PdCo/C氧还原催化剂及其抗甲醇性能(英文)

以柠檬酸钠为络合剂,在乙二醇体系中采用有机溶胶法制备出了PdCo/C催化剂,XRD研究结果表明催化剂具有面心立方结构,粒度小,分散性好,同时元素钴的加入使催化剂的Pd-Pd间距缩小。采用电化学方法评价了催化剂对于氧气还原反应的活性,结果表明:PdCo/C催化剂具有比Pd/C要好的氧还原活性,同时具有Pt/C催化剂无法比拟的抗甲醇中毒能力。     

Pt／C电催化剂碳载体热处理条件和性能研究

采用浸溃还原法，优化碳载体热处理条件，制备出具有高分散性、平均粒径为3．3nm的Pt／C电催化剂．通过TEM、XRD方法对催化剂进行结构表征；利用Pt／C薄膜电极结合CV法评价了电催化剂的性能，测试结果表明，采用Vulcan XC-72碳黑，在600℃下、氮气(或氩气)中进行热处理，所制得的Pt／C电催化剂对氧还原反应具有良好的电催化活性。     

烷基苯酚加氢制烷基环己醇的Pd/C催化剂的制备

改进了用于垸基苯酚加氢制备烷基环己醇(酮)的Pd／C催化剂的制备方法，考察了影响催化剂活性的主要因素，研究了Pd／C催化刺的再生方法．结果表明，以大孔径活性炭为载体，活性组分和助剂用浸渍法负载，以K2CO3为水解沉淀剂，HCHO和CH3OH混合溶液为还原剂，液相还原，水解还原一步进行，可以制备出高活性的用于烷基苯酚加氢制烷基环已醇(酮)的Pd／C催化剂；失活的Pd／C催化剂经乙酸处理，二氧化碳吹扫．氢气还原，可恢复原催化剂活性的77％．     

预沉淀法制备直接甲醇燃料电池的Pt-Fe/C阴极催化剂

用预沉淀法制备了炭载Pt—Fe（Pt—Fe／C）和炭载Pt（Pt／C）催化剂．发现Pt—Fe／C催化剂对氧还原的电催化活性比Pt／C催化剂高,但对甲醇氧化的电催化活性比Pt／C催化剂差．即使在电解液中有甲醇存在时,Pt—Fe／C催化剂对氧还原的电催化活性仍比Pt／C催化剂高．所以,Pt—Fe／C催化剂适合于用作直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）中的阴极催化剂．     

炭负载Co-Mo催化剂的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能研究

利用X射线衍射及程序升温还原技术，对等体积浸渍法制备的Co-Mo/AC催化剂进行了表征。采用高压微反装置、以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，在一定的温度和空速下对催化剂进行了加氢脱硫活性评价。X射线衍射表征结果表明，柱状活性炭具有良好的担载催化剂活性组分的能力，活性组分在载体表面能很好地分散，因而只检测到部分活性组分很弱的衍射峰。在120℃和260℃条件下处理的催化剂表面物种主要是MoO3，没有发现含Co的物种和CoMoO复合氧化物的衍射峰；500℃焙烧处理的催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO2。程序升温还原表征结果表明，Co-Mo／AC催化剂表面物种的还原温度低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂。加氢脱硫活性评价结果表明，催化剂的还原特性和加氢脱硫活性有一定的对应关系。在Co-Mo/AC体系中，Co与Mo原子比为0．7的催化剂的加氢脱硫活性高于γ-Al2O3负载的Co-Mo催化剂；而Co与Mo原子比为0.2，0．35和0．5的Co-Mo／AC催化剂的加氢脱硫活性却低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂。     

制备方法对钯碳催化剂表面性质及其加氢性能影响

采用浸渍法制备Pd/C催化剂,考察了浸渍方法、还原方法和条件对催化剂活性的影响,用XRD及XPS对催化剂进行表征,并用对苯二甲酸加氢精制体系进行活性评价,与工业上使用的进口Pd/C催化剂进行比较.结果表明：采用EDTA处理载体后,再分2次浸渍PdCl2溶液制备的0.5%Pd/C催化剂,表面Pd的摩尔分数可达8%以上,但对催化剂活性影响不显著;还原温度过高会使H2还原法制备出的催化剂中Pd晶粒变大,导致催化剂活性降低;采用甲酸钠还原和250℃下H2还原方法有利于提高催化剂活性.     

羰基簇合物途径制备的碳载Pt-Co催化剂阴极抗甲醇性能

通过Pt和Co羰基簇合物途径制备了碳载Pt—Co(Pt-Co／C)复合催化剂．其金属粒子的平均粒径小．相对结晶度很低．与商业化的E-TEK Pt／C催化剂相比,该催化剂具有较好的抗甲醇性能和电催化氧还原活性．     

硝基苯气相加氢催化剂Cu／SiO2的改性研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了不同配比的Cu-Cr／SiO2催化剂，采用程序升温（TPR）结合X射线衍射（XRD）手段考察了Cu—Cr／SiO2催化剂中CuO的还原行为，并对其催化活性进行了评价。结果表明，助剂Cr2O3的加入使催化荆在还原时提高了Cu微晶的分散度，阻止了新生铜微晶的迁移及烧结，使催化剂的活性及稳定性增大。当Cu／Cr质量比为6：4时，硝基苯加氢转化率及选择性最高。     

催化剂制备方法对催化活性的影响

采用浸渍-还原和浸渍-焙烧-还原两种方法制备了Fe／TiO2和Ni／MgO／Al2O3催化剂,分别比较了它们在CO2加氢制低碳烃、CO2与CH4重整制合成气反应中的催化活性,结果表明：与浸渍-焙烧-还原相比,浸渍-还原制备的催化剂显示出更好的催化活性,基于对催化剂表面结构的认识,提出催化剂还原过程的表面结构模型,并解释了制备方法对催化剂反应活性的影响长质。     

CO选择性氧化催化剂K—Pt／γ—A12O3催化剂的TPD／TPR研究

用TPD和TPR技术考察了K的添加对CO选择性氧化催化剂Pt／γ-A12O3的表面吸附性能及还原性能的影响，结合催化剂的活性进行了讨论．结果表明，添加适量K2O有助于增加弱吸附态CO的数量，并影响Pt的还原过程，使Pt变得难于还原．当ω(K2O)＝3．4％时，CO的低温脱附量最大，催化剂还原温度最低．同时，120℃时转化率可达到90％以上．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with