基于小波包能量熵和GWO-SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承不同故障类型和不同损伤程度识别准确率较低的问题,提出了将小波包能量熵、灰狼优化算法和支持向量机相结合的故障诊断方法.首先,将滚动轴承振动信号进行3层小波包分解,对第3层各频段小波包分解系数进行重构,提取各频段成分的能量熵构成故障特征向量;其次,利用灰狼优化算法实现支持向量机参数优化;最后,基于优化后的支持向量机分类模型完成对测试集滚动轴承不同故障类型和不同损伤程度特征向量的识别诊断.实验结果表明,相比实验和文献中其他方法,该方法对滚动轴承不同故障类型和不同损伤程度具有更加突出的故障辨识能力.     

基于LMD和SSA-SVM的电机故障诊断

针对电机故障诊断问题,尤其电机轴承方面的诊断,提出了LMD分解和麻雀搜索优化算法（SSA）优化支持向量机（SVM）的故障诊断方法。第一步采取小波降噪和LMD算法相结合去处理原始信号,经过小波降噪后的原始故障信号会去掉一部分的干扰,再分解得到原始信号的一系列PF分量,接着使用相关性分析法选择出有效的PF分量进行信号重构,重构后的故障信号再次经过LMD分解得到的PF分量求出各自的能量熵,直接用能量图展现出来。接着将各个PF分量的能量熵组成一组组特征向量输入到支持向量机的故障诊断模型里。利用麻雀搜索算法在支持向量机（SVM）对于电机故障的分类的模型上进行惩罚参数和核参数的挑选和模拟,选择最合适的参数组合建立SSA-SVM故障诊断模型进行仿真实验,通过仿真实验验证该方法的故障诊断准确率高达99.2％,与PSO-SVM和SVM故障诊断模型进行比较分析,实验证明提出来的方案有着更适合的故障识别能力,对电机故障诊断有着很好的适应性和发展性。     

基于遗传编程和支持向量机的故障诊断模型

提出了一种基于遗传编程和支持向量机的故障诊断模型．该模型利用遗传编程对传统的时域指标进行特征选择和提取，得到更能反映信号本质的特征，与其他特征组合后作为识别特征输入多类支持向量机，实现了对机器不同类型故障的识别．实验结果表明，同传统时域指标相比，经过遗传编程选择和提取的特征对轴承的故障具有更好的识别能力，进而提高了多类支持向量机的分类准确性．     

基于能量差值和GA-LIBSVM的电机轴承故障诊断研究

为了解决传统能量谱算法应用于电机轴承故障诊断时仅能表示某一尺度内,而不能显示相邻尺度间故障特征变换趋势的缺陷,提出一种将能量谱、能量差值和遗传算法优化的支持向量机(GA-LIBSVM)相结合的电机轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用小波包将提取到的信号进行去噪处理和频段分解,依据分解出的不同频率信号分量计算出其相对能量谱和能量差值;其次通过遗传算法优化支持向量机形成GA-LIBSVM模型;最终将相对能量谱和能量差值作为特征参数输入到GA-LIBSVM模型中进行识别。实验结果表明,文章中方法的故障诊断率高达95. 5%,其能够有效提高电机轴承的故障诊断率。     

基于SSA-SVM的航空电弧故障检测

针对航空线路系统电弧故障隐蔽性高和难以检测的问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机（Sparrow Search Algorithm Optimization Support Vector Machine,SSA-SVM）的航空电弧故障检测方法。首先采用小波分解对电弧故障电流数据进行分解,小波分解能有效克服经验模态分解时存在的模态混叠问题。再从信号无序度的角度对电流分量提取能量熵、模糊熵与近似熵,并构造特征向量。然后,使用麻雀搜索算法对支持向量机的权值进行优化,得到最优的权值,最后用训练好的支持向量机对测试样本进行分类。为了验证所提方法的有效性,搭建电弧实验平台,模拟航空线路系统电弧故障的产生,分别采集交流串联正常和电弧故障电流数据,应用本文提出的SSA-SVM算法进行电弧故障检测,结果表明,该方法能较好地识别出电弧故障,检测准确率达到99.5%,相比于粒子群算法或遗传算法优化的支持向量机对电弧故障的检测准确率分别高出2.5%和2%。     

