基于STANJAN的多种燃料燃烧产物的计算和分析

利用STANJAN对甲烷(CH4)、丙烷(C3H8)及辛烷(C8H18)3种燃料与空气(21%O2与79%N2的混合物)在不同混合比下燃烧后产生的CO,NO,NO2的浓度及火焰温度进行了计算。结果表明3种燃料燃烧后的绝热火焰温度及3种产物浓度的变化趋势类似;且随着燃料碳氢比的上升,绝热火焰温度和3种产物的浓度随之上升。     

热扩散管反应器中甲烷转化反应的研究

为了实现甲烷的有效转化,使用热扩散管反应器进行了甲烷的脱氢偶联反应. 结果表明,C2至油状产物被生成. 实验表明,由于热扩散作用的存在,当甲烷由上向下通入垂直设置的反应管时,C2烃的选择性较高. 在碳棒温度1470K下甲烷转化率约为36%,C2选择性可达40%,其中乙炔和乙烯的摩尔分数在95%以上. 在添加氢气的(摩尔比:n(H2)/n(CH4)=1/2)情况下,C2选择性上升至68.3%,甲烷气体的转化率约为23%. 在碳棒温度1470K、甲烷由上向下通入反应器,反应器出口气体产物中氢气的摩尔分数在40%以上.     

基于化学平衡的等离子体助燃计算与分析

研究了非平衡等离子体助燃的机理,并用最小Gibbs自由能理论对注入粒子后甲烷的燃烧进行了计算。对注入不同量粒子后燃烧温度和燃烧产物的分析证明,等离子体所具有的化学动力学特性可以加快反应的进行,增加燃烧温度和降低燃烧污染物的排出,从而验证了等离子体在航空发动机燃烧室中助燃的可行性。     

多端口进料微型管式重整制氢反应器性能研究

针对传统管式重整反应器甲烷转化率低的问题,设计了一种具有多端口进料结构的微型管式重整制氢反应器,并采用COMSOL多物理场模拟软件对该反应器的重整性能进行了计算研究,分析了反应温度、汽碳比等工作参数对其性能的影响规律。计算结果表明:当反应温度在773~973K范围内变化时,甲烷转化率以及产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数会随反应温度升高而增大;当汽碳比在2~4范围内变化时,甲烷转化率随汽碳比增大而增大,而产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数则随着汽碳比的增大而减小;沿气体流动方向,甲烷转化率和产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数受进料多端口特征的影响呈锯齿状波动变化,并呈总体上升趋势,在反应器出口处达到最大值。将多端口进料结构反应器与传统管式反应器进行比较研究,发现所提出的新结构反应器分别在600~1 100K的反应温度区间以及2~5汽碳比区间内其甲烷转化率都高于传统管式反应器;在873~973K区间内甲烷转化率可达93%左右;当汽碳比增大到4后,继续增大汽碳比对甲烷转化率的提高已无明显作用,建议合理的汽碳比区间为3~4。     

爆炸喷涂爆炸波参数数值计算

对爆炸喷涂燃烧室爆轰波的形成及爆轰产物热力学及动力学参数进行了数值计算．结果表明，爆炸喷涂气相爆轰系统爆轰特性主要取决于气相系统的选择和初始混合气体配比．C2H2 O2气相爆轰系统更适合于喷涂高熔点的陶瓷、金属陶瓷及纳米复合陶瓷粉体，其最优化工艺参数应该选择在零氧平衡附近．而H2 O2气相爆轰系统则适用于喷涂低熔点的金属及其合金，金属粉体的熔点越高，最优化参数越接近于零氧平衡点．     

少量乙烯对甲烷爆炸危险性及反应历程的影响

工业生产中可燃气体爆炸往往是多元可燃气体在空气中的爆炸,而乙烯作为活性非常高的可燃性气体,对甲烷爆炸的危险性有很大影响,为了进一步考察乙烯影响CH4爆炸的规律,采用标准的可燃气体爆炸极限测试装置,分析了含有不同浓度C_2H_4时,CH_4在空气中的爆炸极限;并基于密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31G水平下对相关基元反应进行定量分析,计算出相应热力学数据,然后用反应内禀坐标法验证反应路径,结合反应动力学来分析C2H4对甲烷爆炸反应历程的影响。结果表明:少量C_2H_4可使甲烷爆炸上限和下限均有所下降,且爆炸下限下降更明显,爆炸危险度F值增大;C2H4裂解过程中的·C2H3与O2反应生成爆炸链反应的中间产物CH_2O,增加了CH_4爆炸链分支反应;C_2H_4的存在增加了链反应所需的中间产物,提高了整个反应体系活化中心浓度,促进了甲烷爆炸;计算结果从微观角度很好地解释了实验结果,得出了C_2H_4/CH4混合体系16步简化反应机理。     

沙墙吸能作用对爆炸冲击波影响的数值分析

由沙袋堆积起来的沙墙对强冲击波具有很好的消波吸能作用,在爆炸实验中对结构有一定的防护作用.沙墙在爆炸冲击波作用下,飞散形成颗粒相,吸收冲击波的能量,降低冲击波对结构的冲击作用.分别使用通用非线性动力学数值计算程序LS-DYNA和自编的多相流程序,计算了某封闭空间中沙墙对爆炸冲击波消波吸能的作用.自编的多相流程序可以计算沙子的飞散,可以考虑对流、辐射传热的吸能作用.LS-DYNA没有这些功能,但是却可以模拟复杂的爆炸与结构相互作用的问题.两种程序对比计算的结果可为使用商业软件LS-DYNA进行类似的复杂数值计算提供参考和修正.     

大气压DBD甲烷二氧化碳转化方法研究

在不使用催化剂,吸收剂的环境友好条件下,利用大气压介质阻挡强电离放电加速电子及激励气体分子方法,将CH4和CO2气体激发、电离和离解成CH3,CH2,CH,H,CO,O,OH等活性粒子,并在非平衡等离子体反应器内重新组合,生成合成气、气态烃及含氧有机物醇、酸等有价值产物,甲烷的转化率高达60%以上,二氧化碳或氮气的加入使甲烷的转化率有明显提高,甲烷与二氧化碳反应气的最佳体积比为3/1.当甲烷体积分数为75%时,可得到H2/CO摩尔比为3的高质量的合成气,收集到的液体产物主要有醇、酸和水等.     

甲烷燃烧反应的火焰温度

根据公式ΔH=W′=-0.1196n/λ计算了甲烷燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算温度为3134K,与实际温度3120K非常接近.这进一步明确了烃燃烧反应机理,该机理为:(1)O2+hν2O·;(2)CpH2qpC+qH2;(3)H2+O·H2O+hν;(4)C+O·CO+hν;(5)2CO+O22CO2.     

1,3-二甲基金刚烷热解和燃烧的ReaxFF反应动力学模拟

采用基于ReaxFF反应力场的分子动力学方法研究了1,3-二甲基金刚烷(1,3-DMA)在不同温度和质量浓度下的热解和燃烧反应.结果表明,1,3-DMA热解反应开环方式有5种,产物主要为H2,CH4,C2H2,C2H4,C3H4,C3H6,C4H6,观察到H2的生成方式有两种.1,3-DMA燃烧反应主要产物是H2O和CHO类小分子,观察到H2O的生成方式有2种.同时研究了影响热解和燃烧反应速率的因素,温度越高、反应物质量浓度越大热解和燃烧反应速率越大.用ReaxFF动力学方法模拟所得到的结果与实际实验结果一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that