骨髓间充质干细胞对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用

目的 观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用.方法 C57BL/6小鼠行1.75Gy X 线全身照射,每周1次,连续4周.实验设正常对照组、照射组及照射+MSCs组,于末次照射后30、60、90 d称量各组小鼠体质量.取胸腺组织,计算胸腺质量指数,并通过组织学观察MSCs对胸腺组织损伤的修复作用.结...     

骨髓间充质干细胞研究进展

干细胞移植是目前治疗器官损伤、神经退行性疾病研究的热点,国内外学者分别对神经干细胞、胚胎干细胞等进行了探索,渴望从中找出细胞移植领域的候选细胞,但是这些细胞大多面临着伦理、来源、免疫排斥等多方面的问题.然而,近年来发现的骨髓间充质干细胞在一定程度上弥补了这一不足.骨髓间充质干细胞凭借其多向分化潜能、强大的自我复制能力和可移植性,成为细胞移植、基因治疗中重要的候选细胞.骨髓间充质干细胞移植为器官损伤、神经退行性疾病的临床治疗带来了新的希望,本文对其生物学特性及临床应用方面做一综述.     

骨髓间充质干细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植中的作用

骨髓间充质干细胞是干细胞领域的研究热点之一，特别是其特有的免疫调节作用，为解决异基因造血干细胞的移植后的免疫排斥问题带来希望。虽然近几年来有关间充质干细胞减少免疫排斥的研究已取得了很大进展，但仍有很多问题有待进一步解决。本文主要对间充质干细胞的免疫性及其在异基因造血干细胞移植中的应用等问题进行了综述。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠功能和结构修复的实验研究

观察骨髓间克质干细胞（MSC）移植对脊髓中度损伤大鼠运动功能的修复作用。方法：20只成年Sprague—Dawley（SD）大鼠随机移植组（n=10）和对照组（n=10）两组,均采用改良的A11en’s打击法遣成脊髓中度损伤（致伤冲量10g×4cm）。伤后1周,移植组于伤处移植大鼠MSC,而对照组仅注射等量PBS。分别于移植后1天,1周,2周,3周、4周用BBB评分观测大鼠的运动功能,并于移植后4周进行损伤脊髓的大体观察和组织学检测。结果：移植后1周两组动物运动功能恢复无明显差异。移植后2周、3周、4周,与对照组比较,移植组显著提高运动功能。移植后4周,移植组损伤脊髓的结构修复明显优于对照组。结论;脊髓损伤大鼠经MSC移植后能明显改善其运动功能和神经形态,MSC移植对脊髓损伤大鼠有治疗作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其分子机制

骨髓间充质干细胞是一类具有高度自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞，在组织修复和基因治疗上有广泛的应用前景。近来研究认为进入循环中的骨髓间充质干细胞可以迁延到广泛的组织，当组织损伤时，还可以特异性迁延到靶组织参与修复。影响骨髓间充质干细胞迁延的机制是近年研究的热点。本文就骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其相关分子机制的研究予以综述。     

脊髓损伤患者骨髓间质干细胞形态学观察

目的骨髓间充质干细胞具有自我复制能力,可以经过不可逆的终末分化过程产生子代细胞,其潜在的多向分化潜力以及可作为细胞治疗这一特点,极有可能成为组织工程较为理想的种子细胞。本实验是对脊髓损伤患者骨髓间充质干细胞形态学观察。方法抽取脊髓损伤患者的骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离、纯化和培养,观察原代和传代细胞的细胞形态。结果原代培养的BMMSCs最佳的贴壁时间为3d,生长性状不一,呈散在圆形细胞群、克隆圆形细胞群、散在梭形细胞群、花带状细胞群、旋涡状细胞群,而传代培养的细胞,增殖速度较快,性状一致,排列规则,呈饱满的梭行。结论体外非诱导培养的BM—MSCs方法可能为临床治疗脊髓损伤患者提供种子细胞。     

间充质干细胞来源外泌体修复创伤性脊髓损伤

创伤性脊髓损伤能够引起严重的神经功能障碍,是一种严重影响生活质量的疾病,但是尚无有效的治疗方法.现有研究中发现间充质干细胞来源的外泌体具有和母细胞相似的生理作用,将外泌体应用于脊髓损伤的治疗中表现出令人满意的疗效,而且移植外泌体后尚未发现在移植干细胞中出现的致瘤等副作用,因此外泌体将会是脊髓损伤治疗中一个很有前景的策略...     

骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌分化的研究进展

目的:介绍骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞分化的研究进展.方法:综合分析近年来国内外相关文献资料.结果:骨髓间充质干细胞在体内、外均可分化为心肌细胞.结论:骨髓间充质干细胞有望成为心衰干细胞移植治疗的理想细胞材料.     

