A new escape time algorithm of constructing Julia set

Escape time algorithm is an effective theoretical algorithm of constructing fractal graphics. The key of this algorithm lies in the construction of escape time function. A new escape time function is presented based on the research of escape time algorithm. An accelerated escape time algorithm is carried out in this paper. The experiments have demonstrated that the new algorithm is not only as precise as the old, but also faster when it is used to construct Julia set.     

乘法噪声系数对双稳锯齿系统逃逸率的影响

在不同乘法噪声系数情况下 ,计算了关联噪声驱动的双稳锯齿系统的逃逸率 .计算结果表明 ,乘法噪声系数对相对逃逸率有极大的影响 ,改变乘法噪声系数 ,系统的相对逃逸率既可出现抑制平台 ,又可出现激活共振     

基于改进蚁群算法的大型综合建筑火灾疏散路径规划

动态逃生指示系统主要应用于大型综合建筑物内,此系统可根据建筑物内发生的火灾等突发情况动态指示人员疏散逃生,缩短逃生时间提高逃生成功率。通过研究现有动态逃生指示系统路径规划问题,提出一种改进蚁群算法,将Dijkstra算法和蚁群算法相结合,利用Dijkstra算法的全局搜索能力,调整了蚁群算法启发函数中初始信息素分布情况,同时结合探测到的火灾实时信息对蚁群算法的启发函数,转移概率,信息素挥发系数和更新规则进行改进。通过仿真实验表明改进的蚁群算法提高了搜索效率和全局搜索能力,降低了陷入局部最优的可能性并优化了逃生路线。     

Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1

Neutralizing antibodies (Nab) are a principal component of an effective human immune response to many pathogens, yet their role in HIV-1 infection is unclear. To gain a better understanding of this role, we examined plasma from patients with acute HIV infection. Here we report the detection of autologous Nab as early as 52 days after detection of HIV-specific antibodies. The viral inhibitory activity of Nab resulted in complete replacement of neutralization-sensitive virus by successive populations of resistant virus. Escape virus contained mutations in the env gene that were unexpectedly sparse, did not map generally to known neutralization epitopes, and involved primarily changes in N-linked glycosylation. This pattern of escape, and the exceptional density of HIV-1 envelope glycosylation generally, led us to postulate an evolving 'glycan shield' mechanism of neutralization escape whereby selected changes in glycan packing prevent Nab binding but not receptor binding. Direct support for this model was obtained by mutational substitution showing that Nab-selected alterations in glycosylation conferred escape from both autologous antibody and epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. The evolving glycan shield thus represents a new mechanism contributing to HIV-1 persistence in the face of an evolving antibody repertoire.     

基于WSN的受限空间逃生路径搜索算法

针对地下矿井、隧道等受限环境事故后受困人员营救或逃生困难的问题,通过构建基于混合信道模型的无线传感器网络,提出可信锚节点选择算法,实现在事故后稀疏锚节点环境下的无线传感器网络节点精确位置估计,并在此基础上实现最优的逃生救援路径生成及实时导航。仿真结果表明,算法在稀疏锚节点场景下,相比较于已有研究具有更高的节点定位精度,并且能够在动态障碍物识别的基础上准确进行救援或逃生路径的搜索。     

山区高速公路紧急避险车道驶入角研究

避险车道驶入角的大小对避险车道安全性有着重要影响,是影响避险车道功能发挥的关键性因素。通过分析失控车辆在转弯时的受力情况及运行特征,得出了失控车辆驶入避险车道时的横向倾覆条件和横向滑移条件,保证失控车辆的行驶稳定性;并在此基础之上,提出了避险车道驶入角的设置方法,给出了在不同渐变段长度下避险车道驶入角的最大限值。最后,通过工程实例进行了验证性分析,说明所给出的避险车道驶入角限值具有合理性。     

开放Sinai台球中粒子输运性质的分形研究

Sinai量子台球能够模拟出混沌性质且数值运算相对简单, 成为研究微观体系动力学的理想模型。 本文以Sinai开放台球作为理论模型, 研究了粒子的逃逸, 并对逃逸中的碰撞次数进行了数值计算,得到的结果显示了初始条件对逃逸的重要性。采用简化的盒计数 (box-counting)算法分别计算了不同门电压和不同开口宽度对应的分形维数, 分析了Sinai台球中的门电压和开口宽度对体系混沌性质的影响。     

