非数据辅助的OFDM系统联合同步算法设计

研究了正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)系统中非数据辅助的同步问题,通过对OFDM时域信号延时相关函数进行分析,设计了一种非数据辅助且具有较低复杂度的联合采样频率、载波频率及符号定时同步算法。算法根据延时相关函数以OFDM符号率为周期的周期特性,首先从延时相关函数的模中提取OFDM符号的周期标记,通过对收端和发端在相同时间内的采样点数之比进行采样频率偏差(sampling frequency offset, SFO)估计;然后通过对延时相关函数的模进行分段平均,从中提取去除循环前缀(cyclicprefix,CP)的开始时刻,从而进行符号定时同步和载波频率偏差(carrier frequency offset, CFO)估计。仿真结果表明,算法性能受累积时间长度和CP长度影响较大,而受OFDM基带调制方式影响较小;与其他同类文献相比,本文的联合同步算法具有较低复杂度和较好的性能。     

用于有虚载波OFDM系统的信道估计算法

提出了一种适用于有虚载波的正交频分复用系统的改进信道估计算法。由于传统的信道估计器无法估计虚载波处的信道传输函数,从而逆离散傅里叶变换导致信道能量泄漏,使得时域滤波方法不能直接应用。为了解决这个问题,利用信道冲激响应的有限性,推导了以最小二乘法(least square, LS)来估计虚载波处的信道传输函数。进一步观察信号子空间和噪声子空间中噪声的相关性,使用最大后验概率准则估计出信号子空间的噪声并消除其带来的估计误差。该算法不仅可在训练模式下应用,也可推广应用于基于判决反馈的跟踪模式。仿真结果表明,改进算法无误符号率平台效应,且其误符号率较传统LS算法有2 dB的信噪比增益。     

Pseudo-noise preamble based joint frame and frequency synchronization algorithm in OFDM communication systems

Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform （FFT） window, and the carrier frequency offset （CFO） due to Doppler frequency shift or the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscil ators, can bring severe inter-symbol interference （ISI） and inter-carrier interference （ICI） for the OFDM system. Relying on the relatively good correlation charac-teristic of the pseudo-noise （PN） sequence, a joint frame offset and normalized CFO estimation algorithm based on PN preamble in time domain is developed to realize the frame and frequency synchronization in the OFDM system. By comparison, the perfor-mances of the traditional algorithm and the improved algorithm are simulated under different conditions. The results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm both in frame offset estimation and CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor channel condition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and large normalized CFO.     

Joint frequency offset tracking and PAPR reduction algorithm in OFDM systems

This paper presents an algorithm that aims to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems while maintaining frequency tracking. The algorithm achieves PAPR reduction by applying the complex conjugates of the data symbol obtained from the frequency domain to cancel the phase of the data symbol. A likelihood estimator is used to obtain the sub-carrier phase error due to the residual carrier frequency offset (RCFO) using the same complex conjugates as a pilot signal. Furthermore, a joint time and frequency domain multicarrier phase locked loop (MPLL) is developed to compensate additional frequency offset. Simulation results show that this algorithm is capable of reducing PAPR without impacting the frequency tracking performance.     

Blind estimation of phase offset in OFDM subcarrier for coherent demodulation

An adaptive algorithm named low complexity phase offset estimation (LC-POE) is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Depending on the requirement, the estimation procedure is divided into several scales to accelerate the adaptive convergence speed and ensure the estimation accuracy. The true phase offset is estimated through shrinking the detection range and raising the resolution scale step by step. Both the convergence performance and complexity are discussed in the paper. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The LC-POE algorithm is promising in the application of OFDM systems.     

Blind channel estimation for multiple antenna OFDM system subject to unknown carrier frequency offset

The problem of channel estimation for multiple an- tenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） is addressed. Multiple signal classification （MUSIC）-Iike algorithm, which generally has been used for direction estimation or frequency estimation, is used for channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems. A reduced dimensional （RD）-MUSIC based algorithm for channel estimation is proposed in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO. The Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） of channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO is derived. The proposed algorithm has a superior performance of channel estimation compared with the Capon method and the least squares method.     

