酸性条件下合成介孔氧化硅的孔结构及其调湿性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂,采用酸性常温法制备介孔氧化硅材料SH,通过添加TMB扩孔剂对其进行改性得到SH TMB,分别测试其吸湿、放湿性能,并采用小角度XRD、TEM、B.E.T.等测试手段研究其孔结构、比表面积和孔径分布等,分析微观形貌与其调湿性能之间的关系。结果表明:酸性条件下合成的介孔氧化硅SH有着很好的吸湿放湿性能,并且添加TMB后其湿度调节能力增大。     

蜂窝状微孔结构改性聚酯纤维的吸放湿性能研究

对蜂窝状微孔结构改性聚酯纤维的吸湿和放湿性能进行了研究。通过测试该新型纤维和普通聚酯纤维在标准大气条件下的吸湿、放湿回潮率,绘制出吸湿、放湿曲线,并得到2种纤维达到吸湿、放湿平衡的过程中回潮率对时间的回归方程。结果显示,蜂窝状微孔结构改性聚酯纤维的回潮率和初始吸湿和放湿速率远高于普通聚酯纤维的相应性能,具有优良的吸湿排汗性能。     

辅助模板剂对EISA法制备硅基介孔材料的影响

采用EISA法,以PEG为主模板剂,根据辅助模板剂添加情况的不同,分别制备出S-N-A-T,S-NH3,S-TMAOH3种不同的硅基介孔材料.用X线衍射、氮气吸附脱附以及红外光谱等手段对3种材料进行了表征,在此基础上,通过吸附实验对比材料的吸附性能.表征结果显示,添加辅助模板剂后扩孔作用显著,大大改善产物的介孔结构,因此EISA法中添加辅助模板剂非常必要.其中以TMAOH为辅助模板剂合成的样品S-TMAOH介孔短程有序,各参数最佳.吸附研究表明,S-TMAOH对铅离子的吸附性能明显高于S-N-A-T和S-NH3,其吸附量受溶液pH值影响,在pH值为6.0时吸附容量最大.以TMAOH为辅助模板剂,制备的S-TMAOH材料对铅离子具有良好的吸附性和再生性.     

EKS纤维与腈纶纤维的结构及性能对比研究

EKS纤维是一种具有显著吸湿发热性能的亚丙烯酸盐系纤维。对比了EKS纤维和腈纶纤维的表面形态，测试与分析了两种纤维的力学性能、摩擦性能、比电阻、卷曲性能、吸放湿性能及吸湿发热性能。结果表明，相比于腈纶纤维，EKS纤维横截面为圆形，纵向结构粗糙，具有断裂强度、摩擦系数、比电阻和卷曲率小，线密度、断裂伸长率和回潮率大等特点。EKS纤维的吸、放湿速率随时间呈指数形式衰减，纤维的初始吸、放湿速率分别为0.39%min^-1、8.94%min^-1,达到吸、放湿平衡所用时间比腈纶纤维长。EKS纤维具有较好的吸湿发热性，吸湿发热最高升温值为8.2℃,比腈纶纤维高4.7℃。     

介孔分子筛的研究进展

介孔分子筛具有均一可调的介孔孔径、较高的比表面积等一系列优异特性,成为当今国际上研究热点之一.文中从介孔分子筛的性能、合成、改性以及应用等方面进行了综述和展望.结合我们课题组的研究工作,对目前研究较多的介孔分子筛的合成方法,如水热法、室温合成法、微波辐射法等进行了概括,同时还概述了模板剂在分子筛合成中的应用以及以稻壳为原料制备介孔分子筛的研究情况.重点讨论了在提高介孔分子筛酸性和水热稳定性方面的研究工作,为研究以稻壳为硅源来制备介孔分子筛以及对分子筛的改性提供了一些思路与方向.     

硅源对介孔分子筛结构、性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、气相白炭黑(fumed-silica)、硅溶胶为无机组装源,以CTAB为模板剂分别于碱性与酸性介质中组装介孔分子筛.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面测试、29Si MAS NMR等分析方法对所合成介孔材料进行表征,考察了无机硅源对所组装的介孔结构的有序度和水热稳定性的影响.实验结果表明:碱性介质中所组装的介孔结构的有序度与水热稳定性由高到低顺序为硅溶胶,fumed-silica,TEOS;晶化温度从120℃提高到150℃,fumed-silica为硅源的介孔结构从六方相转化为立方相,而硅溶胶为硅源的则不变;酸性介质中3种硅源均可以组装出有序度较高的介孔材料,其有序度由高到低顺序为硅溶胶,fumed-silica,TEOS,并且fumed-silicac有序度远高于TEOS.     

六方介孔硅基分子筛SBA-3合成条件的优化与表征

采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-热差分析方法，考察了合成物体系中表面活性剂与硅源的量之比、反应温度、晶化时间、酸度及共溶剂等反应条件对SBA-3硅基介孔分子筛合成过程中结晶度、比表面积及热稳定性的影响，并筛选出较佳的反应条件。结果表明，以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂时，表面活性剂与硅源的量之比在0．12～1．2时，均可得到六方相介孔材料。最佳合成条件：较强酸性介质(pH值为-0．6)、反应温度为0℃、晶化时间为24h。对共溶剂的考察发现，三甲基苯有较好的扩孔性能，其加入量与表面活性剂的加入量之比为1时，能合成出比表面积高达1200m^2／g、晶形较好的SBA-3介孔材料。     

硅酸铁调湿材料的微观结构与吸放湿性能分析

以硅酸钠和氯化铁溶液为原料制备硅酸铁调湿材料,采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET等技术对所制调湿材料进行表征,并测定其吸放湿性能。结果表明,所制硅酸铁调湿材料呈无定形结构,其比表面积和孔容较大、平均孔径较小;硅酸钠的模数影响调湿材料在低湿环境下的吸湿性能,由模数为1的硅酸钠所制硅酸铁调湿材料具有较好的自调湿性能;硅酸铁调湿材料在20℃和相对湿度为84%的环境下吸湿容量高达120%,吸湿平衡时间约为240h;在相对湿度为84%下达到吸湿平衡的材料在相对湿度为32%的环境下放湿90h左右可达到放湿平衡,在50℃恒温干燥放湿5h可实现完全放湿;所制硅酸铁调湿材料具有吸湿量大和吸放湿速率快的特性,其性能明显优于硅胶和分子筛等传统的调湿材料。     

固体卤化物的抑尘性能

用试验方法分别测定了含ＮａＣｌ，ＣａＣｌ２，ＭｇＣｌ２３种卤化物的粉尘试样在自然环境中昼夜周期吸湿、放湿的行为，并统计分析了试样吸湿率与吸湿剂含量、空气中的温度、湿度等因素之间的关系．其研究结果对卤化物抑制路面、地面和各种散体堆放场等的扬尘具有重要的实际意义．     

纳米TiO2介孔材料研究进展

纳米TiO2介孔材料特殊的结构及性能使其在光催化、太阳能电池等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.介绍了介孔材料的合成机理,综述了纳米TiO2介孔材料的各种合成方法,包括溶胶凝胶法、水热合成法、常压液相法等.最后介绍了在制备介孔TiO2过程中模板剂的脱除方法,同时就掺杂对纳米TiO2介孔材料性能的影响及其发展前景进行了讨论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the