塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

我国海相碳酸盐岩层系石油地质基本特征及含油气远景

中国海相碳酸盐岩层系经历了三大沉积构造演化阶段:早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系演化阶段,晚古生代海相及海陆过渡相演化阶段,中新生代海相碳酸盐岩层系改造阶段.三大阶段造就了中国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有上、下油气组合.与国外海相沉积盆地和国内陆相沉积盆地相比,我国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有形成时间早,热演化程度高,经历了长期演化和复杂的生烃与成藏过程,勘探目的层埋藏深等特点.海相碳酸盐岩层系油气富集明显受控于以下几个方面:有效烃源岩发育与空间分布;优质盖层的发育与分布.尤其是膏盐岩的分布:有利储集相带发育与分布.同时,我国大中型海相碳酸盐岩层系油气田往往发育于沉积盆地古隆起、古斜坡及构造活动枢纽部位.目前我国大中型油气田的勘探前景主要应聚焦在海相碳酸盐岩层系发育的塔里木盆地、四川盆地及周缘、鄂尔多斯盆地.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气资源丰富,具备形成大中型油气田的物质基础.在保存条件良好和有利油气聚集的部位仍可发现大规模的油气田,勘探潜力巨大.     

塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向

塔里木盆地的古生代原型盆地是叠置于前寒武纪结晶变质岩系之上的克拉道盆地．盆地内发育了不同类型的古隆起，它们是：塔中稳定古隆起、塔北残余的古隆起、塔东残余古隆起、巴楚活动古隆起和塔南活动古隆起．这些不同类型的古隆起，具有不同的构造演化历史和不同的油气藏形成条件．古隆起蕴藏着丰富的油气资源，预测资源量占盆地内总资源量的近一半．在塔里木克拉通盆地寻找大中型油气田，首要的勘探目标是塔中稳定古隆起及其北斜直线和塔北残余古隆起及其南北斜坡，前者的勘探目的层是石炭系、奥陶系、志留系和泥盆系；后者的勘探目的层是石炭系、奥陶系、寒武系、震旦系、三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系和第三系。第二勘探目标是巴楚活动古隆起及其南斜坡，塔东残余古隆起及其西斜直线和塔南活动古隆起及其西南斜坡。它们的主要勘探目的层是石炭系、侏罗系、奥陶系、志留系和第三系．     

塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位碳酸盐岩油气聚集

为了更好地指导塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩的勘探实践 ,进一步认识叠合盆地油气富集规律 ,从塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位的形成、分布以及对油气聚集的控制入手 ,剖析了碳酸盐岩油气藏的宏观分布规律 .结果表明 ,构造活动枢纽部位寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩的圈闭类型主要为潜山及背斜 ;碳酸盐岩含油气层的储集层有不整合面以下的风化壳及碳酸盐岩内部的孔缝发育带 .相对凹陷而言 ,构造活动枢纽部位处在比较高的部位 ,正是油气运移的指向区 ;而相对于翘起的高部位来说 ,构造活动枢纽部位又处在相对较低的部位 ,极有利于油气藏的保存 .塔北隆起牙哈潜山油气藏、巴楚隆起和田河气藏以及塔中隆起西北倾没部位的塔中 45油藏都是很好的例证 .由此可见 ,塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位是碳酸盐岩聚集油气的有利地区 .目前所要解决的问题是采用各种方法识别出更多隐伏的构造活动枢纽部位 ,为发现更多的油气田提供靶区     

塔里木盆地寒武纪早期地质背景及对烃源岩发育的控制

塔里木盆地寒武系油气勘探的突破很大程度上取决于烃源岩的发育和分布状况.基于古气候、生物发展的分析,认为早寒武世具有发育烃源岩的条件.寒武系沉积古地形分析显示,塔里木盆地寒武系基底存在古隆起,从台地中心到深海盆地,仍发育泻湖,这些为烃源岩的发育提供了物质条件和古地理条件,古隆起提供了泥质来源,深海盆地和闭塞海湾提供了烃源岩沉积环境,也控制了烃源岩分布.同时,围绕古隆起应该发育粗粒碎屑沉积物,是未来除白云岩和灰岩储层以外的、值得重视的另一类储层.     

