两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装形成平头胶束

高度不对称的两亲性嵌段共聚物可以通过自组装形成平头胶束聚集体.文中综述了嵌段共聚物的聚合方法,嵌段共聚物平头胶束的结构、类型和制备方法,平头胶束的形成机理及对其形貌的主要影响因素.     

嵌段共聚物的超分子结构

主要介绍了制备An Bn或An Bn An型结构的嵌段聚合物超分子结构的两种经典方法 ,以及激光光散射、荧光探针、电子显微镜等仪器在超分子结构研究中的应用 .并结合小分子表面活性剂的胶束形成理论 ,从热力学角度对嵌段聚合物在溶液中的自组装过程给予理论解释 .其中包括著名的Halperin理论 ,Gennes对胶束半径的预测及Birshtein等提出的用标度理论对超分子结构形成过程的解释 .     

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Micelles from Poly（D, L-lactide） and Methoxypolyethylene Glycol Block Copolymers as Potential Drug Carriers

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG) and poly(D,L- lactide) (PDLLA) were prepared for the preparation of polymeric micelles. The use of MePEG-PDLLA as drug carriers has been reported in the open literature, but there are only few data on the application of a se- ries of MePEG-PDLLA copolymers with different lengths in the medical field. The shape of the polymeric mi- celles is also important in drug delivery. Studies on in vitro drug release profiles require a good sink condi- tion. The critical micelle concentration of a series of MePEG-PDLLA has a significant role in drug release. To estimate their feasibility as a drug carrier, polymeric micelles made of MePEG-PDLLA block copolymer were prepared by the oil in water (O/W) emulsion method. From dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, the size of the micelle formed was less than 200 nm. The critical micelle concentration of polymeric micelles with various compositions was determined using pyrene as a fluorescence probe. The critical micelle con- centration decreased with increasing number of hydrophobic segments. MePEG-PDLLA micelles have a considerably low critical micelle concentration (0.4-0.5 μg/mL), which is apparently an advantage in utilizing these micelles as drug carriers. The morphology of the polymeric micelles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micelles were found to be nearly spherical. The yield of the polymeric micelles obtained from the O/W method is as high as 85%.     

Synthesis and evaluation of methionine and folate co-decorated chitosan self-assembly polymeric micelles as a potential hydrophobic drug-delivery system

In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer folate-succinyl-methionine-chitosan-octyl (FSMCO) was successfully synthesized step by step for self-assembling polymeric micelles. The copolymers formed micelle-like nanoparticles by their amphiphilic characteristics and structures were examined by UV-Vis absorption and Fourier transform spectroscopy. The sizes of blank and ICG derivativeloaded micelles measured by dynamic light scattering were about 170 and 140 nm, respectively, which were spherical in shape with an average zeta potential of 10 mV. Further studies on the stability showed that the micellar solutions maintain their sizes at room temperature for 1 month without distinct aggregation or dissociation. ICG derivative was much better photostable after being entrapped by the new carrier. The prepared FSMCO micelles displayed a good drug loading content (11.7%), entrapment efficiency (66.5%) and sustained release rate for the model drug fluorescein. The copolymers demonstrated weeny cytotoxicity toward Bel-7402, L02 and A549 cells when incubated for 2 d. Ligands modified micelles endowed preferable cell targeting capability and beautiful cell inhibition of HCPT-FSMCO on Bel-7402 tumor cells. This kind of polymeric micelles may be a promising nanovehicle in delivering near-infrared dyes for tumors imaging and chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer therapeutics.     

巯基-烯点击化学法制备还原响应两亲性聚合物

以胱胺二盐酸盐、氯甲酸烯丙酯、1,6-己二硫醇及端巯基聚乙二醇单甲醚等为原料,通过巯基-烯点击化学反应,合成了疏水段含二硫键的两亲性三嵌段共聚物mPEG-bP1-b-mPEG.对mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG在水溶液中的自组装行为进行了深入的研究.结果表明,mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG的临界胶束浓度为0.032 mg/mL,形成胶束的平均粒径为61.3nm.包载模拟药物尼罗红的释放行为研究表明,在D,L-二硫苏糖醇(DTT)存在的条件下,包裹在胶束中的尼罗红可以被释放出来,显示出快速的还原响应性能,表明合成的两亲性三嵌段共聚物mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG有望作为疏水性药物载体,应用于药物控释领域.     

