应用PCR－RFLP法作脊灰炎病毒型内分析的研究

用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法对近年来从麻痹病人分离到的２６株脊灰炎病毒（ＰＶ）作了型内分析研究。１６株ＰＶ１的ＲＦＬＰ图式呈现多样性，毒株的图式可与Ｓａｂｉｎ１型疫苗株完全相同或不同，某些毒株亦可无电泳条带出现。７株ＰＶ２与３株ＰＶ３的ＲＦＬＰ图式则分别与疫苗株Ｓａｂｉｎ２型和３型完全相同。全面分析这些ＲＦＬＰ后，我们认为１６株ＰＶ１为野毒株，而７株ＰＶ２及３株ＰＶ３则可能是疫苗相似株。鉴于近年来广西的麻痹病例仍主要由ＰＶ１所致。故此，加强突击普服ＯＰＶ运动及作好分离毒株的型内分析已成为消灭脊灰炎的关键。     

应用PCR-RFLP法作脊灰炎病毒型内分析的研究

用PCR-RFLP法对近年来从麻痹病人分离到的26株脊灰炎病毒(PV)作了型内分析研究。16株PV₁的RFLP图式呈现多样性,毒株的图式可与Sabin1型疫苗株完全相同或不同,某些毒株亦可无电泳条带出现。7株PV₂与3株PV₃的RFLP图式则分别与疫苗株Sabin2型和3型完全相同。全面分析这些RFLP后,我们认为16株PV₁为野毒株,而7株PV₂及3株PV₃则可能是疫苗相似株。鉴于近年来广西的麻痹病例仍主要由PV₁所致。故此,加强突击普服OPV运动及作好分离毒株的型内分析已成为消灭脊灰炎的关键。     

An engineered poliovirus chimaera elicits broadly reactive HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies

The Sabin type 1 vaccine strain of poliovirus is probably the safest and most successful live-attenuated vaccine virus used in humans. Its widespread use since the early 1960s has contributed significantly to the virtual eradication of poliomyelitis in developed countries. We have reported previously the construction of an intertypic antigen chimaera of poliovirus, based on the Sabin 1 strain, and proposed that this virus could be modified to express on its surface antigenic determinants from other pathogens. We describe here the construction and characterization of a poliovirus antigen chimaera containing an epitope from the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In antibody absorption experiments, the virus chimaera inhibited neutralization of HIV-1 by antipeptide monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp41 epitope and significantly reduced the group specific neutralizing activity of HIV-1-positive human sera. Rabbit antisera raised by subcutaneous injection of the polio/HIV chimaera in adjuvant was shown to be specific for HIV-1 gp41 in peptide-binding assays and by western blotting. Moreover, the antisera neutralized a wide range of American and African HIV-1 isolates and also inhibited virus-induced cell fusion. Monoclonal antibodies against the HIV-1 derived regions of the chimaera also neutralized HIV-1. These results establish the potential of using poliovirus for the presentation of foreign antigens and suggest that Sabin 1 poliovirus/HIV chimaeras could offer an approach to the development of an HIV vaccine.     

Antigen chimaeras of poliovirus as potential new vaccines

Polioviruses occur as three distinct serotypes, 1, 2 and 3, and are composed of a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7,450 nucleotides enclosed in an icosahedral particle of diameter 27 nm. The three-dimensional crystallographic structure of poliovirus type 1 has been determined at 2.9 A resolution, providing a detailed knowledge of the folding and arrangement of the individual virus proteins, VP1-VP4. From this and the characterization of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants, the amino acids contributing to antigenic sites have been identified and located on the surface of the virus particle. Here we describe the construction and characterization of a poliovirus chimaera having a defined region of type 3 inserted into type 1. This virus has composite antigenicity and the substitute site is immunogenic in small animals and primates. The ability to construct such viruses has implications for the design of improved poliovirus vaccine strains or vaccines against other picornaviruses, such as hepatitis A.     

Genome sequence variation analysis of two SARS coronavirus isolates after passage in Vero cell culture

SARS coronavirus is an RNA virus whose replication is error-prone, which provides possibility for escape of host defenses, and even leads to evolution of new viral strains during the passage or the transmission. Lots of variations have been detected among different SARS-CoV strains. And a study on these variations is helpful for development of efficient vaccine. Moreover, the test of nucleic acid characterization and genetic stability of SARS-CoV is important in the research of inactivated vaccine. The whole genome sequences of two SARS coronavirus strains after passage in Vero cell culture were determined and were compared with those of early passages, respectively. Results showed that both SAPS coronavirus strains have high genetic stability, although nearly 10 generations were passed. Four nucleotide variations were observed between the second passage and the llth passage of Sinol strain for identification of SARS inactivated vaccine. Moreover, only one nucleotide was different between the third passage and the 10th passage of Sino3 strain for SARS inactivated vaccine. Therefore, this study suggested it was possible to develop inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV in the future.     