基于谱熵梅尔积和改进VMD的轴承故障预警

针对传统轴承故障预警实时性较差、故障特征提取准确性影响预警效果的问题,将语音端点识别思想进行迁移,采用谱熵梅尔积特征的双门限法实时追踪故障起始点.为克服变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition,VMD）参数选取不当和端点效应对提取效果造成的影响,提出能量差网格搜索法对VMD进行参数寻优,并用支持向量回归机对端点效应进行抑制,结合多尺度加权排列熵在检测振动信号随机性方面的优势,充分发挥VMD对信号的重构能力,对起始点后的故障段进行特征捕捉.通过实际轴承故障信号的实验及数据分析,验证了该方法在轴承故障预警中的有效性.      

基于CEEMDAN能量熵的故障特征提取方法

作为武器装备的重要组成部分,复杂机械设备发生故障会严重影响其性能,如何将故障特征有效提取出来尤为重要。针对复杂机械设备振动信号非平稳非线性的特点,本文提出利用自适应噪声集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）结合能量熵的方法提取信号故障特征,并以某型装备柴油机为例进行验证。通过构建多分量调制信号,分析比较了EMD、EEMD、CEEMD以及CEEMDAN四种算法的分解效果。利用CEEMDAN对振动信号进行分解,提取相关性较大的IMF分量的能量熵作为特征向量,输入到支持向量机中进行模式分类。研究表明,CEEMDAN能够一定程度上抑制了模态混叠问题,对于不同类型的故障能够有效的识别。     

谐波小波样本熵与HMM模型的轴承故障模式识别

根据谐波小波分解非平稳振动信号优良特性与隐马尔科夫(HMM)模型的时序模式分类能力,提出了一种基于谐波小波样本熵与HMM模型结合的轴承故障模式识别方法.该方法首先利用谐波小波对轴承各个状态故障信号进行分解,进而由谐波小波三维时频网格图的频率层数特征计算合理的样本熵维数和阈值,依次提取轴承振动信号各层的样本熵构成特征向量序列;然后将序列前120组输入HMM模型中进行训练得到对应故障模型,剩余80组进行测试与识别,通过对比对数似然估计概率输出值确定轴承故障类型.实验通过与BP和RBF神经网络模型进行不同训练组数的正确识别率对比,验证了该组合方法具有识别准确率高,稳定性强的优点.     

基于改进麻雀搜索算法与支持向量机的光纤陀螺故障诊断

针对光纤陀螺输出信号噪声成分复杂、故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于改进麻雀搜索算法与支持向量机的光纤陀螺故障诊断方法.首先,对光纤陀螺正常信号和故障信号进行3层小波包分解以提取特征向量;其次,通过引入改进Logistic混沌映射和自适应t分布策略,加入边界探索和警戒解除机制,改进麻雀搜索算法并用于支持向量机参数寻优;最后,建立支持向量机模型进行光纤陀螺故障的识别和诊断.经实例分析,提出的方法可有效用于光纤陀螺故障诊断,与麻雀搜索算法、灰狼优化算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法和天牛须算法对比,可有效提高光纤陀螺故障诊断准确率.     

基于变分模态分解排列熵和粒子群优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳性和低信噪比的特点,提出基于变分模态分解(VMD)排列熵和粒子群优化支持向量机(PSO-SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法;该方法利用VMD对信号进行预处理,可得若干本征模态分量(IMFs),根据包含故障信息的数量筛选出有效IMFs,求其排列熵构造特征向量,建立支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断模型,并用粒子群算法优化参数,以提升分类性能;在滚动轴承故障诊断实例中,通过与VMD结合SVM和集成经验模态分解(EEMD)结合PSO-SVM进行对比。结果表明,本文中提出的方法故障诊断的准确率更高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.