骨髓间充质干细胞亲和肽的筛选

采用噬菌体肽库技术，用分离培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞筛选噬菌体环七肽库，通过酶联免疫吸附实验挑选出亲和性强的克隆.测序分析相应的基因组成，推导多肽序列，获得骨髓间充质干细胞高亲和性多肽，并合成FITC标记的亲和肽（FITC-CSTNPKVLC），流式细胞仪检测结果显示，合成多肽对筛选细胞具有良好的亲和力．     

人脐带间充质干细胞对小鼠衰老进程中骨髓细胞集落生成的影响

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)对小鼠衰老进程中骨髓造血干祖细胞增殖能力的影响.方法:由足月新生儿脐带分离间充质细胞(MSC)作供体,6月龄Balb/c小鼠为受体,将小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组输注MSC(5×10~5/只),每月1次,共4次;对照组输注生理盐水.干预开始后第3个月和第6个月分别比较两组的单侧股骨骨髓有核细胞计数(BMNC)、造血祖细胞集落培养(CFU-GM、CFU-E、CFU-MK)和外源性脾集落形成单位计数(CFU-S).结果:干预后第3个月时,实验组BMNC、CFU-GM和CFU-MK高于对照组,而CFU-E和CFU-S无明显差别;干预后第6个月时,实验组的上述指标均明显高于对照组,且随着衰老出现下降的速度明显慢于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:定期输注hUC-MSC可以相对增加宿主自身造血干祖细胞的生物学活性,从而延缓小鼠造血组织的自然衰老进程.     

脐血间充质干细胞在大鼠损伤肝脏迁徙途径的实验

目的:建立慢病毒载体转染增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因至人脐血间充质干细胞的实验体系,观察绿色荧光蛋白标记的人脐血间充质干细胞在急性肝坏死大鼠模型肝脏局部的迁徙途径.方法:采集新鲜人脐血,梯度离心及低血清培养基体外分离、培养人脐血间充质干细胞,以慢病毒为载体转染绿色荧光蛋白基因至人脐血间充质干细胞.CCl4橄榄油溶液腹腔注射建立急性肝坏死大鼠模型,将2.0～5.0×106绿色荧光蛋白标记的人脐血间充质干细胞肝脏局部移植给模型鼠,24、48、72 h、1周、2周和4周分别处死模型鼠,冰冻切片,荧光显微镜下观察移植细胞在肝脏局部的迁徙途径.结果:转染细胞荧光显微镜下呈现均一绿色荧光影像.细胞移植24 h内可见荧光信号由进针孔迁徙至汇管区,移植治疗48 h时移植细胞定居于汇管区,48 h后荧光信号向坏死病灶区域迁徙,1周后在肝脏坏死局部区域可见稳定的荧光信号.结论:本实验构建的绿色荧光蛋白转染人脐血间充质干细胞示踪体系稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白.经动物实验证明人脐血间充质干细胞肝脏局部移植给肝坏死大鼠模型后在肝脏局部经历了"进针孔至汇管区","汇管区至病灶区"的二次迁徙模式.     

胎肝间充质干细胞治疗实验性糖尿病小鼠的研究

目的:研究胎肝间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化和治疗1型糖尿病的可行性.方法: 用贴壁筛选法从正常C57BL/6j胎鼠(孕11.5～15.5 d)肝脏中分离出胎肝间充质干细胞,用高浓度葡萄糖、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和尼克酰胺体外诱导胎肝间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化;制作1型糖尿病小鼠模型,并将诱导后的细胞移植到1型糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下,连续6周观察血糖变化;用组织学分析移植细胞体内的发育.结果:胎肝间充质干细胞来源的胰岛β样细胞移植到糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下后,具有一定的降低血糖的作用,经过6周以后,接近正常水平;取出移植物,小鼠高血糖重新出现,并很快死亡;移植物作免疫组织化学染色,可以观察到肾被膜下区含有大量胰岛素阳性细胞.结论:胎肝间充质干细胞有望成为1型糖尿病胰岛移植的种子细胞.     

Hedgehog acts as a somatic stem cell factor in the Drosophila ovary

Secreted signalling molecules of the Hedgehog (Hh) family have many essential patterning roles during development of diverse organisms including Drosophila and humans. Although Hedgehog proteins most commonly affect cell fate, they can also stimulate cell proliferation. In humans several distinctive cancers, including basal-cell carcinoma, result from mutations that aberrantly activate Hh signal transduction. In Drosophila, Hh directly stimulates proliferation of ovarian somatic cells. Here we show that Hh acts specifically on stem cells in the Drosophila ovary. These cells cannot proliferate as stem cells in the absence of Hh signalling, whereas excessive Hh signalling produces supernumerary stem cells. We deduce that Hh is a stem-cell factor and suggest that human cancers due to excessive Hh signalling might result from aberrant expansion of stem cell pools.     

