具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

19世纪中叶英国霍乱病因之争

1831—1849年间英国先后两次暴发霍乱,造成众多人口死亡和巨大的社会恐慌。围绕霍乱出现的原因,英国社会各界展开激烈的争论,分裂为两派:非传染派认为霍乱不会传染,从道德、阶层、种族等角度进行阐释;传染派认为霍乱通过瘴气或不卫生等方式传染。这场争论加深了英国人对霍乱的认识,推动了公共卫生运动的开展。     

论艺术起源的多元合理性

艺术起源研究的多元化现象的原因：原代久远，原始艺术遗迹的发掘使原有理论被推翻，新学说层出不穷；其次，原始艺术形式的多元化特征及非兼容性导致各学说之间的必然矛盾；最根本的原因是艺术史家以其主观价值标准来阐释这一客观现象，必然造成诸多结论多元并存的现状。     

利用计算机研究非遍历Markov链

本文给出一种利用计算机研究非遍历马尔可夫链的方法．     

浅析航海过失和管货过失

《海牙规则》确立了海运承运人对航海过失造成的货损免责，航海过失可分为驾船过失和管船过失。但承运人对管货过失造成的货损应承担赔偿责任。区分航海过失，尤其是管船过失与管货过失，成为一项极其重要的任务。近百的来，有关于此的争议不同涌现，国际上要求废除航海过失免责的呼声日益高涨，《汉堡规则》虽废除了航海过失免责，但亦未被国际社会所接受。文章探讨了航海过失与管货过失的区分标准，并尝试建立一种新的承运人责任制度。     

浅析违犯党纪行为的四个构成要件

本文结合《中国共产党纪律处分条例》的有关规定,运用理论探讨和举例说明相结合的方法,从违纪主体、违纪主观方面,违纪客体、违纪客观方面等四个方面对党员违犯党纪行为的构成要件进行了较为细致地分析,并指出违犯党纪行为的四个构成要件分别具有特定性、多样性、广泛性和复杂性。     

论判决生效后的和解

判决生效后的和解,是指当事人在判决生效后申请强制执行前这个时间段达成的和解。通过对判决生效后和解的效力、不履行和解协议以及和解协议存在瑕疵的救济等方面的分析,能更好地探究判决生效后和解的实质及在现行法律框架下存在的问题,并提出解决问题的若干设想。     

论翻译中“信、达、雅”的度、

如果把原文的"信"度、"达"度、"雅"度及"信、达、雅"整体的度分别看作1,则译文"信"度的允许取值范围为0.7≤译文"信"度＜1,译文"达"、"雅"的度可以分别超过1,译文"信、达、雅"整体的度(可用公式D=F·E1·E2计算)也可以超过1,在这种情况下,我们就说译文超过原文,否则就是译文不及原文.引进度的概念,可以更科学地评价译文.     

从重庆地名看当地的森林变迁

本文从地名角度入手,介绍了地名与森林的关系,通过对重庆森林地名和动物地名空间分布的比较分析,从中挖掘出地名反映的当地森林的变迁情况,对其变迁的原因进行分析.同时从地名产生的机理出发,认为森林地名是人类在认识和改造自然界而产生的,是一种社会现象,带有很强的主观色彩,森林及动物地名比例大小与当地森林多少不一定成正比.     

“概论”课教学中加强“三个自信”教育的几点思考

党的十八大明确提出全党要坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信(即"三个自信").高校《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课是帮助大学生树立"三个自信"意识的重要渠道。加强"三个自信"教育是当前"概论"课教学的中心思想和核心内容.在"概论"课中加强"三个自信"教育,一是要充分讲清楚新中国几十年特别是改革开放以来各方面建设事业取得的巨大成就.二是要充分讲清楚旧中国战乱动荡的苦难和改革开放前建设社会主义过程中的挫折.三是要充分讲清楚包括西方发达资本主义国家在内的形形色色的社会制度和发展道路的特殊性及其历史局限性.四是要充分讲清楚中国过去在社会主义建设中的曲折与失误和当今改革开放进程中的矛盾与问题.     

交错级数收敛性的一个判别法及其应用

在判别变号级数收敛性时，往往需要几种判别法同时使用．比较麻烦。本文提出一个较简便的判别法，在解决变号级数收敛性方面比较简单．便于应用。