延川地区储层特征及综合评价

鄂尔多斯盆地延川地区延长组长2属于低孔—特低渗砂岩储层。在岩心观察及薄片分析的基础上,应用扫描电镜、高压压汞等多种实验手段,分析长2储层岩石学及微观孔喉结构等基础地质特征。结合研究区储层的特点,提出运用聚类分析—灰色关联法联合的方法对延长组长2段储层进行综合评价,建立了长2储层的分类评价标准,实现了长2段储层定量划分及评价。结果表明:长2储层以长石砂岩为主,储集空间类型较为多样,以粒间孔和溶蚀孔最为发育,分别约占总储集空间的92%和6%,孔-喉组合以中小孔细喉型—小孔特细喉型为主。长2段储层可划分为4种不同类型,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类是最为有利的储层,Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类储层则属于不利储层。     

榆林气田二叠系山西组流动单元

鄂尔多斯盆地东部榆林气田山西组储层具有低孔低渗、岩性复杂、孔隙结构复杂的特征.以层或层组为单元的砂体(岩性)、孔隙度和渗透率等参数的宏观分布研究已经达不到该区储层精细评价的要求,而储层的微观孔隙结构比储层宏观物性更能反映本区储层的本质特征.因此开展了该区储层流动单元测井评价研究.基于岩心和测井资料从孔隙几何学角度研究了工区储层的流动单元特征,采用FZI法把该区划分为5种类型的流动单元,同类流动单元的孔-渗关系呈现出规律性变化,其孔隙类型和结构趋于一致,表现出相似的测井响应特征,从而建立了研究区流动单元的划分及分类评价模式.     

陆相滑塌浊积扇储层流动单元定量表征

以大芦湖油田樊29块沙三中亚段储层为研究对象,运用孔喉半径法并结合沉积特征、流动特征、物性特征及生产动态特征开展取芯井储层流动单元研究。在此基础上,选取与浊积扇低渗储层渗流特征相关的13个储层特征参数,采用支持向量机(SVM)算法开展未取芯井流动单元定量评价。基于52组测试样本对SVM预测模型性能进行检验,并利用生产动态资料对流动单元定量评价结果进行合理性验证。结果表明:研究区取芯井储层可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4类流动单元,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类流动单元储集物性和渗流能力最好,Ⅲ类流动单元次之,Ⅳ类流动单元最差;基于SVM的流动单元预测结果与岩心分析结果吻合,模型的正判率达90.38%;流动单元预测结果与油井初期产能、吸水特征及水淹特征存在较强的相关性,SVM预测模型为储层精细解释提供有效途径;不同类型流动单元内剩余油可动用储量及采出程度不同,当前剩余油主要集中于Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类流动单元中,是下一步调整挖潜的重点。     

基于FZI的致密砂岩渗流特征分析

为解决致密岩性油气藏储层非均质强渗流特征复杂,剩余油富集规律不清的问题,以靖边油田为例,运用Amaefule提出的流动分层指标法,建立流动单元分类标准图版,进而确定出流动单元类型。通过岩心归位建立孔、渗透率的解释模型,求取各井点FZI值,划分平面流动单元,采用单井劈分法研究剩余油的分布规律,分析流动单元类型与剩余油分布响应关系。结果表明致密岩性储层的渗流特征体现流动单元类型与剩余油的响应关系,流动单元类型与井网完善程度对剩余油分布均有明显控制作用,井网完善程度较低时,流动单元指数越高,单井的剩余储量越大,井网完善程度较高时,在流动单元的过渡区剩余油的储量较大。利用FZI流动分层指标法研究致密岩性储层的渗流特征,可以更加有效地指导开发剩余油。     