The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake

Venus, unlike Earth, is an extremely dry planet although both began with similar masses, distances from the Sun, and presumably water inventories. The high deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the venusian atmosphere relative to Earth's also indicates that the atmosphere has undergone significantly different evolution over the age of the Solar System. Present-day thermal escape is low for all atmospheric species. However, hydrogen can escape by means of collisions with hot atoms from ionospheric photochemistry, and although the bulk of O and O2 are gravitationally bound, heavy ions have been observed to escape through interaction with the solar wind. Nevertheless, their relative rates of escape, spatial distribution, and composition could not be determined from these previous measurements. Here we report Venus Express measurements showing that the dominant escaping ions are O+, He+ and H+. The escaping ions leave Venus through the plasma sheet (a central portion of the plasma wake) and in a boundary layer of the induced magnetosphere. The escape rate ratios are Q(H+)/Q(O+) = 1.9; Q(He+)/Q(O+) = 0.07. The first of these implies that the escape of H+ and O+, together with the estimated escape of neutral hydrogen and oxygen, currently takes place near the stoichometric ratio corresponding to water.     

高层建筑火灾的人员疏散性能研究

高层建筑火灾情况下的人员疏散性能是评价建筑的安全性能,指导人员逃生的重要依据。为此,将火灾下人员的疏散过程分成是觉察、行为及反应和行动三个部分,采用经验公式计算得到人员觉察、行为和反应的时间,并采用水力模型模拟人员在楼梯间的疏散行动过程,计算高层建筑火灾情况下人员在楼梯和通道的流动时间,实现人员疏散行动过程的计算机模拟。     

Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection.

Increasing evidence indicates that potent anti-HIV-1 activity is mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs); however, the effects of this immune pressure on viral transmission and evolution have not been determined. Here we investigate mother-child transmission in the setting of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 expression, selected for analysis because it is associated with prolonged immune containment in adult infection. In adults, mutations in a dominant and highly conserved B27-restricted Gag CTL epitope lead to loss of recognition and disease progression. In mothers expressing HLA-B27 who transmit HIV-1 perinatally, we document transmission of viruses encoding CTL escape variants in this dominant Gag epitope that no longer bind to B27. Their infected infants target an otherwise subdominant B27-restricted epitope and fail to contain HIV replication. These CTL escape variants remain stable without reversion in the absence of the evolutionary pressure that originally selected the mutation. These data suggest that CTL escape mutations in epitopes associated with suppression of viraemia will accumulate as the epidemic progresses, and therefore have important implications for vaccine design.     

Eventual AIDS vaccine failure in a rhesus monkey by viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Potent virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses elicited by candidate AIDS vaccines have recently been shown to control viral replication and prevent clinical disease progression after pathogenic viral challenges in rhesus monkeys. Here we show that viral escape from CTL recognition can result in the eventual failure of this partial immune protection. Viral mutations that escape from CTL recognition have been previously described in humans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In a cohort of rhesus monkeys that were vaccinated and subsequently infected with a pathogenic hybrid simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), the frequency of viral sequence mutations within CTL epitopes correlated with the level of viral replication. A single nucleotide mutation within an immunodominant Gag CTL epitope in an animal with undetectable plasma viral RNA resulted in viral escape from CTLs, a burst of viral replication, clinical disease progression, and death from AIDS-related complications. These data indicate that viral escape from CTL recognition may be a major limitation of the CTL-based AIDS vaccines that are likely to be administered to large human populations over the next several years.     

