铜仁城市气温近40年时空变化特征分析

利用铜仁市各区县10个国家级气象自动站1980—2019年地面气象观测资料,分析年、月尺度下气温时空变化特征。结果表明:铜仁市1980—2019年各区县逐年年平均气温在12.6(万山)～18.8℃(沿河)之间,除万山近40年均低于15℃外,其余各区县差异不大;多年年平均气温在13.8～17.8℃之间,最高为沿河,最低为万山;极端最高气温最高为沿河42℃,出现在1981年8月8日;极端最低气温最低为万山,为1980年1月31日出现的-9.4℃,多年的极端最低气温呈东部低、西部高的分布特点;月平均气温为2～28℃,最低出现在万山(1月),最高主要出现在沿河和碧江(7月)。     

江河源区近40年来气温变化特征的研究

通过对长江、黄河源区从1961—2001年的年平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温随时间变化规律的分析得出：江河源区近40年来年平均气温、日最高气温、口最低气温随时间均呈增温态势；日最低气温的增温比日最高气温的增温更显著：20世纪90年代以米气温明显偏高；但也有新的特点：一月份日最高气温、日最低气温和日平均气温进人90年代不但没有变暖反而足降低的；80年代后期年平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温发生了显著的变暖突变。     

新疆喀什市近46年极端温度的变化特征分析

利用1961～2006年喀什气象站月平均最高气温、平均最低气温以及平均气温资料,研究其长期变化趋势和年际变化,得出平均气温具有增暖趋势,90年代增暖最强,特别是最低气温增暖明显;而最高气温呈下降趋势.     

吉林西部近50年来的气温变化趋势分析

根据长岭气象站1953-2001年实测气温资料,分析研究了吉林省西部近50年来的气温变化趋势.结果表明:吉林西部地区平均气温以每10年0.4℃的速度升高,并且80年代后期以来增温速度最快,达每10年0.6℃.不同季节平均气温以冬季增温最大,为每10年0.6℃;其次是春季,每10年0.4℃;而夏秋两季为每10年0.2℃,并且不存在夏季降温.极端最低气温呈明显升高趋势,特别是90年代中后期,而极端最高气温略有升高.本世纪的头两年冬季气温明显回落,其极端最低气温甚至达到了近50年来的最低值.     

珠江三角洲城镇化对区域极端温度变化的影响

基于珠江三角洲关键气象站点数据,分析了1960～2016年各个站点极端气温、平均气温的变化差异.用线性回归分析和城郊取差法对各个站点的极端最低气温、极端最高气温、平均气温进行趋势评价,得出各站点3种气温的变化特征,以及城镇化对3种气温变化的贡献.结果表明,珠三角各站点的极端最低气温上升最明显,其次是极端最高气温.城镇化对珠三角平均气温变化的影响最明显,其次是极端最低气温,对极端最高气温变化的影响很小.     

1961～2011年山东地区气温变化的区域差异特征及突变分析

利用山东地区17个气象站1961 ～2011年逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温等资料,采用线性倾向率法、Mann-Kendall法、累积距平法等方法,分析了山东地区近50年的气温变化特征和突变特征.结果表明：1961 ～2011年山东地区各气象站年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温均呈现增温趋势,平均增温速率分别为0.22℃/10a、0.17℃/10a和0.33℃/10a,年平均最低温度的上升幅度大于年平均最高温度的上升幅度,山东地区气候变暖主要体现在年最低温度的升高上.近50年来山东地区气温变化过程具有显著的阶段性,而不是单调递增.山东地区增温主要发生在最近的20余年内,各气象站点的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温集中在20世纪80年代末至90年代初发生增温性突变.山东地区气候变暖的区域差异比较明显,龙口地区的年平均气温增温最明显;年平均最高气温增温最为明显的是日照地区;龙口地区年平均最低气温增温趋势较为显著.     

福建区域气象观测自动站气温数据集建立及质量评估

整理并分析福建省区域自动气象观测站2008—2020年逐小时气温数据,结果显示,2009年以来,区域站最高气温、最低气温、气温年平均实有率均在90%以上;2008—2020年区域站最高气温、最低气温、气温数据年平均正确率均大于99%,年平均错误率均小于0.12%,年平均可疑率均小于1%;2008—2020年福建省年平均气温呈整体上升趋势。     

新疆喀什极端温度和风沙日数变化特征分析

利用1961～2006年喀什气候观象台月最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、风沙日数资料,研究其长期变化趋势和年际变化,得出：气温具有增暖趋势,90年代增暖最强,特别是最低气温增暖明显;而最高气温呈下降趋势,风沙和大风日数都呈下降趋势。     

近51年贵州南部冬季气温气候特征及其变化规律

利用贵州南部12个站51年气温观测资料,研究这个地区冬季气温的长期变化,其中包括用线性趋势分析了冬季气温的变化趋势和特征,以及利用小波周期分析方法研究了冬季气温的周期变化.结果表明:51年来,贵州南部冬季平均气温、12月气温、2月气温、平均最低气温、极端最低气温均呈现升温的趋势,其中2月增温趋势达到0.46℃/10 a,平均最低气温达到0.23℃/10 a,两者升温显著;1月气温呈现下降的趋势,趋势率为-0.13℃/10 a,平均最高气温和极端最高气温呈现弱的降温趋势.贵州南部冬季气温和冬季各月气温存在年际振荡和年代际振荡.     

中国西北干旱区极端气温的时空变化特征

利用1961-2010年西北干旱区107个气象台站观测资料,基于气候学统计方法,分析西北干旱区50年来极端最高、最低气温的时空变化特征和规律.研究表明:西北干旱区极端最高、最低气温呈非对称性增长,极端最低气温增暖趋势明显高于极端最高气温,从而导致极差呈减小趋势,天山山区尤其显著.西北干旱区极端最高气温暖中心分布于准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地;极端最低气温在空间分布上表现出一定的近纬向分布特征,温度梯度变化显著.20世纪末期至今,西北干旱区极端最高、最低气温均呈现明显的增暖趋势;极端最高气温在1997,2000年出现异常偏暖现象;极端最低气温1967年出现异常偏冷现象,比多年均值偏低3.9?C.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with