Magnaporthe oryzae MTP1 gene encodes a type III transmembrane protein involved in conidiation and conidial germination

In this study the MTP1 gene, encoding a type III integral transmembrane protein, was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mtp 1 protein is 520 amino acids long and is comparable to the Ytp 1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 46% sequence similarity. Prediction programs and MTP1-GFP （green fluorescent protein） fusion expression results indicate that Mtp 1 is a protein located at several membranes in the cytoplasm. The functions of the MTP1 gene in the growth and development of the fungus were studied using an MTP1 gene knockout mutant. The MTP1 gene was primarily expressed at the hyphal and conidial stages and is necessary for conidiation and conidial germination, but is not required for pathogenicity. The Amtpl mutant grew more efficiently than the wild type strain on non-fermentable carbon sources, implying that the MTP1 gene has a unique role in respiratory growth and carbon source use.     

N-terminal of L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus contains a new signal sequence

The L protein (241kD) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the most important snbnnit of the replication complex. The existence of specific localization signal in the L protein was investigated by making recombinant constructs expressing truncated mutants of the L protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transient transfection assays. The chimeric genes encoding varied N-terminal of L and GFP gene were put under the control of T7 promoter or CMV promoter. The fusion proteins were transiently expressed in BHK-21, COS-7, CHO or Hep G2 cells. When more than 120 residues were deleted or only 96 residues were kept on the N-terminal, the fusion proteins were shown to be distributed throughout the cells, cytoplasm and nucleus under the confocal microscope. However, other chimeric proteins with 120 or more amino acids were dotted and distributed in the perinuclear regions. And the fusion protein with 96—120 aa has the similar distribution. A thirteen-residue peptide QGYSFLHEVDKEA (108—120) was identified as localization signal, whose function would be absolutely distributed with the deficiency of D or V. Our results show that there is an independent localizing signal in N-terminal domain of L protein of VSV and this functional signal is conserved in different cell lines.     

Prokaryotic expression and characterization of a pea actin isoform (PEAc1) fused to GFP

~~Prokaryotic expression and characterization of a pea actin isoform (PEAc1) fused to GFP~~     

Analysis of the Cotton E6 Promoter

An E6 gene from sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense） was expressed specifically in cotton fiber cells to transfer functions to cultivated species for better transgenic engineering. The regulatory activity of the E6 promoter region was then studied by isolating a 614-bp fragment of the 5＇-flanking region from upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum CR1-12） to produce a green fluorescent protein （GFP） reporter construct for analysis of tissue-specific expression in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Fluorescent analyses indicate that the relatively short E6 promoter is sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein expression specifically in the leaf trichomes （hair cells） of the transgenic tobacco plants. As cotton fibers are also unicellular trichomes that differentiate from epidermal cells of developing cotton ovules, the result suggests that the relatively short E6 promoter can serve as a fiber-specific expression promoter for genetic engineering to improve cotton fiber quality.     

Promoter activities of genes cpcT2 and cpcS2 in Nostoc PCC 7120

To study the promoter activities of genes cpcT 2 and cpcS 2,several upstream DNA fragments of these two genes with different lengths were selected.These fragments were fused with promoterless gfp(reporter gene) for constructing five recombinant plasmids.Then,these recombinant plasmids were transferred into Nostoc PCC 7120 by conjugation.The promoter activities of genes cpcT 2 and cpcS 2 were determined by observing the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein(GFP) with a fluorescence microscope.The result showed that the 1 300 bp(-1 300 to 0 bp) and 2 600 bp(-2 600 to 0 bp) upstream fragments of cpcT 2 had strong promoter activity and the promoter activity of the 680 bp(-680 to 0 bp) fragment was weaker than that of two above fragments of cpcT 2.The 2 000 bp(-2 000 to 0 bp) upstream fragment of cpcS 2 revealed weak promoter activity.This showed that a strong promoter of cpcT 2 was located in the upstream fragment between-680 and-1 300 bp.     

