation processes and more selective reagents are critical for further investigations on various approaches to improve the beneficiation efficiency of these ores.This review aims to provide a good reference for conducting studies related to complex ore flotation.     

Prediction of operational parameters effect on coal flotation using artificial neural network

Artificial neural network procedures were used to predict the combustible value (i.e. 100-Ash) and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate in different operational conditions. The pulp density,pH,rotation rate,coal particle size,dosage of collector,frother and conditioner were used as inputs to the network. Feed-forward artificial neural networks with 5-30-2-1 and 7-10-3-1 arrangements were capable to estimate the combustible value and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate respectively as the outputs. Quite satisfactory correlations of 1 and 0.91 in training and testing stages for combustible value and of 1 and 0.95 in training and testing stages for combustible recovery prediction were achieved. The proposed neural network models can be used to determine the most advantageous operational conditions for the expected concentrate assay and recovery in the coal flotation process.     

高硫煤浮选脱硫抑制剂的研究

在选择适合高硫煤特点抑制剂的基础上，在浮选过程中添加抑制剂，以达到浮选脱硫的目的。同时讨论各种抑制剂对浮选精煤产率、降硫率、灰分、完善指数的影响。结果表明，在所选浮选抑制剂中以石灰的效果最为理想。     

葡萄糖酸钠对7003铝合金的缓蚀性能及其与苯甲酸钠的协同作用

运用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试技术研究了葡萄糖酸钠对7003铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能及其与苯甲酸钠的协同作用,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察铝合金的腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,葡萄糖酸钠能抑制7003铝合金的腐蚀,是一种阳极型缓蚀剂;随着葡萄糖酸钠浓度的增加腐蚀率逐渐减小;当葡萄糖酸钠浓度为0.005mol/L时,缓蚀效率最高为76.92%。此外,葡萄糖酸钠与苯甲酸钠具有良好的协同作用,当葡萄糖酸钠与苯甲酸钠比例为3∶2时,缓蚀率达到86.49%。     

Dual effects of sodium sulfide on the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite: I. Effect of pulp potential

This study explores the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite in the presence of different concentrations of sodium sulfide (Na₂S·9H₂O) at pH 12 under controlled potential conditions. It was observed that the flotation of chalcopyrite is not depressed completely when the pulp potential is low, even at high concentrations of sodium sulfide, i.e., 10?1–10?2 mol/L. However, a partial and controlled oxidation of pulp does enhance the effectiveness of sodium sulfide on the depression of chalcopyrite. Characterization of the chalcopyrite particle surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed the identification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface species, which are responsible for the depression and flotation of chalcopyrite. Changes in pulp potential were found to be an effective float controlling parameter, by which Na2S can be used to initiate or depress the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite.     

金红石型纳米二氧化钛制备中的若干影响因素

实验以TiCl4为原料,采用液相沉积法在低温条件下直接制备了金红石型纳米二氧化钛。重点研究了反应物浓度、温度、pH值、添加剂和煅烧等条件对产物形貌和尺寸的影响。经透射电子显微镜 (TEM )、X-射线衍射(XRD)和比表面分析(BET),得到的样品为金红石型,其粒子近似呈球形,通过控制反应条件可以得到不同粒径的分散均匀的纳米二氧化钛粉体。     

甲酸钠对辐射损伤的抑制作用

目的：研究甲酸钠对辐射损伤的抑制作用。方法：采用溶血试验，受照小鼠肝、肾组织谷胱甘肽测定，受照质粒ＰＵＣ１９ＤＮＡ链断裂测定作为检测指标。结果：甲内能明显抑制紫外线致红细胞溶血作用；明显提高经＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射的小鼠肝、肾组织谷胱甘肽水平；明显抑制经＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射的南粒ＰＵＣ１９超螺旋构象百分率的下降。结论：甲酸钠能清除辐射引起民的自由基损伤，具有防辐射作用。     

钼酸钠对铁质文物的缓蚀作用研究

文中将钼酸钠用作铁质文物表面保护的缓蚀剂,采用原子吸收光谱和电化学动电位极化法研究了钼酸钠对铁器文物表面的保护效果,用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)技术探讨了钼酸钠对铁器锈层表面的作用机理。结果表明,钼酸钠对铁器锈层表面有很好的保护效果,其原因是钼酸钠促进了铁器表面的活泼锈(γ-FeOOH)向稳定锈(Fe₂O₃)的转变,同时有稳定的氧化物三氧化钼 (MoO₃)及难溶的钼酸盐(FeMoO₄)生成,这样锈层表面形成了由稳定的Fe₂O₂,MoO₃,FeMoO₄组成的致密的保护膜,这层膜可以起到阻止外界有害物质向金属表面的侵蚀,从而抑制了基体腐蚀的进一步扩展。