多晶纯铝晶内局部变形组织分析

用显微硬度方法在晶粒尺度范围内对多晶纯铝进行了晶内塑性变形,研究了退火前后压痕周边变形组织形貌.实验发现,仅在退火后的压痕周边出现了不同形态的滑移带,在滑移带的区域发现有大量位错露头并在某些局部范围内呈有序排列状态的现象,同时观察到滑移带直接穿越晶内偏聚区界的现象.文中分析了没有在晶内压痕周边区域内发现再结晶现象的原因,讨论了退火温度及时间、压下量及晶粒取向等因素对滑移带形成的影响.研究表明,与整体变形方式不同,晶内变形方法可以更方便地研究多晶材料塑性变形及再结晶时的一些组织特点.     

宏观石墨颗粒增强工业纯铝金属基复合材料界面阻尼机制

文章运用空气加压渗流技术制备了宏观石墨颗粒增强的工业纯铝金属基复合材料,在温度为25~400℃和频率为0.5、1.0、3.0 Hz条件下,采用多功能内耗仪测量了材料的内耗和相对动力学模量,用透射电子显微镜对材料的微观结构进行了表征;依据内耗测量和微观分析研究了宏观石墨颗粒增强工业纯铝金属基复合材料的界面阻尼行为,结果表明材料的界面阻尼机制为弱结合界面阻尼。     

铸轧速度对液态金属凝固行为的影响

双辊铸轧是一种高效制备金属薄板带坯的先进技术.在铸轧过程中,熔池内的液态金属受到强冷、熔体对流的影响;随着铸轧速度的提高,熔池深度向轧制方向延伸,熔池头部的金属熔体受到轧制压力的作用.作者采用双辊铸轧工艺,在实验室小型工业铸轧机上以不同的铸轧速度生产出2 mm和3 mm纯铝薄板带坯,通过对铝带坯凝固区的显微组织观察及熔池温度场特性的分析,对铸轧速度对液态金属的凝固行为的影响进行了研究.图2,参10.     

施振功率与温度对工业纯铝凝固组织的影响

在工业纯铝的凝固过程中引入超声场,探讨了超声细化晶粒的机理,并具体研究了超声功率、导入声波的熔体温度区间对铸锭凝固组织的影响规律. 实验结果表明:铝熔体经超声处理后,凝固组织均得到显著细化,这主要取决于超声的空化效应和声流效应;超声功率增大时,组织细化程度提高,功率达到170W时细化效果最好,继续增大功率则细化作用减弱;施振温度区间对凝固组织的影响也有相似的规律,在合理的温度导入声波,晶粒能细化到最佳程度.     

宏观孔对泡沫工业纯铝阻尼行为的影响

文章运用多功能内耗仪研究了宏观孔对空气加压渗流法制备的泡沫工业纯铝阻尼行为的影响。在室温低频率条件下测量了泡沫工业纯铝的内耗,实验结果表明泡沫工业纯铝的阻尼能力比致密工业纯铝的阻尼能力提高较大,前者内耗随着测量频率的增加而增加,同时也随应变振幅的增加而增大。运用TEM观察材料的微观结构,发现在晶界附近存在大量的位错亚结构。根据内耗测量和微观观察,讨论了泡沫工业纯铝中可能的阻尼机制,基于多孔弹性材料的平面波方程,理论计算得到了泡沫工业纯铝中内耗的表达式。     

纯铝表面TiO2涂层的光阴极保护行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)在纯Al表面制备TiO2涂层,研究了不同热处理温度下涂层电极电位随时间的变化规律,同时测定了纯Al表面TiO2涂层的极化曲线和孔蚀电位,并对纯Al表面TiO2涂层的结构进行了分析。研究结果表明,纯铝表面TiO2涂层具有明显的光阴极保护效应。在光照条件下,其电极电位最大下降值约270mV。涂层的极化曲线和孔蚀电位测定以及试样在自来水中的浸入实验,进一步证实了纯铝表面TiO2涂层的光阴极保护效应。X射线衍射结构分析表明,TiO2涂层为四方的锐钛型晶体结构。     

