Paenibacillus sp. K1 乳糖酶基因bga在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为了提高乳酸乳球菌利用乳糖的能力,缓解乳糖不耐症,以实验室构建的含有乳糖酶基因的质粒pUC-bga为模板,通过PCR扩增得到乳糖酶基因bga,将其分别与载体pSEC和pMG36e连接,获得重组质粒pSEC-bga和pMG36e-bga,重组质粒分别电转Lactococcus lactis NZ9000和Lactococcus lactis MG1614,并在乳酸乳球菌细胞内实现了活性表达。高压液相色谱（HPLC）分析其对培养基中乳糖的利用能力,结果重组菌L.lactis NZ9000-Bga对乳糖的利用能力比对照菌株高一倍,为生产低乳糖的发酵乳制品奠定了基础。     

响应面法优化乳酸乳球菌电转化效率研究

乳酸乳球菌NZ9000是乳酸菌食品级高效蛋白表达系统中使用最广泛的宿主菌株。为获得高效的电转化效率,首先采用单因素试验,对影响NZ9000电转化效率的各因素:生长阶段、甘氨酸浓度、质粒浓度、电场强度、复苏培养和复苏时间进行优化;然后利用响应面法对其中的关键因素进一步优化,确定最佳电转化条件为吸光值OD600 0.2,甘氨酸浓度8 g/L和电场强度12.5 kV/cm,电转化效率达到3.76×10~7 CFU/μg DNA,比优化前提高了250%。本研究通过优化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态的制备方法,提高了电转化效率,为深入挖掘乳酸乳球菌感受态潜力奠定了基础。     

可控性自裂解乳球菌的构建

为阐明发酵乳杆菌温和噬菌体φPYB5编码的由穿孔素(Hyb5)和裂解素(Lyb5)组成的裂解盒在乳酸菌中的作用特征,将hyb5-lyb5基因克隆到E. coli/L. lactis穿梭质粒pSEC的nisin诱导型启动子下游,构建了重组质粒pSEC-hyb5-lyb5。将pSEC-hyb5-lyb5电转入Lactococcus lactis NZ9000,获得重组菌株NZphl。经nisin诱导表达后,Hyb5-Lyb5表现出高的裂解活性,使NZphl菌液的浊度（OD600）急剧下降,并释放出大量胞内蛋白,为利用自裂解菌株生产优质乳制品奠定了基础。     

乳酸乳球菌nisin抗性基因的克隆及作为筛选标记的研究

在添加500U/mL nisin和溴甲酚紫的GM17选择性培养基上,分离到5株nisin抗性菌株。根据形态观察,生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列比对被鉴定为乳酸乳球菌。根据已报道nisin抗性基因设计引物,分别以这5株菌的染色体和质粒DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,结果从1株抗性菌株的染色体上得到目的基因产物。通过序列测定和同源性比对,证明为nisin抗性基因（nsr）。将nsr基因克隆到乳酸菌-大肠杆菌穿梭质粒pTRKH2上,重组质粒命名为pT-nsr。pT-nsr电转化乳酸乳球菌MG1614,获得的重组菌MG1614/pT-nsr在含有500U/mL nisin的培养基中生长情况良好。这表明nsr基因赋予宿主菌抗nisin特性,并且与红霉素抗性功能相同,因此nsr基因可以作为筛选标记用于食品级载体的构建。     

大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在干酪乳杆菌中的分泌表达

以大肠杆菌和乳酸菌穿梭表达型载体pMG36e为基本模型,采用重叠延伸PCR方法拼接相关调控元件构建一种乳酸杆菌组成型分泌表达载体;将编码LTB蛋白的eltb基因片段插入干酪乳杆菌分泌型表达载体中,构建重组质粒pMG36e-UP/L-LTB,电转化于干酪乳杆菌393中,筛选获得重组干酪乳杆菌,应用westernblot方法鉴定LTB表达情况.Western-blot分析显示,约有12 KDa的目的蛋白以分泌形式表达,可被LTB阳性血清识别.表明LTB蛋白在重组干酪孔杆菌获得了表达,并且具有免疫反应活性和佐剂活性,为以LTB为分子佐剂研制乳酸菌黏膜疫苗奠定基础.     