Green fluorescent protein （GFP） as a vital marker for studying the interaction of Phytophthora sojae and soybean

Transgenic Phytophthora sojae strains that produce green fluorescent protein （GFP） were obtained after stable DNA integration using the Hsp70 promoter and the Ham34 terminator of Bremia lactucae. The expression of GFP during different developmental stages of P. sojae was observed using fluorescent microscopy. Based on this reporter system, the histopathologic events caused by the pathogen in soybean leaves, hypocotyls and roots were monitored. Meanwhile, the difference in resistance between different soybean cultivars against P. sojae was analyzed microscopically in roots. The results indicate that GFP can be stably expressed in zoosporangia, zoospores, cysts, hyphae and oospores of P. sojae. Using the GFP marker, the infecting pathogens in leaves, hypocotyls and roots of host could be distinctly visualized. The germ tube length of cysts germinating on the roots of resistant cultivar Nannong 8848 was longer than that on the roots of susceptible cultivar Hefeng 35. These results show for the first time that this eukaryotic reporter can be used in P. sojae as a stable and vital marker, allowing the study of genetics of this hemibiotrophic pathogen.     

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on GO-QDs as Enhanced Fluorescent Nanoscale Device for Specific Recognition of Target Protein

In this work the enhanced molecularly imprinted optosensing material based on graphene oxide-quantum dots （ GO- QDs） was synthesized for highly selective and sensitive specific recognition of the target protein, bovine serum albumin （BSA）. Here, GO was introduced to enhance the efficiency of mass-transfer in recognition of target protein. Molecularly imprinted polymer coated GO-QDs using BSA as template （BMIP-coated GO-QDs ） exhibited a fast mass-transfer speed, which could be ascribed to the high volume of efficient surface area and high target recognition efficiency of the synthesized nanoscale device. Under optimal conditions, it was found that the BSA as target protein could remarkably quench the relative fluorescence intensity of BMIP- coated GO-QDs linearly in a concentration-dependent manner that was best described by a Stern-Volmer equation. The Ksv （Stern- Volmer constant） for template BSA was much higher than bovine hemoglobin （BHb） and lysozyme （Lyz）, implying a highly selective recognition ability of the BMIP-coated GO-QDs to BSA. This enhanced fluorescent nanoscale device may provide opportunities to develop a system that is efficient and effective and has potential in the design of highly effective fluorescent receptor for recognition of target protein in Droteomics studies.     

Gene transfer into primary cultures of fetal neural stem cells by a recombinant adenovirus carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein

Objective： To evaluate the transduction efficiency of a recombinant adenovirus carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein （Ad-GFP） into the primary cultures of fetal neural stem cells （NSCs） by the expression of GFP. Methods： The Ad-GFP was constructed by homologous recombination in bacteria with the AdEasy system; NSCs were isolated from rat fetal hippocampus and cultured as neurosphere suspensions. After infection with the recombinant Ad-GFP, NSCs were examined with a fluorescent microscopy and a flow cytometry for their expression of GFP. Results： After the viral infection, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the percentage of GFP-positive cells was as high as 97.05%. The infected NSCs sustained the GFP expression for above 4 weeks. After differentiated into astrocytes or neurons, they continued to express GFP efficiently. Conclusion： We have success- fully constructed a viral vector Ad-GFP that can efficiently infect the primary NSCs. The reporter gene was showed fully and sustained expression in the infected cells as well as their differentiated progenies.     

Expression ofChlamydomonas actin-gfp fusion gene in tobacco suspension cell and polymerization of the actin-gfp proteinin vitro

The fusion gene of actin (cDNA ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii) and green fluorescence protein (gfp) had been constructed into two expression vectors which could be expressed inE. coli and tobacco suspension cells BY2. The correct expression was observed inE. coli and BY2 with a fluorescence microscopy. The fusion protein, which took part in the membrane skeleton, was mainly located peripherally along the membrane, specially the fusion protein was distributed around nucleus and cell plate, while the fusion protein also forms F-actin in the cell. The fusion protein was purified from Bl21plus by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified production could polymerize into F-actin when the actin polymerizing buffer was added. It was demonstrated that the characteristics and function of actin inChlamydomonas was similar with those of animals and higher plants.     

PTD-Tat之C端融合在活体体内的跨膜递送作用

报道了Tat蛋白转导区域(PTD-Tat)的C端融合蛋白在线虫和小鼠体内的跨膜递送作用.将重组表达质粒pGEX-GFP-Tat在大肠杆菌中高效表达出的融合蛋白GST-GFP-Tat对小鼠腹腔注射(ip)17h后,荧光显微镜观察其心、肝和肾组织,均检测到强烈的绿色荧光,甚至该蛋白跨越了血脑屏障(BBB).此外用融合蛋白喂食线虫发现蛋白分布于线虫消化管道及其原体腔,且表现出的跨膜递送活性与喂食时间和蛋白浓度呈现正相关.该研究结果拓宽了PTD-Tat在蛋白药物递送方面的应用范围,为蛋白质疗法开辟了新的视野,并为其有效应用提供理论指导.     