塔里木盆地岩溶储层发育特征及控制因素

为研究塔里木盆地岩溶储层发育特征及控制因素,通过比较塔北地区和塔中地区储集层岩石孔隙度和渗透率,按储层成因将孔-洞-缝油藏划分为洞穴型储层、构造裂缝型储层、风化裂隙型储层、台缘礁滩相颗粒灰岩溶蚀孔隙型储层和地表残积物裂隙-孔隙(洞)型储层等5种类型.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏成藏控制因素包括:长期继承性的古隆起和古斜坡;断层和不整合面;次生孔-洞-缝储层的发育和有效盖层结合.分析表明:多源、长期成藏,早期储层改造和后期调整是塔里木盆地油藏的主要特征,并决定了资源结构和油气特性.     

塔北轮南地区油气成藏年代与成藏模式

通过包裹体分析法、伊利石测年法、露点压力 /饱和压力法、油气水界面追溯法等多种成藏年代分析方法研究认为 ,轮南地区油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点 ,且早期油藏在晚期的调整改造十分强烈 .其中古生界特别是奥陶系油藏主要为晚海西期充注、喜山期受到调整改造而形成的残余原生油藏 ,三叠—侏罗系油藏主要为奥陶系古油藏在晚喜山期调整形成的次生油藏 .造成古油藏普遍发生调整的主要原因 ,一是后期强烈的构造变动和断裂活动 ,二是晚期高—过成熟气强烈的气侵作用 .因此 ,轮南地区大中型油气田的勘探应以轮南古隆起的斜坡部位 (包括轮南西斜坡和南斜坡 )为重点 ,它们是轮南地区大中型油气田形成和保存的最有利部位     

巴楚-麦盖提地区油气动态成藏的运移通道

巴楚-麦盖提地区油气运移输导网络由断裂、不整合面、储层孔、洞、缝系统组成;通过对断裂封堵和开启性进行分析,烃类沿断裂面作s形路径运移;八期主要不整合面中T60和T55不整合面在全区为开启,T70和T54不整合面在巴楚隆起南界断裂构造带为开启.在海西和喜马拉雅两大成烃期中,该区具多期动态成藏的特点,主运移通道也存在时空上的差别:加里东中期-海西晚期之前不整合面、下寒武统白云岩孔、洞、缝系统为主通道;海西晚期-喜马拉雅期,断裂的多期活动促使早期古油气藏调整和喜马拉雅期生成的油气聚集,不整合面和断裂通道占主导,巴楚隆起西段边界断裂带为喜马拉雅晚期油气聚集调整分配区.     

塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制

塔北、巴楚和塔中隆起是塔里木盆地不同世代盆地原型结构复合的产物,对油气的分布起着重要的控制作用.其中,塔中、塔北隆起,为海西期油气运聚的主要指向区,具有良好的储盖条件,是油气重要的聚集场所.中新生代昆仑山崛起,塔西南挤榨前渊形成,致使克拉通内拗陷转化并反转形成巴楚隆起,与塔西南前渊迭加的古生代源岩构成统一的成藏系统.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区卡塔克古隆起演化和沉降-反转史

在盆地的构造演化过程中,古隆起是盆地构造演化中特定的构造,其构造演化影响着盆地的油气生成及运聚。根据地震剖面、钻井、测井等资料,对塔里木盆地塔中地区卡塔克隆起构造特征及其反转史进行研究。结果表明:卡塔克隆起多表现为基底卷入式断裂及多个Y字型断裂,花状构造样式,多数断裂断至二叠系顶面;卡塔克隆起在震旦—早奥陶世阶段为北倾斜坡,中奥陶世末期塔里木盆地由拉张转为挤压,构造反转,此时卡塔克隆起雏形基本形成,并形成了前述断裂构造样式;晚奥陶—中泥盆世末隆起基本定型,构造形态保持至今;中泥盆世—中新世期间,虽经历了强烈的构造运动,但未改变卡塔克隆起的形态。     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fauit and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metaaomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such carbonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fault and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metasomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such cap bonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary chap acteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区火山岩识别及其油气成藏意义

 早二叠世末期,塔中地区的火山活动对下伏石炭系油气的形成和演化至关重要.火山活动促进烃源岩的成熟排烃;形成断裂、裂缝等广泛发育的油气疏导体系;形成岩颈刺穿、火山岩脉侧向遮挡等不同类型的油气藏.此外,火山活动还可以对原来形成的油气藏进行改造,从而形成次生油气藏.本文利用钻井资料、测井资料、地震属性、地震反射结构、时间切片等方法,对火山岩的剖面和平面分布进行识别与预测,明确了塔中地区石炭系火山岩在剖面上主要以岩墙岩盖的形式产出,活动强度自西北向东南逐渐减弱,厚度自西北向东南逐步变薄直至尖灭.在此基础上,揭示了石炭系火山岩的油气成藏意义,对塔中地区油气滚动勘探开发具有一定指导意义.     

