改性沥青结合料低温性能评价指标

针对高寒多年冻土区特点，选用基质沥青与丁苯橡胶（SBR）改性沥青，通过测力延度试验进行沥青结合料低温性能多指标评价对比，据此提出韧性比指标与常规技术指标试验、夏普计划（SHRP）动态剪切试验及弯曲粱流变仪试验等不同试验指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：韧性比指标与动态剪切试验、弯曲流变仪试验及常规技术指标有良好的相关性，采用韧性比作为评价沥青结合料低温性能的主要指标合理可行：为保证低温性能，建议多年冻土地区沥青韧性比不宜低于4．5。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青及其混合料低温性能研究

采用常规低温性能试验和Superpave低温性能试验,研究了不同类型多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青胶结料的低温性能,对比分析了沥青胶结料低温性能评价指标之间的相应关系,并采用小梁弯曲试验和冻断试验验证了沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能,研究了沥青胶结料与混合料低温性能之间的相关性.最后对不同低温性能评价指标的合理性和不足之处进行了较为深入的分析.结果表明,PPA掺入减小了沥青的延度和劲度模量,老化对PPA改性沥青低温性能的影响显著;应变能密度指标表明PPA可以改善沥青混合料低温抗裂性;PPA复配SBR的改性沥青低温效果要优于SBR改性沥青;冻断温度与冻断强度能较准确地评价多聚磷酸改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能.     

冻融循环下纤维增韧型环氧沥青混合料损伤演化

为了研究季冻区玄武岩纤维增韧型环氧沥青混合料的性能劣化规律,首先,通过沥青黏温曲线分析和直接拉伸性能测试,初步确定纤维长度和掺量,并对比纤维改性前后的环氧沥青混合料(EAC)的路用性能,进一步确定最佳纤维长度和掺量,形成玄武岩纤维增韧型环氧沥青混合料(FEAC)的设计流程。随后,进行低温弯曲试验,测试不同冻融损伤程度沥青混合料的弯拉强度、弯拉应变、弯曲劲度模量和弯曲应变能密度。研究结果表明：6%(质量分数)玄武岩纤维掺量的FEAC具有较好的高温性能和低温抗裂性,并保持了与EAC相当的水稳定性。随着冻融循环次数的增加,EAC和FEAC的弯拉强度、弯曲劲度模量和弯曲应变能密度逐渐降低,而弯拉应变的变化趋势则与之相反。相较于EAC,FEAC表现出更高的弯拉强度、弯拉应变和较低的弯曲劲度模量。FEAC和EAC的弯曲应变能密度冻融损伤变化均呈现明显的3段式性能下降。S形逻辑函数能够有效地描述冻融循环的损伤变化规律,其中模型参数a、k和x_c显示出玄武岩纤维对延缓环氧沥青混合料冻融损伤增长具有积极作用。     

采用测力延度评价复合改性沥青的低温性能

将煤沥青与石油沥青共混,经SBS和橡胶粉改性制得复合改性沥青.针对不同改性剂以及不同的改性剂掺量,对复合改性沥青的测力延度进行分析,评价相关的指标屈服应变能E、拉断功W、韧性比R和柔量D5℃/F2对复合改性沥青低温性能的影响.结果表明,SBS复合改性沥青中,随着SBS含量的增大,其低温抗变形能力增强;在4％的SBS改性沥青中加入一定量的胶粉,其低温延度减小.     

高黏复配改性沥青低温性能试验评价

为了进一步提升开级配沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能，选用改性剂制备不同类型高黏改性沥青并对其进行压力老化(PAV)试验模拟长期老化，通过针入度、延度和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)对比分析高黏改性沥青低温性能，同时基于Burgers模型拟合分析其低温蠕变行为，综合评价高黏改性沥青的低温抗裂性能。结果表明：对比基质沥青，增黏剂可以显著降低沥青低温蠕变劲度且提高沥青蠕变速率，改善沥青的低温柔韧性能和应力松弛能力，有效改善沥青的低温抗裂性能；通过Burgers模型分析进一步证明了所采用的增黏剂可以有效改善沥青的低温性能，但增黏剂过量会对沥青低温性能产生负面影响，通过综合比选，增黏剂最佳掺量为2%;PAV老化后高黏改性沥青低温柔性增强，但应力松弛能力降低。     