Effect of partition coefficient on microsegregation during solidification of aluminium alloys

In the modeling of microsegregation, the partition coefficient is usually calculated using data from the equilibrium phase diagrams. The aim of this study was to experimentally and theoretically analyze the partition coefficient in binary aluminum-copper alloys. The samples were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), which were melted and quenched from different temperatures during solidification. The mass fraction and composition of phases were measured by image processing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) unit. These data were used to calculate as the experimental partition coefficients with four different methods. The experimental and equilibrium partition coefficients were used to model the concentration profile in the primary phase. The modeling results show that the profiles calculated by the experimental partition coefficients are more consistent with the experimental profiles, compared to those calculated using the equilibrium partition coefficients.     

DSC study on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt

In this paper, the influence of cooling rate on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt has been investigated by employing the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of cooling rate on the undercooling as well as its change tendency is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that the undercooling degree increases whereas the change rate of undercooling decreases with increasing cooling rate. Moreover, the change tendency approaches zero when the cooling rate exceedingly increased, indicating that an extremum of undercooling exists with increasing cooling rate.     

脉冲电流对纯Si凝固组织及性能的影响

用频率为3Hz、6Hz、10Hz脉冲电流处理了纯Si熔体试样。用金相显微镜、原子力显微镜对试样进行观察,可以看出经过脉冲电流处理后的纯Si,组织及晶粒粗大化,晶界也变的越来越不明显;利用扫描电子显微镜观察试样断口形貌,经脉冲电流处理后使纯Si的脆性增强;由测得的试样的电阻率,表明经脉冲电流处理试样的电阻率比未经脉冲电流处理的试样电阻率显著降低,并且随着脉冲电流频率的增大,电阻率不断减小。     

液态金属Cu凝固过程中晶体形核与生长及纳米团簇结构的演变特性

采用分子动力学方法和Quantum Sutton-Chen（Q-SC）多体势,对含有5万个液态金属铜（Cu）原子系统在凝固过程中的晶体成核与生长规律及纳米团簇微观结构转变特性进行了模拟跟踪研究.运用Honeycutt-Andersen（HA）键型指数法和新的原子团类型指数法（CTIM-2）分析了金属Cu原子的成键类型和原子团簇微观结构演变特性.结果发现：在以1.0×1013K/s速度冷却时,体系最终形成晶态与非晶态结构共存的混合结构,非晶转化温度约为673K,结晶起始温度为373K.在以4.0×1012K/s速度冷却时,结晶起始温度为673K,系统形成以1421和1422二种键型或由其构成的面心立方（fcc）（12000120）和六角密集（hcp）（1200066）基本原子团为主体的晶态结构,尤其是由1421键型构成的面心立方基本原子团在晶核生长和纳米团簇结构形成过程中占主导地位.形核和生长过程对凝固微观结构演变特性有重要的影响.     

Temperature dependence of the static structure factor of the non-simple liquid metal,Cd

Report a calculation of the static structure factors at any temperature for the non-simple liquid metal Cd by the method of model parameter based on the hard sphere cluster (HSC) model. In comparison with available experimental data, the theoretical results are in good agreement with experiments. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Ren Dazhi: bron in Nov. 1948, Lecturer     

Al（OH）3对双组分加成型液体硅橡胶热稳定性的影响

采用非等温热分析(TG)技术,在惰性气氛和5、15、20 K/min线性升温速率条件下,考察了不同Al(OH)3用量的双组分加成型液体硅橡胶的非等温热降解机制及反应动力学,采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)动力学模型对非等温动力学数据进行分析,并研究了热分解反应的表观活化能Ea。以表观活化能对转化率α作图的结果显示引入一定量的热稳定性添加剂可以大大提高液体硅橡胶的热稳定性。     

远场来流作用下纯熔体液固平直界面的稳定性分析

利用渐近分析方法研究在小的远场来流扰动作用下纯熔体内具有液固平直界面的凝固过程的稳定性,导出了液固界面的扰动振幅变化率与波数的色散关系,以此为基础给出了具有液固平直界面的凝固过程的稳定性判据,揭示了金属凝固过程中液固平直界面转变为胞晶界面的内在机理.     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ1≈2λ2, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ₁≈2λ₂, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.     

