具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

浅谈预算法的基本原则

预算法原则对于预算法的修订具有重要的指导性作用,在预算法的修订已进入立法规划的情况下,更有必要对预算法的原则进行深入的探讨。以法律的基本原则和预算法的立法宗旨为出发点,我们提出了预算法的两个基本原则,即预算民主原则和预算法定原则。     

论人治与法治(上篇)

人治与法治是人作为价值观念存在的两个不同发展阶段；人治与法治的共性表现为，都要以法律这种普遍意志形式作为管理社会的基本方式，都强调依法行事；人治的基本法律特征包括个人意志至上性 ，法律的任意性，法律的不可测性，法律与未分化的国家权力同在等，人治的理论和实践在价值观念上是相悖的。     

论我国《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨

《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨,体现了劳动合同立法的价值取向。其立法宗旨为:完善劳动合同制度,明确劳动合同双方当事人的权利义务,保护劳动者的合法权益,构建和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系。深入理解《劳动合同法》立法宗旨,对我们贯彻执行《劳动合同法》具有重要的意义。     

《物权法》实施对船舶抵押权之影响研究

船舶抵押权是一项重要的物权制度,《海商法》和《担保法》已就船舶抵押权制度作了规定,而新实施的《物权法》在具体规范上有了较大的改进与突破,其在适用顺序上优于《担保法》并对《海商法》进行了补充与修正。本文就《物权法》实施后在船舶抵押权登记及效力、船舶抵押代位物的范围、船舶抵押权的实现条件及方式、船舶抵押权的诉讼时效等方面进行了阐述。     

《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》的基本特征和现代金融意识

从《人行法》是金融法的基本观点出发，阐述了该法在金融组织体系、金融市场体系、金融宏观调控体系和金融监管体系中的作用；分析了运用货币政策工具，通过宏观调控，实现货币政策目标的重要观点，以及反映出市场经济规律与国际金融惯例靠拢的观点；指出了《人行法》的全部内容体现了现代金融意识。从而说明《人行法》既总揽了国家经济工作的全局，又涉及到了千家万户与各行各业。     

知识产权法与反垄断法冲突的协调

介绍了知识产权法与反垄断法在法律体系中的地位与归属、保护的法益、实施后果等方面的对立性,阐述了协调二者冲突的三种方式,即知识产权法在民法框架内的自我限制——有限保护原则;反垄断法网开一面——适用除外制度;反垄断法中的禁止垄断制度对知识产权滥用的禁止。     

新《律师法》与《刑事诉讼法》衔接的相关问题研究

就新的《律师法》在会见权、阅卷权、调查取证权、执业豁免权等方面的修改后超越或者突破《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的相关规定进行了深入的探讨,对两法之间存在着位阶关系和律师权利如何对接等问题提出了不同看法。这些问题的明确对《律师法》的实施有所裨益。     

《大明律》中的"盗"罪研究

《大明律》中规定的“盗”罪包括有盗窃、抢夺、抢劫、敲诈勒索、诈骗等,这些规定既继承了《唐律》的有关规定,也有细微的变化。通过分析这些规定,一方面可以了解我国古代法典中对这些犯罪的立法规定,同时也可以将其与今天的刑法做一些比较,得出有关刑法的立法技术及模式的有益启示。     

再探元素立体周期律

科学的探索是永无止境的 ,元素周期律也不例外。本文论述了探索元素立体周期律的必要性 ,并通过元素周期律的发展史可知 ,元素规律的探索是由“点”到“线”又到“面”的 ,最后发展成“体”的、三维空间的元素立体周期律的必然性。传统二维空间的门氏元素周期律也有其不足之处 ,是元素平面周期律。本文论证了建立元素立体周期律的可能性和必要性 ,弥补了元素平面周期律的缺陷和局限性。     

《行政许可法》之听证制度初探

行政许可听证制度是《行政许可法》的重要内容之一，该制度是建立在“自然公正原则”与“正当法律程序原则”基础之上的一项重要的民主制度。《行政许可法》的颁布施行扩大了行政许可听证的范围，并首次确立了“案卷排他原则”。这些创新性的规定是我国“依法行政”治国方略的重要体现。