应用聚合酶链反应检测环境污水脊髓灰质炎病毒的研究

用聚合酶链反应技术检测５个市县１５份环境污水中肠道病毒，其中１１份阳性，与细胞中和试验鉴定阳笥结果符合率９０．９０％－１００％，该法不仅简单，敏感，特异分型，而且可作型内鉴别，使细胞中和试验分型和Ｔ特征型内鉴别所需１４ｄ缩短到２ｄ。为环境样品中脊髓灰质炎病毒污染提供了检测手段。     

东营凹陷不同沉积层序的输导体系结构特征

针对东营凹陷的地质特征,利用输导体系综合研究方法,分析了盆地输导体系的构成,发现东营凹陷不同沉积层序在输导体系结构特征上存在差异性:①深部沉积层序(Ek-Es4)输导特征主要表现为砂体侧向复式输导.边缘带输导体系要素主要为砂体,且以侧向输导为主,在深部层序中属于主要输导体系.洼槽带输导体系要素单一,为断裂垂向单一输导,在深部层序中属于次要输导体系.②中浅部沉积层序(Es3-Ed)的砂体、断裂在盆地中都十分发育,输导体系类型多样,包括断裂-不整合型、砂体-断阶型、网毯式-断裂型、简单砂体-断裂型、阶梯型及不整合型输导体系,输导特征主要表现为砂体-断裂多向复式输导.③从深部沉积层序到中浅部沉积层序,输导方向变多,输导特征总体上由简单输导向复式输导逐渐变化.     

辽河东部凹陷北部古近系输导体系及其对油气运移的影响

依据沉积体系、断层及其活动期次、不整合特征等分析结果,探讨了辽河东部凹陷古近系输导体系特征及其对油气运移的控制作用。研究结果表明,研究区发育连通砂体、断层和不整合3种输导体系。砂体的连通性与孔渗性、断层两盘岩性配置关系与断层活动性、不整合类型、不整合面上下岩性配置关系是影响输导体系运移效率的主要因素。分析了输导体系对油气运移的控制作用,认为沙一、二段和沙三段的连通砂体是油气横向运移的主要通道,牛青断层和茨东断层是沙一、二段和沙三段油气侧向运移的通道,更是沙一、二段和东营组重要的油源断层;沙一、二段与沙三段之间的不整合是茨榆坨潜山及牛居构造中油气重要的横向运移通道。同时还指出,各类输导体系之间的配置关系决定盆地的整体运移效率,茨东断层和牛青断层在整个输导体系中起重要的瓶颈作用。     

两点支承平面结构多点输入随机地震响应分析

推导双支座双质点简化模型多点输入地震响应功率谱密度函数解析式,从中分离出多点效应项,借此研究行波效应和部分相干效应等多点输入效应对大跨结构随机地震响应的影响.并以一门式桁架结构为例,检验由简化模型得到结果的实用性.研究结果表明:行波效应和部分相干效应均增大结构拟静力响应;相对动力响应受行波效应影响呈三角函数式波动,极值点分布由自振频率与行波频率的比值确定,极值点特性由振型特性与地震动方向共同确定;部分相干效应减小相对动力响应随行波频率的变化幅度,但不改变相对动力响应的极值点分布规律.对于实际工程而言,选取不同的视波速得到的结构响应差别很大,应使用可靠视波速或采用多个可能视波速试算才能保证计算结果的可靠性;部分相干效应的影响相对较小,特别是当结构跨度较小时,几乎不受部分相干效应的影响.     

Critical role of an eight-amino acid sequence of VP1 in neutralization of poliovirus type 3

The three serotypes of poliovirus are members of the picornaviradae, a group of viruses which cause a variety of diseases of considerable importance in man and animals. We have previously used antigenic mutants resistant to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to identify a single antigenic site for the neutralization of poliovirus type 3 (ref. 1). Evidence based on oligonucleotide mapping suggested that this site corresponded largely to one physicochemical region of the capsid protein viral polypeptide 1 (VP1). We now present conclusive evidence that most of the mutations conferring resistance to neutralization are confined to an eight-amino acid region of VP1, specified by a sequence of viral RNA 277-300 bases from the start of the region coding for VP1. These data strongly suggest that this small region constitutes a major antigenic site involved in virus neutralization and they provide the most detailed information currently available on the antigenic site of a human virus.     

Location and primary structure of a major antigenic site for poliovirus neutralization

We have determined a major antigenic site for virus neutralization on the capsid protein VP1 of poliovirus type 3. Antigenic mutant viruses selected for resistance to individual monoclonal antibodies had point mutations concentrated in a region 277-294 bases downstream from the start of the region of viral RNA coding for VP1. These findings provide the basis for an improved understanding of the molecular basis of virus neutralization.     