Novel PLGGE graft polymeric micelles for doxorubicin delivery

Novel poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-glutamic acid)]}-g-monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGGE) micelles were prepared and used as carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery. Three PEGylated PLGG copolymers (PLGGE2000, PLGGE1100 and PLGGE500) were characterized by XRD, TG and DSC. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the amphiphilic copolymers were 1.04, 0.55 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The TEM, AFM and DLS measurements revealed that the micelles were homogeneous spherical nanoparticles with the diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm when THF was used as solvent in the preparation of the micelles. Interestingly, extended cylindrical micelles were obtained using CHCl 3 as solvent. The micelles could trap doxorubicin (DOX) in the core with the highest drug loading content up to 23.7%. The mean diameter of drug loaded micelles was much bigger than that of blank micelles. The in vitro drug release of the micelles was diffusion-controlled release within the first 36 h and initial burst release was not obvious. However, after 36 h, the release rate in pH 5.0 was faster than that in pH 7.4 due to the degradation. The PLGGE micelles were nontoxic to both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells demonstrated that the drug loaded micelles exhibited high inhibition activity to cancer cells. CLSM observation of HepG2 cells showed that DOX released from the micelles could be delivered into cell cytoplasm and cell nuclei. PLGGE micelles are potential promising carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery.     

Synthesis and Applications of Fluoroalkyl End-capped Oligomeric Nanoparticles

1 Results Considerable interest has been devoted in recent years to block copolymers containing fluoroalkyl groups owing to exhibiting the low surface energy and the self-assembled polymeric aggregates resembling micelle in aqueous and organic media, which cannot be achieved in the corresponding randomly fluorinated copolymers[1].In these fluorinated block copolymers, we have found that ABA triblock-type fluoroalkylated oligomers and dendritic-type fluoroalkyl end-capped block copolymers can be prepared...     

聚酯—聚醚系列嵌段共聚物结晶性能的研究

本文应用X-射线衍射、红外光谱、DSC及光学解偏振等方法对聚酯-聚醚(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET-聚乙二醇PEG)系列嵌段共聚物的结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明,PET-PEG系列嵌段共聚物的结晶性能随PEG的分子量及其在共聚物中的百分含量不同而异。在PEG分子量恒定时,共聚物的结晶度、熔点均随PEG百分含量的增加而减小;在PEG含量不变时,则随PEG分子量的增大而提高。PET-PEG共聚物具有较PET高的结晶速率,软段PEG亦存在结晶,PEG分子量及其百分含量越大,软段PEG的结晶度越高。     

聚砜—聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯嵌段共聚物的研究

本文合成了聚砜(PSF)—聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PPT)嵌段共聚物(PSF-PPT)。经溶解度试验,反应前后体系粘度的变化,红外光谱(IR)分析,核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)解析等证明共聚物是嵌段共聚物。 研究了共聚物在不同温度、不同溶剂中的溶液性质。实验表明共聚物在溶液中的形态与溶剂及溶液的浓度有很大关系。 研究了共聚物的力学谱图,发现共聚物在拉伸前后相态发生了变化,由偏光显微镜观察到共聚物是多相体系。     

新型嵌段共聚聚苯醚的制备与表征

在氧化偶联聚合反应基础上,以氯苯为溶剂,在铜催化剂作用下,以2,6-二甲基苯酚(DMP)和2,6-二苯基苯酚(DPP)为单体合成了3种不同比例的嵌段共聚物.对共聚物性能的表征结果表明:这种嵌段共聚物比DMP的均聚物(PDMPE)有更高的热稳定性,并保持了良好的溶解性及成膜性能;虽然嵌段聚合物和PDMPE一样为无定形结构,但通过引入结晶性的聚二苯基苯醚(PDPPE)链段,嵌段共聚物薄膜内可以形成通道式相分离;可能是由于PDPPE和PDMPE这两个嵌段的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)比较接近的缘故,嵌段共聚物只有一个Tg,且随着PDPPE含量增加而上升.     

磁热响应复合载药胶束的热化疗协同效应

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),制备了一种临界相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的温敏性两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA29-b-P(NIPAM29-co-DMAM13)。通过高温前驱体分解法制备了单分散超顺磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4;并采用自组装得到了载有药物(喜树碱,CPT)和磁性纳米粒子的磁热温敏复合载药胶束。通过透射电子显微镜、紫外光分光光度计以及MTT等对该胶束的形态、药物控释能力和细胞毒性进行了研究。结果表明,该胶束具有良好的生物学和药物控释性能。同时,通过激光共聚焦显微镜与流式细胞仪研究了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对特定肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。结果表明,磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可促进肿瘤细胞对药物的吞噬,增强药物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。对该载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机制也进行了初步探究。     