Directing neural stem cell fate with biomaterial parameters for injured brain regeneration

The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into all types of neural lineages, offers promising prospect for the treatment of brain neurological disorders such as stroke/cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. However, only limited number of NSCs could survive or propagate due to tissue inflammation or blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate culture system that highly mimics the natural NSCs niche to direct stem cell fate and behavior for nerve regeneration. Both biophysical and biochemical properties of the NSC niche, including topology, mechanical properties, bioactive molecules, and their spatial and temporal presentations should be considered for the design of functionalized scaffolds, which could not only serve as the delivery vehicles of NSCs but also stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level, such as support endogenous or exogenous cells proliferation, migration and homing, even promote the growth of axon at the injured brain site. This review attempts to outline the varieties of biomaterial     

Optimal time for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with myocardial infarction

Background： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell （MSC） transplantation is a promising strategy in the treatment of myocardial infarction （MI）. However, the time for transplanting cells remains controversial. The aim of this study was to find an optimal time point for cell transplantation. Methods： MSCs were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats. MI model was set up in SD rats by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. MSCs were directly injected into the infarct border zone at 1 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after MI, respectively. Sham-operated and MI control groups received equal volume of phosphate buffered saline （PBS）. At 4 weeks after MI, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography; vessel density was analyzed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides by light microscopy; the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） assay; the expressions of proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results： MSC transplantation improved cardiac function, reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and increased vessel density. These benefits were more obvious in 1-week group than in 1-h and 2-week groups. There are more obvious increases in the ratio of bcl-2/bax and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and more obvious decreases in the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 in 1-week group than those in other two groups. Conclusion： MSC transplantation was beneficial for the recovery of cardiac function. MSC transplantation at 1 week post-MI exerted the best effects on increases of cardiac function, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis.     

几种中药对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响

为了筛选出能够促进间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Stem Cell, MSC)增殖、分化的天然中药,我们分离、纯化、培养了大鼠BMSCs细胞,加入刺五加注射液、黄芪注射液、参麦注射液、生脉注射液.通过四甲基偶氮唑法检测法(MTT)和Brdu标记的方法检测这些中药促进大鼠MSC的增殖作用.结果显示这几种中药注射液中刺五加注射液对MSC的增殖效率与对照组比较有显著性差异.48h较24h好.其结论是刺五加注射液具有促进MSC增殖的作用,随药物作用时间的延长,效果更明显.     

Protective paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells on cardiomyocytes

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on cardiomyocytes in vitro and to investigate the anti-apoptotic signaling pathway. Methods: MSCs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were separated and cultured. MSC medium was collected from MSCs cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) under hypoxia. Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal SD rats were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and treated with MSC medium. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were stained with Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Hoechst 33342 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential of cardiomyocytes was assessed using a fluorescence microscope. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome C, apoptosis-induced factor (AIF), and caspase-3 was tested by Western blot analysis. Results: Our data demonstrated that MSC medium reduced H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the release of cytochrome C and AIF from mitochondria into the cytosol. Conclusion: MSCs protected the cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway in a paracrine manner.     

有机磷农药对小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的探讨有机磷农药敌百虫（dipterex,Dip）和敌敌畏（DDV）联合染毒对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用。方法选择雄性小鼠32只,随机分为4组（3个染毒组和1个对照组）每组8只。染毒组小鼠每天分别给予2、10、50ms／kS剂量Dip和2、10、50mg／kg剂量DDV,经口染毒;对照组给予等容积的生理盐水。每天每只小鼠染毒1次,连续染毒27d。首次染毒后35d处死小鼠,观察精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化。结果Dip、DDV联合染毒中、高剂量组精子数量、精子活率均低于对照组,精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,并呈剂量一反应关系。结论Dip、DDV联合染毒可引起雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传损伤,导致生殖毒性效廊．并具有致突变作用。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞不同亚群

目的 比较不同亚群的人骨髓间充质干细胞(human bone mesenchymal stem cell, hBMSC)自我更新和分化能力。方法 通过获赠的人髂骨骨髓标本,联合运用密度梯度离心和差异贴壁法分离MSCs , 用10μm 滤膜将不同群体细胞分离,倒置相差显微镜观察不同亚群细胞的形态;流式细胞仪检测BMSC不同亚群细胞的表型;在地塞米松、Vit C、β-磷酸甘油钠作用下将不同亚型细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化,分别观察其分化能力。结果 成熟的MSC,即mMSCs 细胞(mature cells)呈纤维样梭形, RS 细胞(rapidly MSC self-renewing cells)呈圆形。RS细胞增殖能力明显强于mMSCs。经定向诱导分化后,RS细胞向成骨细胞分化能力较mMSCs细胞强。结论 RS 细胞较之mMSC细胞可能是一种更原始的中胚层前体细胞,具有更强的自我更新和分化潜能。