抗癌药氨柔比星关键中间体的制备新方法

氨柔比星是一种新型小细胞肺癌治疗药物，5，8-二甲氧基-2-萘满酮是合成氨柔比星的关键中间体。为此，研究发现了一种新的高效简捷的合成5，8一二甲氧基-2-萘满酮的方法，该方法以对苯醌和丁二烯为原料，经过Diels一Alder反应、氢氧化钠作用下1，4-萘醌的烯醇化以及与硫酸二甲酯的双甲醚化“一锅”反应、叔丁醇钾作用下的双键重排反应、环氧化反应以及酸催化下的环氧重排反应得到了目标化合物5，8-二甲氧基-2-萘满酮。     

新型白藜芦醇类衍生物的合成研究

以没食子酸为原料, 通过甲基化、还原、溴代、Arbuzov重排、Wittig-Horner反应、O - 异戊烯基或O - 法尼烯基化等反应步骤,以总收率30%～35%合成了6种未见文献报道的新型的白藜芦醇类衍生物1a,1b,2a～2d. 所合成的化合物已通过MS,1HNMR和IR等波谱方法进行了结构确证. 该合成方法具有反应条件温和、后处理方便、产率较高和立体选择性强的优点.     

茶螺烷的合成方法改进

本文以α-紫罗兰酮为原料,经间氯过氧苯甲酸环氧化、甲醇钠开环、连二亚硫酸钠还原碳碳双键,硼氢化钠还原羰基及脱水等5步反应合成了茶螺烷,产物结构经IR、1H-NMR和MS确证﹒通过改进生产工艺,总收率可达59.4%﹒     

关于液体聚丁二烯的环氧化研究(Ⅰ)过氧乙酸现场法

采用过氧乙酸现场环氧化技术,合成一系列具有不同环氧值的液体环氧化聚丁二烯,详细地研究了反应温度、时间、催化剂等诸多因素对环氧化反应的影响,并首次通过开环几率和双键的反应程度阐述了环氧化反应的规律。     

液体聚丁二烯的环氧化研究(Ⅱ)——过氧甲酸现场法

采用过氧甲酸现场法 ,合成了一系列具有不同环氧值的液体环氧化聚丁二烯(L EPB) ,研究了温度、溶剂、反应时间和原料配比对环氧化反应的影响规律 ,并通过开环几率和双键反应程度对环氧化反应进行了详细的讨论 .结果表明最佳合成条件为 :甲酸 /双键摩尔比 0 .4;双氧水 /双键摩尔 1 .0 ;甲苯 /LPB重量比 3     

阿戈美拉汀合成方法的优化和改进

为了提高阿戈美拉汀的反应收率和产品纯度,对其合成方法进行了研究。以苯甲醚与丁二酸酐为起始原料,经过傅克酰基化、催化加氢还原、环合、克脑文盖尔缩合、芳构化、NaBH4/NiCl2·6H2O还原、酰化合成阿戈美拉汀,对反应条件和参数进行了优化和改进。结果表明:以催化加氢还原代替传统的黄鸣龙还原或克莱门森还原,以无水乙醇为溶剂,Pd/C用量为20%,压力为1 MPa,温度为35℃,收率可达86.8%;克脑文盖尔缩合反应中,以苄胺/甲酸为催化剂,n(7-甲氧基-1-萘满酮)∶n(氰乙酸)∶n(苄胺)∶n(甲酸)=1∶1.8∶0.3∶0.3,转化率可达95.6%;NaBH4/NiCl2·6H2O还原反应中,加入Boc酸酐,对还原氨基进行保护,减少了副产物的生成,收率达72.5%。在此优化条件下,反应总收率为26%,纯度为99.79%,目标化合物的结构经1 H-NMR和13C-NMR确证。催化加氢还原法工艺路线绿色环保,反应条件温和,后处理简便,为提高阿戈美拉汀的反应收率和产品纯度提供了理论参考。     

6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮的合成

以廉价易得的香兰素为起始原料,通过苄基化、硝化、氧化、还原以及合环五个步骤合成了具有抗肿瘤活性的药物中间体6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮。讨论了合成试剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对实验结果的影响。     

1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚的合成研究

1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚可作药物和农药的中间体.以1-茚酮为原料,经过硝化反应、还原反应、脱水反应、环氧化反应、氨解反应得到1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚,反应总收率为20.4%.通过偶极计算,我们确定了硝化产物主产物6-硝基-1-茚酮和副产物-4-硝基-1-茚酮,并通过柱层析对其分离;在环氧化反应中,使用m-CPBA作为环氧化试剂收率远高于其他过氧酸;目标产物后处理方法为,用重结晶代替柱层析.各中间体和目标化合物结构通过核磁共振、红外光谱以确定.     

2-己基噻吩的合成与表征

以噻吩为原料,经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应制得2-己酰基噻吩,然后,2-己酰基噻吩经wolf-Kishner-黄鸣龙还原反应合成了目标产物2-己基噻吩,总收率为65%以上.通过1H NMR、MS分析确证了2-己酰基噻吩与标题化合物的结构.     

2-羟基咔唑的合成与表征

以邻溴硝基苯为起始原料,依次与双(频那醇合)二硼,对溴苯甲醚经Suzuki-Miyaura反应合成了2-硝基-4’-甲氧基联苯,然后经亚磷酸三乙酯还原反应,三溴化硼催化脱甲基化合成了目标产物2-羟基咔唑,总收率68.9%.通过1 HNMR、13 C NMR表征了合成化合物结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that