掺杂LaNiO3型双功能氧电极的电化学性能

双功能氧电极的开发是二次空气电池的关键问题,以开发高性能的双功能氧电极为目的,制备了 LaNi1-yMyO3(M=Co,Fe;y=0,0．2)钙钛矿氧化物作为双功能氧电极的电催化剂,以活性碳为载体,聚四氟乙烯乳液为粘接剂制备双功能氧电极．采用三电极体系测试了氧电极的稳态极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱,并对其阴极极化和阳极极化的交流阻抗谱图进行分析．通过等效电路的拟合研究了该系列双功能氧电极氧还原反应的工作机理．结果表明,对于LaNiO3化合物,B位掺杂可显著提高催化剂的电催化性能,电极氧还原反应的极化主要由电荷转移反应和Nernstian扩散过程造成．     

LaCo0.2Fe0．8O4型钙钛矿型催化剂中A位取代对耐热性能的影响

研究了LaCo0.2Fe0.8O4型钙钛矿型催化剂催化燃烧改变A位取代的程度,发现晶粒度随取代度的增加而减小,同时晶格氧的量有所增大.由于高温使晶粒度增大,晶格氧减少,而适量的晶格氧有利于催化剂活性,所以较大的取代度能够使催化剂在较高温度下保持较好活性.     

LaCo0.2Feo.8O4型钙钛矿型催化剂中A位取代对耐热性能的影响

研究了IaCo0.2Fe0.8O4型钙钛矿型催化剂催化燃烧改变A位取代的程度,发现晶粒度随取代度的增加而减小,同时晶格氧的量有所增大.由于高温使晶粒度增大,晶格氧减少,而适量的晶格氧有利于催化剂活性,所以较大的取代度能够使催化剂在较高温度下保持较好活性.     

BaCo_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)钙钛矿型混合导体透氧膜的性能

混合导体固体透氧膜与POM制氢工艺相耦合,可以较大幅度地降低制氢成本.由于透氧膜在高温、强还原性气氛下工作,仅仅具有较高的透氧能力并不能满足实际应用需求,还必须具有较高的化学稳定性.通过O2-TPD,CO2-TG及透氧实验研究了两种透氧能力最高的膜材料BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ及Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ.研究发现,由于Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ钙钛矿中A位的Sr2+被Ba2+取代及B位的Co4+部分被Nb5+取代,有效地提高了BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ钙钛矿材料的化学稳定性.     

固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料La1-x Srx Fe1-y Mny O3-δ的合成与性能表征

固体氧化物燃料电池技术提供清洁、高效的发电方式。La1-x Srx Fe1-y MnyO3-δ（LSFM）钙钛矿作为中温固体氧化物阴极材料受到人们的关注。本文用柠檬酸盐法合成了La1-x SrX Fe1-y Mny O3-δ（x=0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4；y=0．1，0.2，0．3）钙钛矿阴极材料。使用同步热分析仪（TG／DTA）研究了钙钛矿结构的形成历程。XRD衍射结果证明单一钙钛矿相的最佳形成温度是800℃。采用直流四探针法测试了样品的电导率，其中La0.6 Sr0.4 Fe0.9 Mn0．1O3-δ。显示了最高值。用碘量法测量了LS-FM中的非化学计量氧值。随着sr与Fe的增加，非化学计量氧值增大。通过XRD与SEM分析，La0.06 Sr0.4 Fe0.9 Mn0.1O3-δ与La0.9 Sr0.1 Ga0.8 Mg0.2 O3-δ之间显示出较好的化学和热相容性。结果表明LSFM有望作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料。     

La_(0.8)M_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Cu_xO_3钙钛矿型氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列钙钛矿复合氧化物La0.8M0.2Fe1-xCuxO3(M为Sr、Ba和Ce).催化性能测定结果发现,800℃焙烧所制得的La0.8Ce0.2Fe0.7Cu0.3O3具有良好的三效催化性能,在该催化剂上C3H6、CO和NO的起燃温度较低,分别为225℃、200℃和280℃,并且在温度达到325℃之前都能得到完全转化.扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射测试分析表明,La0.8Ce0.2Fe0.7Cu0.3O3具有良好的钙钛矿型晶体结构,晶粒为纳米级,团聚不严重,这可能是其三效催化性能良好的主要因素.     

La_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(1-x)M_xO_3钙钛矿氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了一系列La0.8Cu0.2Ni1-xMxO3(M分别为Mn、Fe和Co)钙钛矿复合氧化物.催化性能的测定结果表明:750℃焙烧制得的催化剂La0.8Cu0.2Ni0.8Mn0.2O3显示出良好的三效催化性能,能使贫燃条件下CO、NO和C3H6的起燃温度较低,分别为165℃、295℃和302℃,当温度高于400℃时完全转化.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)的测试分析结果表明:La0.8Cu0.2Ni0.8Mn0.2O3因具有良好的钙钛矿晶型结构,且为纳米级晶体,所以三效催化性能良好.     

La_(1-x)K_xCo_(1-y)Mn_yO_3钙钛矿型催化剂同时去除PM和NO_x的研究

为探究K和Mn同时取代对钙钛矿型催化剂催化去除PM和NOx性能的影响,采用络合燃烧法制备了一系列La1-xKxCoO3和La0.8K0.2Co1-yMnyO3钙钛矿型催化剂样品,并进行了TPO活性评价及XRD、FT-IR表征测试.结果表明,K和Mn同时取代后均能形成钙钛矿结构,B位离子以高价形式存在,La0.8K0.2Co1-yMnyO3的催化活性得到明显提高.其中La0.8K0.2Co0.7Mn0.3O3具有较好催化活性,PM的起燃温度和最大燃烧速率温度分别为273℃和350℃,NO的最大转化率约为96%.     

La1-xKxCo1-yMnyO3钙钛矿型催化剂同时去除 PM 和 NOx的研究

为探究K和Mn同时取代对钙钛矿型催化剂催化去除PM和NOx性能的影响,采用络合燃烧法制备了一系列La1-xKxCoO3和La0.8K0.2Co1-yMnyO3钙钛矿型催化剂样品,并进行了TPO活性评价及XRD、FT—IR表征测试．结果表明,K和Mn同时取代后均能形成钙钛矿结构,B位离子以高价形式存在,La0.8K0.2Co1-yMnyO3的催化活性得到明显提高．其中La0.8K0.2Co0.7Mn0.3O3具有较好催化活性,PM的起燃温度和最大燃烧速率温度分别为273℃和350℃,NO的最大转化率约为96％．     

Ni替代对钙钛矿氧化物LaNiyFe1-yO3-δ电化学性能的影响

利用溶胶凝-胶法制备了LaNiyFe1-yO3-δ(y=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9)系列储氢氧化物,采用FTIR、XRD对结构进行了表征,并对其不同温度下的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:常压298 K时,随着Ni含量的增加,电极的最大放电容量先增大后减小,其中LaNi0.2Fe0.8O3-δ效果最佳,其最大放电容量为128 mA·h/g,比未替代的LaFeO3提高了20 mA·h/g;经过30次充放电循环后的最大容量衰减率为14.84%,比LaFeO3下降了2.29%;温度升高,放电容量显著增大,333 K时达到最大值395.5 mA·h/g;与此同时,容量衰减率有所增加,但LaNi0.2Fe0.8O3-δ的衰减率明显低于同温度下的LaFeO3。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that