嵌段共聚物P(MAn-alt-St)m-b-PStn的制备及其水解物的自组装研究

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合方法合成了苯乙烯和马来酸酐的交替嵌段共聚物P(MAn-alt-St) _m-b-PSt_n,通过核磁共振仪（NMR）、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对聚合物进行了表征,确认3种不同交替段/均聚段(m/n)比例的嵌段共聚物组成分别为P(Man-alt-St)₄₉-b-PSt₇₀,P(MAn-alt-St)₄₈-b-PSt₉₇和P(MAn-alt-St)₅₀-b-PSt₁₃₁。将所制备的交替嵌段共聚物在碱性水溶液中水解后得到了两亲性嵌段共聚物,用扫描电镜（SEM）对两亲性共聚物的自组装形貌进行了研究,结果表明随着两亲性共聚物中PSt均聚段比例的增加,自组装形成的胶束形貌出现由分散的类棒状到支化状再到密集的网状转变。     

含聚丙烯腈的嵌段共聚物及其纳米碳材料

近年来,高温煅烧含聚丙烯腈链段的嵌段共聚物制备纳米碳材料的研究,引起人们广泛的关注。本文主要综述了含聚丙烯腈的嵌段共聚物的合成方法,及利用其自组装前驱体制备纳米碳材料,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

室温原子转移自由基聚合（RT—ATRP）在合成嵌段共聚物中的应用研究进展

室温原子转移自由基聚合较普通自由基聚合有多方面的优点。综述了室温原子转移自由基聚合在合成油溶性、水溶性及两亲嵌段共聚物方面的研究和应用,对室温原子转移自由基聚合及其在合成嵌段共聚物的应用作了展望。     

糖和氨基酸对聚乙二醇-b-聚-L-亮氨酸自组装行为的影响

用芘荧光探针技术和表面张力研究了共聚物胶束的形成及其临界胶束浓度(CMC);利用表面张力、原子力显微镜(AFM)和园二色光谱(CD)研究了葡萄糖和氨基酸对胶束的粒径分布、形态及聚乙二醇-b-聚L-亮氨酸溶液二级结构的影响.结果表明,在一定条件下聚合物可以形成稳定的球形胶束,在水溶液中嵌段共聚物主链主要以α-螺旋构象存在;葡萄糖和氨基酸对胶束的粒径分布、形态及聚合物溶液的二级结构不产生影响.     

一种新型嵌段共聚物的物理性能

研究了由低相对分子质量聚砜链段与刚性棒状甸段组成的嵌段共聚物的物理性能。它们都具有液晶性，可溶解于氯仿－对氯苯酚混合溶剂，不溶于氯仿。且都有一个玻璃化转变温度和一个熔点，还对这些嵌段聚合物和刚性棒状液晶聚合物的性能进行了比较。     

活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用

对活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用进展进行了综述,介绍了活性自由基聚合在聚合单体、共聚物（梯形共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物）、星形和枝化聚合物等方面的最新研究成果。     

血管内皮生长因子受体靶向的紫杉醇胶束的制备及其缓释效果

利用PLGA-PEG嵌段聚合物的两亲性质制备了3种不同PEG分子量的内部包载药物的血管内皮生长因子受体靶向胶束APRPG-PEG-M。通过对制剂粒径分布、zeta电位、包封率及载药量等方面的考察,确定处方和制备工艺,并考察其制剂学性质。制备的靶向胶束呈球形或类球形,粒径109.7~119.9nm、包封率89.2%~91.5%,在体外释药试验中48h累积释放量为47.8%~60.0%,表现出明显的缓释效果。制备的紫杉醇靶向胶束在体外对药物释放具有良好的缓释效果。     

铸型尼龙6嵌段共聚合改性的研究

研究了阴离子引发己内酰胺与聚合物活性剂的嵌段共聚合,聚丁二烯或聚醚作为预聚体软段引入到聚酰胺主链上,以改善铸尼龙产品抗冲击性能及低温韧性,探讨了预聚体链的长短及用量对嵌段共聚物性能的影响,得出了有意义的结论。     

苯乙烯的RAFT聚合及嵌段共聚物的合成

采用三硫代碳酸双(α,α′-二甲基-α″乙酸)酯作为可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合的链转移剂,制备了一系列具有不同相对分子质量,且相对分子质量分布较窄的聚苯乙烯均聚物.以得到的末端冠有链转移剂活性基团的聚苯乙烯作为大分子链转移剂,与丙烯酸乙酯(EA),丙烯酸丁酯(BA),甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)和甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)4种单体分别进行嵌段聚合反应;通过一步投料,合成了聚苯乙烯-聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯类的两亲性三嵌段共聚物.使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、1 H-NMR对共聚物进行表征.