AM混合相Si：P：H薄膜的制备与分析

本文介绍了SiH4/PH3混合气体的高频辉光放电法，在硅、玻璃衬底上淀积的掺P氢化非晶硅膜的结构和特性，并对样品作了高温退火试验，应用x射线衍射和红外吸收，对淀积膜的结构性质作了探讨和分析。结果表明，所淀积的是一种微晶－非晶混合相掺P氢化非晶硅膜（AM－Si:P:H)。这种膜具有良好的光电性能，较高的掺杂效率。经退火后，光电性能有所改善，是P－i-n太阳能电池所希望n^ 材料。     

铝膜沉积温度对非晶硅薄膜晶化的影响

采用磁控溅射(Magnetron Sputtering,MS)方法,研究了不同的退火温度及铝的沉积温度对非晶硅薄膜晶化的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同温度沉积的铝薄膜表面结构及形貌进行了分析;并利用光学显微镜,拉曼散射仪(RAMAN)对退火后的薄膜表面形态和结构进行了分析.实验结果表明:适当温度退火可以有效提高对非晶硅的诱导作用,提高铝膜的沉积温度对于非晶硅薄膜晶化有促进作用;在650℃的退火温度下增加铝的沉积温度可显著提高非晶硅的晶化效果.     

合成条件对NaY型沸石膜渗透分离性能的影响

选取不同的晶化时间和晶化温度,在-αA l2O3陶瓷圆管的外表面上水热合成NaY型沸石膜,考察合成条件与膜的结晶性、膜的微结构和膜的CO2/N2气体渗透分离特性之间的相互关系.在晶化时间为12 h、晶化温度为70℃时,合成的膜对CO2/N2气体的选择透过性能优异,分离系数达到54.42.用SEM和XRD表征手段分析膜的微结构和结晶性,表明该膜为致密完整的半结晶膜,厚度约为0.94μm.     

铝分层诱导晶化非晶硅的研究

铝诱导晶化(AIC)法是一种低成本、低温制备高质量多晶硅薄膜的方法.采用磁控溅射和自然氧化法在石英衬底上生长铝/三氧化二铝/非晶硅结构的材料,然后进行低温(低于硅铝共熔温度577℃)退火处理.通过共焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)手段进行表征.结果表明,退火后薄膜分为两层,上层是铝、非晶硅和多晶硅的连续混合膜,随退火时间增加,上层晶化率快速增加;下层形成了完全晶化的大尺寸多晶硅晶粒,晶粒结晶质量接近单晶硅;增加退火时间,下层晶粒增长很缓慢;降低退火温度,下层晶粒尺寸明显增大;形成的多晶硅薄膜均具有高度(111)择优取向.并且,进一步地对上述退火过程中样品的变化行为作出分析.     

脉冲激光对非晶硅薄膜晶化现象的影响

太阳能是一种新型环保可再生能源,硅太阳能电池是目前太阳能最常见的应用形式。相对晶体硅而言,成本较低的非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池是当前新能源领域研究的热门。非晶硅薄膜的退火工艺是非晶硅太阳能电池生产中的一个重要环节,本文采用石英玻璃作为衬底材料,利用PECVD法沉积非晶硅薄膜,使用YAG激光器对非晶硅薄膜进行退火处理,研究脉冲激光对非晶硅薄膜的晶化现象。实验结果表明,脉冲激光退火工艺可使非晶硅薄膜快速结晶,生成纳米级微晶颗粒,其尺寸满足非晶硅太阳能电池的生产要求。     

微晶硅膜MIS结构光位敏探测器的研制

采用快速退火工艺，促使非晶硅膜固相晶化，获得具备器件质量的微晶硅膜，以此晶化膜作基本材料，采取侧向光伏效应的工作模式，以金属－绝缘体－半导体（ＭＩＳ）结构成功地研制出了一维微晶硅膜的光位敏探测器，实验结果表明，该器件具有非晶硅器件与晶体硅器件互补兼容特色。     

微波对纤维素Ⅰ超分子结构的影响

考察了水润胀的纤维Ⅰ经微波处理后结晶度、晶区尺寸的变化．ＦＴＩＲ结果显示微波处理对纤维素的化学结构没有影响,但红外结晶指数（Ｎ－Ｏ’－ＫＩ）增加。ＷＡＸＤ分析显示纤维素Ⅰ保持了原来的结晶形态,但结晶度和晶区尺寸增大。当微波功率大于１２８Ｗ及处理次数大于４时,微波功率及作用次数的增加对结晶度和晶区尺寸影响不大。     

氢等离子体退火对氢化非晶硅结构有序度的影响

室温下利用氢等离子体退火技术对氢化非晶硅(a-Si：H)薄膜进行处理，通过傅立叶红外、光吸收、拉曼光谱3种测试手段对非晶硅的微结构进行了分析，发现不同的退火时间对a—Si：H的微结构影响很大，氢等离子体在与薄膜的化学反应过程中主要表现为原子氢(H^0)与薄膜的反应．化学势很高的H^0能将Si—Si弱键转变成Si—Si强键．硅网络结构发生弛豫，使结构由无序向有序转变，从而能够降低晶化温度与退火时间．     

激光晶化多晶硅的制备与XRD谱

对氢化非晶硅（a-Si∶H）进行了脱氢和不同能量密 度的准分子激光晶化多晶硅的实验, 对所得样品用X射线衍射表征. 针对多晶硅（111）面特征峰的强度、 晶面间距和宽化信息, 分析了激光功率密度对晶化多晶硅结晶度和应力的影响, 根据谢乐公式（Scherrer）估算了晶粒的大小, 得到用准分子激光晶化多晶硅的较佳工艺参数, 并且验证了激光辐射对薄膜材料作用的3种情况.     

激光退火技术对多晶硅太阳能电池薄膜处理的新进展

硅薄膜及其太阳电池研究已经成为国际光伏领域研究的热点,但硅薄膜太阳能电池在生产工艺上存在成本较高的问题,其中非晶硅薄膜的退火工艺是制约生产成本的一个重要环节。本文利用激光退火方法对高掺杂多晶硅衬底的非晶硅外延薄膜进行处理,实验结果表明,激光退火实现了非晶硅薄膜的晶化,电性能达到太阳能电池板的生产要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-