马铃薯StHb1蛋白的亚细胞定位

为了研究马铃薯StHb1蛋白的亚细胞定位情况,采用RT-PCR技术克隆到马铃薯StHb1基因cDNA序列,并成功构建了StHb1基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因的融合表达载体pBI121-StHb1-GFP.利用农杆菌介导法将重组载体转化洋葱内表皮细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察融合蛋白的瞬时表达以确定StHb1蛋白在细胞内的分布.结果表明StHb1蛋白主要分布于细胞核中.     

NF-L and NF-M are expressed in epithelial cells and coassemble with keratin or vimentin

Neurofilaments (NFs) and cytokeratins are both heteropolymers, which assemble into intermediate filaments (IFs) only when other proper IF subunit proteins are expressed simultaneously. To study the assembly property of NFs, we constructed two recombinant adenovirus which could express NF-L or NF-M, fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) respectively. Then they were introduced into vero cells, and expressed fusion protein. Double labels of GFP fluorescence and immunofluorescence staining indicated that NF-L-GFP or GFP-NF-M not only coassembled with endogenous vimentins, but also coassembled with keratins into a cytoplasmic network of filaments.     

转MT工程菌的构建及其对重金属的抗性研究

利用重叠延伸PCR技术克隆金属硫蛋白(MT)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因片段,并将两基因融合连接构建重组表达载体,采用氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母,获得工程菌株.荧光显微镜观察发现,工程菌在蓝光激发下发出绿色荧光,说明GFP基因被正确表达.在培养基中加入一定浓度的铜(1.0 mmol/L,1.5 mmol/L)、铬(150 μmol/L,200 μmol/L)、镉(120 μmol/L,140 μmol/L)、砷(40 μmol/L,60 μmol/L)化合物后,对照菌生长抑制,转基因菌株长势明显好于对照菌,表现出对金属离子的耐受性,说明工程菌过表达MT能够增强宿主对重金属离子的耐受性,提高菌株耐污能力,在微生物法净化重金属废水中具有一定优势.     

活体烟草BY-2悬浮细胞微丝骨架的标记

微丝骨架是细胞骨架的重要成员,在细胞的多项生理活动中发挥着重要作用.本论文利用荧光标记鬼笔环肽技术和GFP融合蛋白技术,对活体烟草BY-2悬浮细胞中微丝骨架的标记方法进行了探索,结果表明,10nmol/L的Alexa488-Phalloidin为细胞微丝骨架标记的最佳浓度,利用PCR等技术构建pPZP-NtFABD2-GFP植物表达载体后,转化烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察发现,NtFABD2-GFP融合蛋白能够清晰地显示活体烟草悬浮细胞内的微丝骨架.这些结果为进一步深入研究微丝骨架在活体植物细胞中的功能奠定了基础.     

使用差异定位SunTag组件实现对细胞质内高含量蛋白的活细胞观察

生物过程由数百万个蛋白质驱动.蛋白质结构和蛋白质定位是蛋白质行使功能的关键.在过去的研究中,快速发展的荧光显微镜成像技术使研究人员可以直接观察蛋白质在活细胞内的定位.然而,对细胞质内高含量蛋白的活细胞观察仍然存在技术障碍.我们通过改进SunTag标记技术,使用差异定位的SunTag组件:一方面,在研究目的蛋白(POI)上标记多个V4抗原;另一方面,将识别V4抗原的抗体GCN4融合的绿色荧光蛋白(GCN4-GFP)通过差异定位后限制其与抗原的结合量.我们的方法大大降低了背景荧光信号,实现了对dynamin膜上功能单位的直接可视化.     

根癌农杆菌介导的GFP在洋葱表皮细胞定位研究

采用根癌农杆菌介导的方法,以受控于CaMV35S启动子的携带有GFP报告基因的双元植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP转化洋葱表皮细胞.荧光显微镜下观察结果显示,GFP基因在经浸染和共培养后的洋葱表皮细胞中得到了表达,绿色荧光分布在细胞核和细胞质中,为进一步研究新基因的亚细胞定位和瞬时表达奠定了基础.