绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的优化制备

以马来酸酐为原料制备聚天冬氨酸,并对聚合反应的质量配比、聚合温度和聚合时间三个反应条件进行了优化实验,对最优条件下合成的PASP与其它阻垢剂进行了性能对比。结果表明:合成PASP的最佳条件是:原料质量配比为1∶1.1,聚合温度为160℃,聚合时间为1h,阻垢率可以达到95%以上,生物降解性能达到70%。     

造纸用石油树脂的合成

讨论了以顺丁烯二酸酐和石油裂解副产C9馏分为原料,采用热聚合法合成造纸用含羧基石油树脂过程中原料配比、聚合温度、聚合时间、C9馏分的不同组成对产率及产品性能的影响。提出了最佳合成工艺条件为C9馏分与顺丁烯二酸酐的质量配比为100∶9￣100∶15,聚合温度为230￣260℃,聚合时间为4￣16h。     

脂肪族高效减水剂的合成工艺

以甲醛、丙酮和亚硫酸钠为主要原料合成了脂肪族羟基磺酸盐高效减水剂。研究了原料配比、亚硫酸钠浓度、聚合温度以及聚合时间对产物分散性能的影响,确定了合成脂肪族羟基磺酸盐高效减水剂的优化工艺条件。优化的工艺条件是:n(丙酮)∶n(甲醛)∶n(亚硫酸钠)=1∶2∶0.4,聚合温度是90℃,聚合时间是3h。在此工艺条件下,掺量为1%产物的净浆流动度为145 mm,减水率达到了11%,固含量达到了25%。     

乙酸苯酯合成新方法研究

采用自制的催化剂，运用条件实验法，以苯酚、乙酐为原料，直接酯化合成乙酸苯酯，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量、精馏温度等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成乙酸苯酸的最佳工艺条件是反应温度135－145℃，反应时间90min，苯酚与乙酐物质的量比为1．00：1．05，催化剂用量为占体系总量的0．03％，精馏温度194－196℃，在此条件下，乙酸苯酯的收率达到98．7％。     

间接法合成水杨酸苯酯的研究

以水杨酸、苯酚和三氯氧磷为原料间接法合成了水杨酸苯酯,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件．合成水杨酸苯酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度80℃、反应时间2．5h,n（水杨酸）：n（苯酚）为1：1．25,n（水杨酸）：n（三氯氧磷）为l：0．58,水杨酸苯酯的产率可达到95．71％以上,纯度达到98．5％．     

三苯基乙腈的合成

以三苯基氯甲烷和氰化亚铜为原料合成了三苯基乙腈。并通过对原料配比、反应温度和反应时间的研究，得到了较佳的合成工艺条件：三苯基氯甲烷与氰化亚铜的最佳摩尔比为1：1．3，反应温度为130℃，反应时间为2．5小时。产物经分离提纯后，产率可达79．30％，并对其进行TLC分析、红外光谱分析，证明了合成方法的可行性。     

氨基磺酸催化合成甲酸环己酯

用氨基磺酸为催化剂，实现了甲酸与环己醇反应合成甲酸环己酯。考察了催化荆用量，原料配比．酯化时间，带水剂种类等因素对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳反应条件，最佳条件为n（醇）：n（酸）：1：2，催化剂用量为醇质量的5．3％，反应时间为1．Oh，产率可这80．7％，催化剂具有可循环使用等优点。     

粉煤灰基絮凝剂PAFSi的制备

以粉煤灰为原料制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁（PAFSi），考察了Al／Fe，Si／（Al＋Fe），聚合温度、时间及pH值对絮凝剂性能的影响，确定了制备的最佳工艺条件：Si／（Al＋Fe）为2：1；Al：Fe为3：1；聚合温度为50℃，聚合时间为2h．用于处理模拟低浊度废水取得了较好的效果．     

大孔树脂负载金属离子催化合成尿囊素

以乙二醛和尿素为原料，用FeSO4-H2O2催化氧化合成乙醛酸．将所得乙醛酸溶液在不经分离及大孔树脂负载的Ce(SO4)2固体酸催化剂存在的情况下，与尿素缩合制备尿囊素，实验考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂重复使用次数等因素对收率的影响．确定了最佳工艺条件，乙二醛氧化制乙醛酸的最佳工艺条件为反应温度15～20℃，n(乙二醛)：n(H2O2)=1：1．1，乙醛酸收率达82％．缩合反应的最佳工艺条件为Ce(SO。)2／大孔树脂催化剂用量为投料量的2％(质量比)，原料配比n(乙二醛)：n(尿素)=1：2．5，反应温度80℃，反应时间4h，产品尿囊素的收率可达54％，催化剂可重复使用11次以上。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成甘油三乙酸酯的研究

以乙酸、甘油为原料,直接酯化合成甘油三乙酸酯,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成甘油三乙酸酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度92～98℃;反应时间5h;n(乙酸)：n(甘油)为4．5：1．0;催化剂用量为总物料质量的0．9％;带水剂苯用量为15mL(甘油为0．15mol的情况下)。甘油三乙酸酯的收率达到92．30％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has