突发OFDM系统的精确定时估计及性能仿真

首先从理论上分析了载波频偏对基于互相关的精确定时估计算法性能的影响,然后提出一种对频偏不敏感且与训练符号结构无关的精确定时算法,并利用仿真分析了不同信道条件下定时测度函数在精确定时位置的均值、方差分布特性。将该算法应用于IEEE 802.16d系统中进行仿真,结果表明该算法能够克服载波频偏影响,且定时精度高。     

OQAM/OFDM系统中改进的重叠选择性映射方法

重叠选择性映射(overlapped selected mapping, OSLM)是用于降低基于交错正交幅度调制的正交频分复用系统(offset quadrature modulation/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OQAM/OFDM)峰均比(peak-to-average ratio,PAPR)的技术。在对传统OSLM方法进行分析的基础上,为了进一步降低系统的PAPR,针对其在传输过程中需要耗费额外频谱来传递边带信息的问题,提出了改进的OSLM方法。该方法通过改变特定位置相位旋转因子的模值,从而在接收端确定边带信息,节省了OQAM/OFDM系统中的频谱资源,进而降低了系统的PAPR。仿真结果表明,在相同信道且子载波数量较多的条件下,该方法能够进一步降低系统的PAPR,同时又不会导致误比特率明显提升。     

基于频偏补偿的TDS-OFDM系统同步方法

针对TDS-OFDM系统中载波频偏对基于PN序列自相关同步算法的影响,提出采用双滑动窗互相关的时间标尺函数来进行符号同步,利用该函数可以得到很好的相关峰值且不受频率偏移的影响。载波频偏由多径信道下各主要能量径的相关峰值估计得到,该估计算法可以得到较为准确的估计值和较大的估计范围。在典型的城市信道条件下对算法进行了仿真,结果表明：在较大的频偏条件下,本文方法得到了准确的符号同步和较好的频偏估计。     

基于EM的MIMO-OFDM系统MAP信道估计算法

最大后验概率（maximum a posteriori, MAP）信道估计算法应用于MIMO-OFDM系统时将带来大规模矩阵求逆和乘积运算,且OFDM符号的数据传输效率随着发送天线的增多逐渐下降。针对这些弊端,提出一种基于期望最大化（expectation maximum, EM）的MAP信道估计算法,并分析了算法的性能。该算法利用EM算法把多输入输出信道估计问题化简为一系列独立的单输入输出问题,避免了大规模矩阵运算,降低了MAP算法的计算复杂度;为进一步改善MAP算法的数据传输效率及其估计性能,可通过对多个连续的OFDM符号进行联合信道估计。通过仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

Joint timing synchronization and frequency offset acquisition algorithm for MIMO OFDM systems

For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sys-tems, a joint timing synchronization and frequency offset acquisition algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is proposed. The linear frequency modulation signals superimposed on the data signals are used as the training signals. By performing FRFT on the receiver signals and searching the peak value of the FRFT results, the receiver can realize timing synchronization and frequency offset acquisition simultaneously. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed algorithm can provide better timing synchronization performance and larger frequency offset acquisition range even under multi-path channels with low signal to noise ratio. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove this point.     

时变衰落信道下OFDM信号参数融合估计

提出了一种基于代价函数实现短循环前缀正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)信号参数融合估计与识别的算法。该算法同时利用OFDM信号循环前缀产生的自相关和循环自相关特性,同步估计有用符号时间和符号周期。首先对OFDM信号的循环自相关特性进行了深入的分析,然后构造了代价函数并讨论了时变衰落信道条件下引入循环频率的数目对代价函数的影响,最后通过计算机仿真,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于波达方向矩阵的MIMO-OFDM系统载频偏移估计

MIMO-OFDM系统中设置虚拟子载波后,时域接收符号向量与经频域信道系数加权的频域发射符号向量之间通过一个范德蒙矩阵相互联系,且该矩阵的列向量的结构决定于载频偏移量。基于此,提出了一种采用波达矩阵方法、利用范德蒙矩阵的移不变结构完成载频偏移估计的闭式频偏估计方法。该方法综合地利用了多收发天线的空域分集效应,降低了信道零点对频偏估计性能的影响,有效地提高了估计的均方误差性能。仿真结果验证了不同天线配置情况下所提出算法的性能。     