Recent research progress on the phase-field model of microstructural evolution during metal solidification

Solidification structure is a key aspect for understanding the mechanical performance of metal alloys, wherein composition and casting parameters considerably influence solidification and determine the unique microstructure of the alloys. By following the principle of free energy minimization, the phase-field method eliminates the need for tracking the solid/liquid phase interface and has greatly accelerated the research and development efforts geared toward optimizing metal solidification micro...     

工业纯钛高温动态拉伸力学行为的微观机制

利用光学金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对多晶工业纯钛(CP-Ti)在不同温度(298～973 K)和应变率(10-3～1 400 s-1)下的拉伸断裂试件的试验段进行了观察分析,考察了形变孪晶、位错和析出相等微观组织随温度和加载应变率的变化规律.在此基础上,提出了孪晶系的分步激活模型并对动态高温力学行为进行了解释.此外,还对位错-溶质原子相互作用的微观表现及其对工业纯钛准静态力学行为的影响进行了探讨.     

Fermi-liquid breakdown in the paramagnetic phase of a pure metal

Fermi-liquid theory (the standard model of metals) has been challenged by the discovery of anomalous properties in an increasingly large number of metals. The anomalies often occur near a quantum critical point--a continuous phase transition in the limit of absolute zero, typically between magnetically ordered and paramagnetic phases. Although not understood in detail, unusual behaviour in the vicinity of such quantum critical points was anticipated nearly three decades ago by theories going beyond the standard model. Here we report electrical resistivity measurements of the 3d metal MnSi, indicating an unexpected breakdown of the Fermi-liquid model--not in a narrow crossover region close to a quantum critical point where it is normally expected to fail, but over a wide region of the phase diagram near a first-order magnetic transition. In this regime, corrections to the Fermi-liquid model are expected to be small. The range in pressure, temperature and applied magnetic field over which we observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity in MnSi is not consistent with the crossover behaviour widely seen in quantum critical systems. This may suggest the emergence of a well defined but enigmatic quantum phase of matter.     

铝金属薄膜上制备OTS自组装分子膜的摩擦学特性

为研究铝金属薄膜上三氯十八硅烷(OTS)自组装分子膜的摩擦学特性,采用自组装的方法在铝金属薄膜上制备OTS自组装分子膜,分析了纳米尺度和毫牛尺度下载荷、滑动速度以及紫外照射对薄膜摩擦学特性的影响.结果表明:制备的OTS自组装分子膜具有疏水特性和良好的润滑性能.紫外照射5 min后,自组装分子膜摩擦力降低;紫外照射15 min时,自组装分子膜的网状结构受到破坏,减弱了润滑效果.在纳米尺度和毫牛尺度下,摩擦力随载荷和滑动速度的增大而增大;铝金属薄膜摩擦系数降低时,自组装分子膜磨损显著降低,摩擦副的耐久性略有提高.     

Prediction of the solidification structure of casting and heterogeneous nucleation

The frequency of heterogeneous nucleation during the solidification of Al-Si binary alloy was estimated by comparing experimentally obtained macrostructures of castings with numerically simulated ones. A molten alloy was unidirectionally solidified from a water-cooled copper chill in an adiabatic mold. The location of colunmar to equiaxed transition (CET) in the solidified alloy ingot was measured. A numerical simulation for grain structure formation based on the Monte Carlo method was carried out, and the frequency of heterogeneous nucleation in the alloy was evaluated by producing similar structure with the experimental one. The frequency of heterogeneous nucleation was expressed as a probabilistic function with an exponential form of undercooling that deter-mines the probability of nucleation event in the simulation. The value of the exponent is regarded as the nucleation parameter. The nucleation parameter of Al-Si binary alloy varied with initial Sicontent.