微乳汽油的形成原理和配制技术

讨论了单一表面活性剂（ 正、负、非离子表面活性剂） 、混合表面活性剂（ 负与非、正与非、正与负离子表面活性剂） 、助溶剂（ 中碳醇、胺、醚） 等对油水微乳状液的形成和相行为的影响． 探讨了从表面活性剂效率、微乳状液稳定温度、表面活性剂的分解燃烧等角度选择理想的表面活性剂、助溶剂等以形成掺水汽油微乳状液的具体方法． 提出了微乳汽油浓缩的思路, 使掺水汽油微乳过程简单实用、安全可靠     

掺水汽油微乳状液的加溶和相平衡

研究了掺水汽油微乳状液中表面活性剂、辅助表面活性剂(醇)、盐(NaCl)浓度对水加溶量和相平衡的作用。实验表明,加溶量与汽油型号关系不大,而与表面活性剂、醇及其用量有关,适当浓度的盐可以增加水的加溶量。     

汽油乳化技术及其对脱硫的影响

探讨了汽油乳化体系中,正丁醇加入量、表面活性剂与正丁醇的比例、表面活性剂复配对形成乳化汽油的影响,并对制得的乳化汽油进行脱硫性能测试。采用熔融喷雾工艺自行制备得到金属间化合物SnSb,作为汽油脱硫功能材料。在常温常压下,用SnSb脱除乳化汽油中的硫,结果表明,表面活性剂、正丁醇、掺水量在合适比例下所形成的乳化汽油最稳定,此时脱硫率也最高,对汽油中的硫单程脱除率最大可达45％以上。     

表面活性剂和固体粒子对动态界面剪切粘度的影响

对表面活性剂和固体粒子参与形成的油水界面膜的动态界面剪切粘度性质进行了研究．结果表明非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚（polyoxyethylene（4）nonyl phenyl ether）、阴离子表面活性剂油酸钠在0．04％（质量分数）浓度下其界面剪切粘度随时问延长而逐渐降低，然后趋向恒定；而蒙脱土界面剪切粘度随时间延长而逐渐上升，然后趋向恒定．     

乳状液膜法分离醋酸水溶液的实验研究

对采用Span80-油酸复合表面活性剂制取乳状液膜分离醋酸水溶液进行了实验研究．实验结果表明，复合表面活性剂配比为1：1，表面活性剂用量为5％，乳水比为1：2时，其分离率可达90％以上．结合实验结果，分析了复合表面活性剂配比、表面活性剂用量以及乳水比对分离率的影响．     

废纸脱墨及H_2O_2漂白的研究

本试验分别以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、油酸钠等表面活性剂用于废纸脱墨,并对脱墨后的废纸浆进行了Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白。结果表明,在废纸浆中加入２％ ＮａＯＨ、３．５％ Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３、１％ Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ 和１％ 的以油酸钠为主要成分的脱墨剂,废纸脱墨成本低、效果好。浆样在Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白后白度为８９．６％ ＳＢＤ,脱墨率可达到９２％ 。     

阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能测定

以油酸、Ｎ－（２－羟乙基）乙二胺和氯乙醇为原料，经酰胺化、环化和季铵化，合成了一种二羟乙基油酸基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂，测试了其表面张力、临界胶束浓度（Ｃ． Ｍ． Ｃ．）、泡沫性能、溶解性和润湿力等，并对合成介质和产物结构做了讨论。     

在油酸钠分散体系中用平炉尘制备超细Fe3O4

包头钢铁公司的平炉尘含铁量高．粒径微细，以γ-Fe2O3为主．经过提纯分级可以作为生产超细磁性材料的原料．研究了平炉尘在油酸钠分散条件下制备超细Fe3O4．结果表明．加入表面活性剂可以降低超微粒子的表面能，减少其团聚倾向．得到粒径更细且均匀的超细Fe3O4粉末．     

3种不同物质的动态界面剪切粘度研究

用日本协和界面剪切粘度计测定了壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚、油酸钠及固体颗粒的动态界面剪切粘度。结果表明，非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚、阴离子表面活性剂油酸钠在适当浓度下，其界面剪切粘度随时间延长而逐渐降低，最后趋向稳定；固体颗粒蒙脱土界面剪切粘度随时间延长而逐渐上升，然后趋向平衡。这说明不同物质形成的油水界面剪切粘度的动态变化明显不同。     

油酸/氨水-醇-汽油-水微乳体系拟三元相图的分析

制备了油酸/氨水-汽油-醇-水微乳液系列,并采用拟三元相图对此微乳体系进行了研究。结果表明,助表面活性剂醇的种类对微乳汽油的微乳区面积及水最大增溶量具有很大影响,其中正丁醇体系的微乳区面积及水的增溶量最大。另外体系中汽油含量增大及环境温度的升高均导致体系微乳区面积和水增溶量的减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with