相变蓄热型Trombe墙冬季供热性能的测试分析

提出相变蓄热型Trombe墙应用于寒冷地区气候条件下的冬季辅助供热系统,对其供热性能开展了实验测试研究。建立设置相变蓄热型Trombe墙的实验系统,对其冬季室内空气温度、室外气象参数、集热板表面温度、空气通道温度及风速进行了测试。详细分析了通风量和供热量。实验测试结果表明:相变蓄热型Trombe墙具有良好的蓄热和辅助供热特性;通过相变材料的蓄热和放热,可以有效延长空气通道的通风时间,进而实现延续供热。测试条件下,内部上风口和内部下风口可在2 h关闭,在日出后1～2 h开启时,效果较好;在全天候可累计提供日所需供热量的28. 9%,具有较好的供热效果。     

泪道冲洗探通冲洗法治疗新生儿泪囊炎

目的:比较按摩法、泪道冲洗法、探通冲洗法治疗新生儿泪囊炎的临床效果.方法:对216例(396只眼)年龄4 mo～2.25 a的新生儿泪囊炎患者先后采用按摩法、泪道冲洗法、探通冲洗法治疗.对组间结果进行统计分析.结果:按摩法治愈率为2.8%;泪道冲洗法治愈率为6.2%,与按摩法比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);探通冲洗法治愈率最高为98.3%,与按摩法、泪道冲洗法比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01,P<0.01).结论:探通冲洗法是治疗新生儿泪囊炎的最佳方法.     

涡流室柴油机连接通道流量系数的计算研究

建立了计算涡流室柴油机连接通道流量系数的热力学模型和二堆数值计算模型。首次计算出连接通道流量系数随曲轴转角的瞬时变化规律。计算分析了通道结构参数与发动机运转因素对流量系数的影响。     

大型轴流泵站双向流道设计及泵装置特性试验

分析了双向流道型线设计方法 ,提出了一种适用于灌排结合低扬程大型轴流泵站的新型平面蜗壳双向流道及其设计方法 ,并结合魏村泵站模型试验对平面蜗壳双向流道泵装置特性进行了试验研究 结果表明 ,流道流线平顺 ,泵装置运行稳定 ,装置效率较高     

基于重整化群湍流模型的双向轴流泵出水结构研究

双向轴流泵装置是一种特殊的泵站形式．结合某泵站技术改造，运用三维湍流数值模拟技术对其出水结构进行研究．基于定常不可压流体的控制方程和重整化群湍流模型，应用SIMPLEC算法，数值模拟了X型双向流道泵装置三种出水结构方案内三维湍流流场．通过给出计算流速矢量分布图、流速等值线图，直观地显示了出水结构内水流流场情况．分析表明，设计控制参数不合理是导致出水结构内部流态较差的主要原因，不良流态引起水力损失增加．文中依据数值模拟结果，预测出水结构水力损失，并与实验进行了比较，表明通过采用重整化群湍流模型能较好地预测双向泵出水结构的水力性能．重整化群湍流模型在泵装置内特性数值模拟和外特性预测研究方面中有较好的推广价值．     

公路建设中野生动物通道的设置研究

野生动物通道的设置是降低公路建设对动物生存环境影响的可行方法。分析了国内外野生动物通道的研究成果,进而从沿线动物生理习性调查分析、动物通道使用的影响因素、动物通道类型、通道辅助方式和通道监测系统等方面总结了野生动物通道设置方法,并提出了关于我国公路建设中设置野生动物通道的建议。     

Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates

Outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus are associated with high mortality rates that are a distinguishing feature of this human pathogen. The highest lethality is associated with the Zaire subtype, one of four strains identified to date. Its rapid progression allows little opportunity to develop natural immunity, and there is currently no effective anti-viral therapy. Therefore, vaccination offers a promising intervention to prevent infection and limit spread. Here we describe a highly effective vaccine strategy for Ebola virus infection in non-human primates. A combination of DNA immunization and boosting with adenoviral vectors that encode viral proteins generated cellular and humoral immunity in cynomolgus macaques. Challenge with a lethal dose of the highly pathogenic, wild-type, 1976 Mayinga strain of Ebola Zaire virus resulted in uniform infection in controls, who progressed to a moribund state and death in less than one week. In contrast, all vaccinated animals were asymptomatic for more than six months, with no detectable virus after the initial challenge. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to develop a preventive vaccine against Ebola virus infection in primates.     

胫前肌半腱外移治疗马蹄内翻足畸形

目的：对胫骨前肌外移治疗内翻足畸形的手术方法进行改良,探讨肌腱移位治疗内翻足畸形的最佳方法,方法：将肥肌半腱（外侧１／２）外移代替瘫痪的腓骨长、短肌、,配合足部软组织松解或关节融合术,治疗马蹄内翻足畸形,结果：术后８个月－２年随访结果,优１５例,良４例优良率８６．４５。结论：利用胫前肌外侧１／２外移治疗内翻足畸形的手术设计具有可靠的解剖依据,其近、远期疗效较传统术式满意,为一有临床价值的手术方法。