适用于机场道面的复合改性沥青性能试验

选用4种纳米材料与青川岩沥青结合,对基质沥青进行复合改性,通过沥青试验及混合料试验研究复合改性沥青的性能。沥青试验包括3大指标试验、旋转黏度试验、动态剪切流变试验、弯曲蠕变试验及旋转薄膜烘烤箱试验,沥青混合料试验包含车辙试验、浸航油稳定性试验、浸水稳定性试验和冻融劈裂试验等。沥青试验结果显示:与基质沥青及岩沥青改性沥青相比,复合改性沥青的针入度降低,低温延度下降,软化点和稠度提升,高温稳定性和抗老化性得到改善,但低温性能会有一定程度下降。混合料试验表明:岩沥青和纳米材料的加入使得混合料具有更高的抗车辙能力,抗水损害和抗航油侵蚀性能也得到提升。研究结果表明这种新型的复合改性沥青适应于非极端寒冷地区机场道面面层。     

青藏高寒地区沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的灰关联分析

运用单因素方差分析方法,研究了低温弯曲试验结果,得到沥青种类、级配类型和不同的公称最大粒径对青藏高寒地区沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响程度;以弯曲应变能密度为评价指标,利用灰关联分析法分析沥青种类对低温抗裂性能的影响.结果表明:SBS/SBR复合改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能最优,SBS次之,SBR最差;具有骨架密实结构的级配B沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能优于级配A;AC-13沥青混合料的低温性能优于AC-20与AC-25.可见,在青藏高寒地区选用具有骨架密实结构、公称最大粒径较小的SBS/SBR复合改性沥青混合料,有利于提高沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能.     

沥青混合料老化后的低温性能

沥青路面的耐久性与沥青混合料抗老化性能密切相关。为了研究老化对沥青混合料低温性能的影响,通过对2种级配的基质沥青和改性沥青混合料老化后的低温弯曲试验,分析了老化作用对其低温性能的影响。结果表明:细级配混合料低温性能要优于粗级配混合料,但老化后弯拉应变衰减幅度大;改性沥青混合料的低温性能好于基质沥青混合料,且其老化后弯拉应变衰减幅度也较小;长期老化对沥青混合料低温性能的影响最严重。建议在沥青混合料低温性能评价中应考虑老化作用的影响。     

增塑剂对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯改性沥青低温性能的影响

为改善苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(styrene butadiene styrene, SBS)共聚物改性沥青在严寒地区的低温性能,以SBS改性沥青为基础,掺加邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(dioctyl phthalate, DOP)和己二酸二辛酯(dioctyl adipate, DOA)2种增塑剂,采用弯曲梁流变(bending beam rheometer, BBR)试验对未老化与旋转薄膜烘箱老化(rolling thin film oven test, RTFOT)条件下各沥青低温性能进行测定,并通过低温连续分级温度、松弛时间等指标评价沥青的低温性能,结合傅里叶转变红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)探究增塑剂对于沥青性能变化的作用机理。结果表明,增塑剂可明显降低SBS改性沥青的劲度模量,提高蠕变速率,改善效果随增塑剂掺量增大而提高。对比老化前后沥青指标发现,增塑剂可降低SBS改性沥青老化前后性能差异。在相同增塑剂掺量条件下,脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂DOA对沥青低温性能改善效果最佳,邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂DOP抗老化效果最好。低温...     

改性沥青在排水性沥青路面中的应用

为了研究改性沥青性能对排水性沥青混合料的影响,针对目前常用的几种类型改性沥青,通过粘韧性试验、60 ℃粘度试验、流淌试验、飞散试验、高温车辙试验和低温弯曲试验,对改性沥青和混合料进行了各项技术指标测试,系统评价了不同改性沥青对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,提出了中国排水性路面改性沥青技术要求的建议值.结果表明:不同类型的改性沥青其性能差别较大,应分别提出技术要求;冻融劈裂试验比残留稳定度试验能更好地评价排水沥青混合料的水稳性;添加少量木质素纤维可以明显提高沥青与矿料之间的握裹力,SBS改性沥青混合料和SBR改性沥青混合料各项指标都能达到与日本高粘度改性沥青相同的技术标准.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that