新型水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及其性能影响因素的研究

采用预聚法合成了一新型的水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了配方中异氰酸酯基和羟基的物质的量的比(-NCO/-OH)、反应温度、羧基含量对水性聚氨酯的粘度、粒径和吸水率等性能的影响。表明,随着-NCO/-OH比的增大,粘度下降,粒径增加,吸水率下降;预聚反应温度越高,越快达到异氰酸酯基的理论值,但是温度越高越易发生副反应;随着羧基含量的增加,粘度升高,粒径起初下降,最终趋于平衡,吸水率升高。     

水性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究

以异氰酸酯和多元醇为原料，合成了聚氨酯预聚体，经过扩链反应制备了自乳化水性聚氨酯聚合物。通过水兮散工艺得到水性聚氨酯乳液。测定了合成过程中异氰酸酯基（-NCO）的含量，使用红外光谱对合成的水性聚氨酯聚合物进行了结构表征，实验研究了水性聚氨酯乳液的性能变化等关系。     

NCO含量对潜固化型单组分聚氨酯材料性能的影响

以甲苯二异氰酸酯与聚四氢呋喃多元醇为原料合成了端异氰酸酯预聚物,以Incozol 4为潜固化剂制备了不同异氰酸酯基含量的单组分聚氨酯材料。通过红外光谱分析、动态力学分析、热重和机械强度分析等方法,考察了异氰酸酯基含量对单组分聚氨酯材料性能的影响。结果表明：随着异氰酸酯基含量的升高,单组分聚氨酯材料的阻尼因子峰值不断降低,玻璃化转变温度升高(向高温方向偏移);材料的热分解温度下降且温度范围变宽;材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率均升高,而吸水率呈下降趋势。     

水性双组分聚氨酯柔感涂料的制备及性能

以自制聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯为原料分别合成含羟基端水性聚氨酯及水性聚氨酯,并以亲水性脂肪族聚异氰酸酯为固化剂,添加适量助剂配制水性双组分聚氨酯柔感涂料.考察了聚酯多元醇的相对分子质量、二羟基丙酸(DMPA)的用量、-OH/-NCO比例等与涂料的稳定性、铅笔硬度、附着力、柔韧性、耐水性、耐溶剂性、耐化学品性、耐刮伤性以及耐化妆品性之间的关系.研究结果发现:合成水性聚氨酯分散体所用的聚酯多元醇的相对分子质量为2 000,DMPA质量分数为6%,合成羟基端水性聚氨酯分散体中-OH/-NCO=1.6,固化过程中-NCO/-OH=1.5～1.6时,涂料的综合性能最好.     

非离子水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及性质

用预聚体分散法合成了非离子型水性聚氨酯乳液,并用红外光谱对合成的聚氨酯进行了结构表征.探讨了加料方式对预聚体乳液性能的影响、预聚反应温度对体系粘度和后期乳化的影响乳、化温度对乳化效果的影响、催化剂用量对反应速率的影响.还探讨了预聚反应比、亲水性基团含量等因素对乳液稳定性和乳胶膜性能的影响.并得到了综合性能较好的非离子型水性聚氨酯乳液.     

水性双组分聚氨酯涂料活化期研究

采用羟基丙烯酸分散体(PAD)和羟基丙烯酸乳液(PAE)与亲水改性HDI聚异氰酸酯固化剂配制水性双组分聚氨酯涂料(2KWPU)。傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）表明PAE-2KWPU涂膜的异氰酸酯基团（-NCO）消耗速率较PAD-2KWPU缓慢。考察了PAE和PAD配制2KWPU在活化期内的变化规律,结果表明：在活化期内PAD与固化剂的混合物随贮存时间延长其粘度不断下降,涂膜的起泡程度逐渐增加,涂膜硬度、光泽、耐水性和耐化学性没有明显变化。PAE与固化剂的混合物随贮存时间的延长,粘度先下降后升高,其粘度的变化受NCO/OH摩尔比的影响,涂膜硬度先降低又增加。在活化期内2KWPU的乳液粒径均没有明显变化。     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与聚酯二元醇和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)反应制得聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液,讨论了-NCO与-OH摩尔比值、反应温度、扩链剂种类及催化剂等对水性聚氨酯乳液及其涂膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:较好的反应条件为初始-NCO与-OH摩尔比值2.6～4.0之间,反应温度80℃。在此反应条件下,采用二月桂酸二丁基锡/三乙胺复合催化剂及二乙烯三胺/乙二胺复合扩链剂可以得到具有良好储存稳定性、耐水性和物理性能的聚酯型水性聚氨酯。     

聚氨酯改性环氧树脂水分散体的合成

通过异氰酸酯基与羟基的反应,将醚键和羧基接入到环氧树脂分子骨架中,同时对环氧树脂进行亲水改性和增韧改性,中和成盐并水分散,合成了聚氨酯改性环氧树脂水分散体.讨论了OH/NCO值、聚醚二元醇含量、羧基含量和中和度等因素对水分散体及涂膜的影响.结果发现OH/NCO值增大,分散体外观改善,粘度下降,但涂膜吸水率增大,柔韧性下降;Diol 1 000含量的增加,乳液外观逐渐变透明,与固化剂的相容性也逐渐变好,涂膜光泽度增大,但硬度降低;-COOH含量增大,水分散体的稳定性增强;羧基中和度的增大,分散体粘度总体上呈上升趋势.     

水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与表征

为开发高性能且环保的丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液,以甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为主要原料,采用原位乳液聚合法,先制得水性聚氨酯预聚物／乙烯基单体混合物,然后加入引发剂,经自由基乳液聚合得到聚氨酯一丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液,并对影响复合乳液性能的因素进行了探讨．研究发现,PUA复合乳液的性能及外观与-NCO／-OH比（物质的量比,下同）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）含量以及中和度等密切相关．当n（-NCO）：n（-OH）=1．3～1．4,-COOH质量分数在2．6％左右．中和度为90％～100％时,所得PUA复合乳液的外观好、性能佳．     

水性聚氨酯类湿摩擦牢度提升剂的合成与应用研究

以聚醚多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙烯三胺为主要原料,合成了水性聚氨酯湿摩擦牢度提升剂,并对其合成条件影响因素进行了探讨.实验结果表明:合成水性聚氨酯提升剂的最佳的预聚反应温度为75℃,R值(-NCO/-OH的物质的量比)为2.5,亲水性扩链剂的用量为3.92％.用此提升剂对染色棉布进行耐湿摩擦牢度测试,得出了最佳的整理工艺,结果表明:该提升剂能够有效地提高染色织物的湿摩擦深度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that