枯草芽胞杆菌谷氨酰胺转氨酶在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的分泌表达及诱导条件的优化

本文通过重叠PCR技术构建获得枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)来源的谷氨酰胺转氨酶(transglutaminase,TG)(BTG)重组基因Sprodbtg,该基因依次包含SD序列、谷氨酸棒杆菌信号肽ΔS0949序列、pro D-BTG基因,并将该目的基因克隆入大肠杆菌–谷氨酸棒杆菌穿梭表达载体p XMJ19中构建重组质粒p XMJ19-Sprodbtg.随后,重组质粒电转入谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)ATCC13032中进行诱导表达,并对重组菌株的诱导条件进行优化.结果表明:重组菌株C.glutamicum ATCC13032/p XMJ19-Sprodbtg表达重组酶原蛋白pro D-BTG经活化后,BTG的活力达到(41.23±2.01)U/L;在重组菌培养12 h后诱导、IPTG终浓度0.8 mmol/L、诱导40 h的最优诱导条件下,BTG的活力达到最高,为(55.62±2.34)U/L,较优化前提高了约34.90%,.     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌D-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

以肺炎克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR技术扩增并克隆出D-乳酸脱氢酶的基因（ldhD）,将其连接到表达载体pET-22b(+)质粒上,构建pET-22b(+)-ldhD重组质粒,测序结果100%正确。将重组质粒pET-22b(+)-ldhD转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,通过氨苄霉素抗性平板筛选,构建大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)-pET-22b(+)-ldhD基因工程菌。重组菌株经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析,目标条带出现在分子量约37000处,表明D-乳酸脱氢酶基因ldhD在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达。采用紫外分光光度法测定其酶活,底物丙酮酸终浓度为10mmol/L时,在丙酮酸还原为D-乳酸反应方向D-乳酸脱氢酶表现出119.04U/mL的酶活力;底物D-乳酸终浓度为50mmol/L时,在D-乳酸转化为丙酮酸的逆反应方向中表现出0.89U/mL的酶活力。比酶活则分别为9.16U/mg和 0.07U/mg。通过Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法,计算出酶反应的米氏常数K_M为10.54mmol/L。经摇瓶发酵后,通过高效液相色谱测定产物,D-乳酸的产量达到3.09g/L。     

含α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因重组酿酒酵母的啤酒发酵

利用E .coli和酿酒酵母的穿梭质粒pYES2为载体 ,将地衣芽孢杆菌α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因导入酿酒酵母中 ,构建了重组质粒pYEA ,实现了α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在酵母菌中的表达 .α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在酵母菌中的表达与菌体生长有关 .pYEA质粒在无选择压力的发酵条件下 ,仅能保持一定的稳定性 ,并具有降解α 乙酰乳酸的能力 ,但丢失率比较高 .     

乳酸菌表达质粒的构建

粪肠球菌是乳酸菌的一个属．采用生物信息学方法,预测了粪肠球菌AS1．2984基因组中乳酸脱氢酶和三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的组成型启动子序列．设计引物通过PCR扩增得到这2段启动子序列,并克隆到乳酸菌一大肠杆菌穿梭质粒pNZ8037上,在启动子下游接上绿色荧光蛋白基因作为标记,构建乳酸菌的组成型蛋白表达质粒．通过电转化将上述改造过的pNZ8037质粒导入粪肠球菌中,在共聚焦显微镜中可以观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达．在乳酸菌MRS培养基中加入乳酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠等试剂,发现可以调节绿色荧光蛋白的表达量．     

优化合成有机磷水解酶opd p基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

拟验证通过密码子优化有机磷水解酶(opd)基因,和生物砖方法构建opd多拷贝载体,以提高在毕赤酵母中的表达量.将原始的opd基因依照毕赤酵母偏爱密码子设计合成新的有机磷水解酶基因,并在C端添加了6个His-Tag融合蛋白标签.所合成的opd p基因全长1 149 bp(base pair).基因克隆入p HBM905BDM毕赤酵母表达型质粒,成功构建重组表达质粒p HBM905BDM-opd p,以及多拷贝表达质粒p HBM905BDM-opd p-2C,p HBM905BDM-opd p-3C,p HBM905BDMopd p-4C,转化毕赤酵母感受态细胞GS115.实验结果表明,经甲醇诱导后,在AOX1(乙醇氧化酶基因)启动子调控下,获得OPD P蛋白分泌表达,Western Blot检测4个转化的菌株中都表达了目的蛋白,且两拷贝表达量较一拷贝有提高,达到0.2 U/m L.但是随着拷贝数的进一步增加表达量呈现下降的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-