川西坳陷碎屑岩大中型气田形成条件

川西坳陷上三叠统厚大的煤系地层提供了丰富的烃源,燕山期发育的三个北东东向古隆起为油气的早期富集奠定了基础,晚三叠世和侏罗纪发育的河道和三角洲砂体提供了良好的储层,前陆盆地形变形成的破裂构造为深层气源运移至浅层提供了良好的通道,有利储集相带与构造的有机配合形成了多种类型的圈闭,这些便构成了川西坳陷大中型天然气田形成的主要条件,可归纳为"一丰四适",即:丰富的油气资源,适时的古隆起、适宜的沉积相带、适中的变形、适合的构造组合形态.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

Main controlling factors for hydrocarbon reservoir formation and petroleum distribution in Cratonic Area of Tarim Basin

The Cratonic Area of the Tarim Basin is lo-cated in the central part of the basin, developing primarilywith Cambrian marine source rocks and secondly Middle toUpper Ordovician marine and Carboniferous-Permiantransitional facies source rocks. The source rocks werematured in the changeable period and space, formingmultiple hydrocarbon generating centers during the periods.The Cratonic Area experienced multiple tectonic orogenies,forming several palaeouplifts. The matching conditionbetween effective hydrocarbon generating centers and thepalaeouplifts in various periods is the main control factor forthe formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.The palaeouplifts have experienced multiple hydrocar-bon-filling phases, several periods of modifications and evenbreakdown. The palaeouplifts and the adjacent slopesaround the effective hydrocarbon generating center composethe most favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation.The hydrocarbon phase is related with the evolution of thehydrocarbon generating center. In the Tarim Basin'sCratonic Area, reservoirs were mostly formed during lateHercynian. The originally formed hydrocarbon reservoirswhich are adjacent to source kitchens and in the goodpreservation condition are the most favorable prospectingtargets. Hydrocarbon is richly accumulated under theregional caprock, surrounding the faulted trends, and overand below the unconformity surfaces. Reservoirs in theCarboniferous sandstone, Ordovician karstic weatheredcrust and carbonate rock inside the buried hill compose themain intervals for hydrocarbon accumulation. Carboni-ferous and Silurian sandstone pinchout reservoirs andcarbonate lithologic reservoirs with rich fractures and poresare the main targets for further prospecting.     

阿克库勒凸起输导体系对油气分布的控制效应

针对塔里木盆地多油源、多旋回和多期生烃的特点,从油气成藏系统化、动态化角度综合运用输导体静态组合和演化动态的分析方法,根据阿克库勒凸起构造发育史及成藏过程将本区输导体系划分为加里东中、晚期限制性横向为主输导网络模式、海西期—印支期非限制性输导网络模式和燕山期—喜马拉雅期局部限制性横向输导为主输导网络模式。具体研究该区轮南、轮西和塔河三个典型油气藏的输导体系,分析了塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起输导体系与油气藏成藏规律之间的关系,认识了阿克库勒凸起复杂的油气运聚过程,揭示其油气成藏规律,为发现油气富集区提供了理论模式。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏期次分析

目的研究海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏期次。方法圈闭形成时期、烃源岩生排烃史、储层自生伊利石测年和包裹体均一温度法。结果海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏期主要分为两个大的阶段:第一阶段油气成藏时期大约在距今120~90 Ma,相当于伊敏组沉积时期,是海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷最主要的成藏时期。油气大规模注入储层时期应该在105~90 Ma,相当于伊敏组二三段沉积时期,此时期为烃源岩大量生排烃时期,油气运移动力充足,有利于油气运移并聚集成藏;第二阶段为青元岗组沉积至今。青元岗组沉积以来,发生过近东西向的挤压反转,使已形成的油气藏重新调整,同时,二次生成的油气继续注入成藏。结论乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏时期研究取得新的认识,对于盆地下一步勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

塔中西北部奥陶系异常压力成因及地质意义

塔中西北部地区奥陶系地层中存在异常压力,研究认为该异常压力的形成主要与油气聚集增压机理有关,其次为构造增压和流体热膨胀增压机理,火成岩侵入也是一种辅助的增压机理.异常压力的存在可以表征良好的储层和盖层的封盖能力,也与油气藏的分布有一定的关系,异常压力层的发育层位往往指示一定丰度的油气层,而油气层并不一定都是异常压力层.