子长油田王家湾区长21-2小层流动单元定量研究

针对子长油田王家湾区油藏开发中面临的问题,对长21—2小层选择多参数综合法进行了流动单元的划分。首先,优选了孔隙度(Φ)、渗透率(K)、泥质含量(Vsh)、孔喉半径(R35)、流动层段指数(FZI)等能充分反映储层特征的参数,通过主因子分析和系统聚类等数学方法对取芯井进行了流动单元划分;并由此建立了各类流动单元的Bayes判别函数,在判别函数的基础上对非取芯井以测井解释数据为依据进行流动单元的划分。结果表明:长21—2小层划分为四种类型(E、G、M、P)的流动单元,研究区以E和G为主,两者主要发育在河道主体,侧向连续性好,分布面积大。单井产量与流动单元类型关系密切,高产井主要分布在优势流动单元内;受流动单元纵向组合样式影响,E和G对M和P会产生两种截然不同的吸水效果。     

低渗透油藏中储层流动单元划分

新疆某油田为低孔低渗储层,开发难度大.为合理高效开发,结合取心、测井等资料,以FZI法将研究区储层划分为4类流动单元,并对各类流动单元的岩性、物性、以及渗流性能参数进行研究,发现各类流动单元之间储渗性能差异明显,研究区的生产状况与流动单元类型之间的关系十分密切,射孔井段内Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类流动单元比例较大的井单井产能高,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类流动单元比例较大的井单井产能低.根据流动单元的分布,预测平面上东部、东北部以及剖面上两个层位是Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类流动单元的主要分布带,也是潜在的油气有利分布区.本文的研究结果对于调整注采井网、提高采收率具有重要意义.     

厚层碳酸盐岩油藏流动单元划分——以中东MF油藏为例

利用岩石组构法(RFN)、孔隙几何形状法(R35)、流动带指标法(FZI)、水体积法(BVW)和修正的地层洛伦兹图版法(SMLP)对厚层碳酸盐岩油藏MF的流动单元进行定量划分。结果表明:RFN法识别的Ⅰ类流动单元可信度较高; R35法对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ类流动单元的聚类效果明显; FZI法对Ⅲ、Ⅳ类流动单元的分类效果较好; SMLP法适合划分不同类型流动单元边界,同时也可以识别出高速流动区和隔挡层。综合使用上述几种方法,可以有效避免方法自身缺陷和数据异常造成的流动单元划分不准确。     

薄窄砂体流动单元划分方法研究

流动单元是储层物性特征的综合反映。从薄窄砂体储集层的基本特征出发,探讨影响渗流特征的地质因素,研究薄窄砂体储集层流动单元的划分方法,然后针对研究区目的层段进行流动单元研究。将研究区目的层段划分为26个垂向流动单元,在取芯井分析的基础上,结合其它静态资料将目的层段流动单元分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四种类型,并建立各流动单元的分类标准,对非取芯井按测井解释的物性参数进行流动单元的分类,最后绘制出各沉积单元的平面流动单元分布图。     

鄂尔多斯盆地NL油田延9流动单元研究

从国内外流动单元研究现状出发,结合研究区实际的岩心、地质、测井和生产动态资料,根据流动带指标和岩性-物性划分法划分流动单元.研究中遵循单井、剖面到平面的思路,开展了流动单元特征参数优选、取心井流动单元分析、非取心井的流动单元划分工作.运用动态资料验证流动单元划分的合理性,进行了流动单元剖面、平面特征研究及流动单元生产能力分析.研究表明,所选用的渗透率、孔隙度和流动层带指标IFZ3个参数可满足本区流动单元划分要求,研究区延9储层流动单元可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区延安组储层流动单元研究

正确划分储层的流动单元可以深化对储层非均质性的认识,对预测剩余油分布、调整开发方案、提高采收率都具有重要意义。通过将基于孔渗分析法、水力单元流动层指标FZI法、孔喉几何形状分析法、K/φ法等几种常用的流动单元识别方法相结合,利用聚类分析与Fisher判别分析方法,将鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区延安组砂岩储层定量划分为4类流动单元。通过对105口井流动单元类型进行序贯指示模拟,研究了延安组延8~1、延8~3、延9~1、延9~2、延10~1五套主力油层的流动单元平面展布状况。结合油藏数值模拟成果与该地区实际的生产状况,分析了各类流动单元与剩余油分布之间的关系,指出Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类流动单元是剩余油分布的主要区域,是该区挖潜的主要目标。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that