基于内插结合MMSE均衡消除OFDM系统相位噪声的算法

针对正交频分复用（orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)系统对相位噪声的敏感特性,提出一种基于内插结合最小均方误差(minimum mean square error, MMSE)均衡消除OFDM系统相位噪声的算法,通过在发射端的IFFT之前,对符号进行零子载波的内插,可有效地降低OFDM系统相位噪声造成的子载波间干扰（inter carrier interference, ICI）,提高信干比。通过MMSE均衡方式,可消除OFDM系统相位噪声造成的公共相位误差（common phase error, CPE）。仿真结果表明,本算法可以消除CPE引起的整个信号星座的旋转,同时大大降低ICI引起的信号星座点的云状发散,OFDM系统的相位噪声在高斯信道和多径信道下都能够得到有效抑制,且复杂度低、实现简单,具备良好的实用价值。     

Resource allocation with minimum transmit power in multicast OFDM systems

To minimize the total transmit power for multicast service in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink system, resource allocation algorithms that adaptively allocate subcarriers and bits are proposed. The proposed algorithms select users with good channel conditions for each subcarrier to reduce the transmit power, while guaranteeing each user’s instantaneous minimum rate requirement. The resource allocation problem is first formulated as an integer programming (IP) problem, and then, a full search algorithm that achieves an optimal solution is presented. To reduce the computation load, a suboptimal algorithm is proposed. This suboptimal algorithm decouples the joint resource allocation problem by separating subcarrier and bit allocation. Greedy-like algorithms are employed in both procedures. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the transmit power compared with the conventional multicast approach and the performance of the suboptimal algorithm is close to the optimum.     

接收分集OFDM通信系统的盲信道估计

提出一种新的利用接收分集技术的OFDM通信系统盲信道估计方法.所提出的算法根据单入多出系统模型,可直接在一个接收数据块内估计出各个接收分支所对应的多径信道,且不要求接收信号的二阶统计量等相关统计信息.由于采用频域相除抵消技术,各分支的信道参数可分离估计,因此降低了计算复杂度.仿真分析表明该算法的有效性.     

OFDM系统中的快速发射功率分配算法

针对在限定传输速率和误码率的情况下最小化OFDM系统发射功率问题,提出了一种基于灌水原理的次最优快速算法。算法利用灌水水平和系统传输速率之间的关系求出高效的灌水水平粗搜索方法,然后用二分法求解出所需的灌水水平。当信道发生变化时,该算法可以快速地确定出新灌水水平所处的区间,从而实现对时变信道进行快速跟踪。仿真结果表明该算法收敛速度较快,适合应用于信道随时间变化的OFDM通信系统中。     

面向OFDM无线中继系统的功率分配算法

针对正交频分复用无线中继系统的绿色通信问题,提出一种低复杂度功率分配算法.首先,采用"放大-转发"中继策略,源节点在中继传输的两阶段都发送相同信息.然后,通过联合优化源节点和中继节点在各子载波上的传输功率,使系统以最小功耗代价满足用户通信服务质量要求.由于该问题是一个复杂的多变量耦合非凸问题,直接求解难度高.对此,综合...     

多载波OFDM信号识别方法

无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV)技术发展迅速, 应用十分广泛, 用作UAV测控数传的正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)信号, 给民用无线频谱管理、军用非合作通信技术带来不小的挑战。基于此, 提出了一种基于包络相关谱的OFDM信号检测识别算法。主要利用OFDM信号的时域相关性, 通过计算信号的复包络相关谱, 并检测判断其相关谱的离散周期性, 实现了在非合作通信中OFDM信号的识别。相比基于高阶累积量的检测识别算法, 所提算法具有更好的信噪比适应能力, 而且不需要设定判别的经验阈值, 同时还能估计出子信道的带宽。仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。