微波条件下抽提煤的实验研究

在微波辅助下,以神府煤为研究对象,四氢呋喃、乙醇、甲醇为溶剂,考察了抽提温度、时间、溶剂量及煤粒度对抽提率的影响,结果显示:上述3种沸点不同的溶剂抽提率达到其最佳值所需要的溶剂量及煤粒度相差不大但抽提温度有所不同;同时探讨了以四氢呋喃、丙酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,对不同变质程度煤的微波辅助抽提效果,结果是变质程度相似的煤在相同抽提条件下抽提率不同。运用红外光谱现代分析技术,对神府脱灰煤和溶剂抽提后的残煤进行结构对比分析,结果表明抽提并没有破坏煤的大分子结构。     

微波辐射条件下两种煤的萃取规律

针对去除兖州煤和神府煤中的含氧化合物同时富集芳烃与脂肪烃类化合物的问题.通过在微波辐射条件下采用不同溶剂分别萃取的方法加以研究,力图寻找一条比较简捷、实用而且萃取效果较好的方法.分别以二硫化碳、丙酮和四氢呋喃(THF)作为溶剂,在微波辐射条件下对兖州煤和神府煤各自进行了萃取,并利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术对萃取物进行了分析.结果表明:兖州煤和神府煤在微波辐射条件下的变化规律不同,可初步确定在微波辐射条件下除去煤中含氧化合物的萃取路线.总结出了两种煤溶剂萃取规律,并研究微波与煤炭间的相互作用机理,探讨了微波萃取机理.     

神府煤萃取物组成结构的特征分析

采用苯、甲醇、丙酮、等体积的CS2与丙酮的混合溶剂和四氢呋喃依次萃取神府煤,得到其萃取物E1～E5,并采用钌离子催化氧化法氧化各级萃取物,所得氧化产物经重氮甲烷酯化后再进行GC/MS分析,以产物组成结构的差异来推测各级萃取物组成结构的差异.结果表明,神府煤萃取物所得酯化产物的主要成分是烷酸甲酯和烷二酸二甲酯,推测其萃取物中含有大量的烷基芳烃和α, ω-二芳基烷烃;且随着溶剂极性的增强,其萃取物氧化后的酯化产物中,烷酸甲酯和烷二酸二甲酯的碳链长度呈一定的递增趋势,推测神府煤中长链烷基芳烃和α, ω-二芳基烷烃易溶于极性较强的溶剂;在氧化产物中还检测出19种甾烷酸甲酯、萜烷酸甲酯和霍烷酸甲酯,表明神府煤萃取物中含有与芳环相连的甾烷基、萜烷基和霍烷基结构.     

两种烟煤微波辅助萃取所得CS2萃取物的GC/MS分析

以CS2作为溶剂，在微波辐射条件下对兖州煤和神府煤进行了萃取，并利用气相色谱／质谱联用(GC／MS)技术对萃取物进行了分析。结果表明：萃取物主要由芳烃和脂肪烃组成，其中芳烃占优势。在兖州煤的萃取物中芳烃主要是萘系化合物，而在神府煤的萃取物中检测出的芳烃以3，4，5，6-四甲基菲为主；在兖州煤的萃取物检测出多种异构烷烃，而在神府煤中只检测出一种异构烷烃。     

三种烟煤的超临界萃取研究

以甲苯为溶剂在半连续装置上对神府、抚顺和大同三种年轻烟煤进行了超临界萃取研究。结果表明：提高系统压力或溶剂流量均可使萃取物生成速率和萃取率提高。通过对萃取结果和热重分析的比较，可以认为煤的超临界萃取实质上是一种在超临界流体保护下的煤热解，而且在这一过程中自由基碎片从煤到流体的扩散是速度控制步骤。对所得数据进行了动力学处理，认为这三种煤的萃取过程均可按温度区间分两段用二级反应来描述。     

微波协同丙酮对煤抽提的研究

微波条件下,以丙酮为溶剂,研究了微波/丙酮协同的抽提结果.采用气相色谱/质谱联用方法分析了提取物的化学组成;利用高分辨率13C固体核磁技术分析了神府脱矿物质煤.分析结果显示微波/丙酮协同抽提神府煤使丙酮更易与煤中含羟基(或酚羟基)基团活性点的位置作用.     

微波萃取法提取豆渣中大豆异黄酮工艺研究

为优化豆渣中大豆异黄酮的提取工艺,以乙醇为溶剂,采用微波辅助萃取法,选取乙醇浓度、提取温度、微波萃取时间、固液比作为考察条件,结果表明,豆渣中大豆异黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,提取温度60℃,微波萃取时间40 min,固液比1∶10～1∶12之间。     

淮南煤焦CS_2-丙酮萃取物的GC/MS分析

用等体积的CS2-丙酮混合溶剂萃取了不同热解温度和时间得到的淮南煤焦,用GC/MS法分析了煤焦的萃取物的组成.结果表明:在较高热解温度和用较长热解时间得到的煤焦在CS2-丙酮混合溶剂中的萃取率较低;萃取物主要由长链烷烃、芳烃和含杂原子化合物组成;热解速率对煤焦中芳烃的缩合度有重要影响,在相同热解温度下,慢速煤焦中芳环的缩合程度高于快速煤焦.     

煤的CS2-NMP萃取物组成分析与萃取动力学

利用二硫化碳（CS2）和N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）混合溶剂对神府东胜煤样进行了超声萃取，并用丙酮对萃取物进行溶解。利用GC／MS分析研究了其萃取物的族组成，对其原煤及萃余煤进行了红外光谱分析，并对萃取动力学特征进行了探讨。结果表明：萃取过程阶段性明显；萃取物中烷烃和芳烃含量较高，另外还含有多种含氧、氮和硫的杂环化合物；原煤和萃余煤红外光谱具有明显差异。     

微波辅助下锡林浩特褐煤的CS_2-丙酮萃取物组成分析

在微波辅助下用等体积的CS2-丙酮为溶剂对锡林浩特褐煤进行萃取,萃取物用GC/MS分析.结果表明:萃取物中共检测到70种有机化合物,可分类为烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、酚类、醛类、酮类、脂肪酸、酯类和含氮化合物.含氮化合物含量和种类均为最多,共26种含氮化合物,相对含量为54.36%,推测因为CS2和丙酮之间存在缔合关系,促使含氮化合物从煤中被萃取出来.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that