Adaptive immunity maintains occult cancer in an equilibrium state

The capacity of immunity to control and shape cancer, that is, cancer immunoediting, is the result of three processes that function either independently or in sequence: elimination (cancer immunosurveillance, in which immunity functions as an extrinsic tumour suppressor in naive hosts); equilibrium (expansion of transformed cells is held in check by immunity); and escape (tumour cell variants with dampened immunogenicity or the capacity to attenuate immune responses grow into clinically apparent cancers). Extensive experimental support now exists for the elimination and escape processes because immunodeficient mice develop more carcinogen-induced and spontaneous cancers than wild-type mice, and tumour cells from immunodeficient mice are more immunogenic than those from immunocompetent mice. In contrast, the equilibrium process was inferred largely from clinical observations, including reports of transplantation of undetected (occult) cancer from organ donor into immunosuppressed recipients. Herein we use a mouse model of primary chemical carcinogenesis and demonstrate that equilibrium occurs, is mechanistically distinguishable from elimination and escape, and that neoplastic cells in equilibrium are transformed but proliferate poorly in vivo. We also show that tumour cells in equilibrium are unedited but become edited when they spontaneously escape immune control and grow into clinically apparent tumours. These results reveal that, in addition to destroying tumour cells and sculpting tumour immunogenicity, the immune system of a naive mouse can also restrain cancer growth for extended time periods.     

催化剂结构对SCR脱硝性能影响分析

为评估新能源大规模并网下,煤电机组频繁调峰引起选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝装置氨逃逸率的变化问题,通过MATLAB编程方法构建SCR脱硝三维数值模型,就催化剂结构参数对脱硝性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明：催化剂孔节距对脱硝效率及氨逃逸率影响显著,反应温度为629.15K时,催化剂孔节距从6 mm增加到12 mm,SCR脱硝效率由72.63％降到51.04％,氨逃逸率由9.76％上升到25.1％;SCR脱硝性能随催化剂长度增加而增强,反应温度为639.15 K时,催化剂长度从300 mm增加到1 000 mm,脱硝效率由36.23％上升至69.05％;氨逃逸率由51.15％降低至8.90％。电厂负荷下降有利氨逃逸率降低,负荷从550 MW降低至330 MW脱硝效率由67.71％上升至73.28％,氨逃逸率由1.1％降低至0.14％。煤质劣化使氨逃逸率上升,煤质热值由 16747.2J下降至 15491.16J脱硝效率由71.14％上升至71.73％,氨逃逸率由1.47％上升至1.72％。     

智能火灾逃生指挥系统仿真设计研究——以普通学生宿舍为例

以普通学生宿舍为模型，设计一个智能火灾逃生指挥系统。该系统能在火灾发生时及时监测火情并发出预警，指挥火场人员进行撤离，以此来避免火场人员因心理恐惧而造成的判断失误导致未能及时离开火场，减少不必要的人员伤亡和财产损失。     

二维混沌哈密顿体系的逃逸率

研究二维混沌哈密顿体系的逃逸率在逃逸阈值附近的规律.对Hénon-Heiles系统添加一个势垒,通过改变势垒的位置、宽度、高度等参数可以产生一系列混沌体系.对这些体系的逃逸率随体系能量变化的解析公式和数值计算提取的结果一致,并可以用参数化公示表达.在阈值附近,这些体系的逃逸率随能量的增加总是呈现线性关系.结果提供了进一步的证据,证明有光滑开口的二维保守混沌体系的逃逸率随能量线性增加可能是普适结论.     

擒纵轮的滚刀齿形

本文运用轮齿的切成原理解决了负压力角的擒纵轮齿廓的等齿距铲磨滚刀的齿形设计问题,从而可大大提高滚刀的使用寿命,节省滚刀制作时间和生产成本.     

RIKEN介观器件腔中粒子逃逸曲线的无标度区研究

RIKEN介观器件腔中的粒子逃逸曲线存在混沌性质,是研究分形及自相似结构的理想模型。本文通过对混沌逃逸曲线及无标度区的研究,发现自相似结构并用相似比进行了定义。通过不同自相似结构的对比,发现同一无标度区内相似比具有恒定性,并得到了相似比与分形维数的线性关系。该研究使相似比成为定量描述无标度区以及混沌性质的手段,为混沌性质的表征提供了新的方法。     

粤东地区野生悬钩子植物资源

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本及有关文献 ,对粤东地区悬钩子植物进行研究 .结果表明 :粤东地区野生分布的悬钩子属植物计有 1 9种 ,1变种 ,其中饶平悬钩子 (RubusraopingensisYuetLu)为粤东特有种 .文中编制了粤东悬钩子植物检索表 ,并就本地区悬钩子植物的开发利用潜力进行评价     

一种最优码宽的Barker码超声测量技术研究

超声编码发射技术是一种有效的提高超声测量精度的方法。本研究通过实验验证,提出了在超声测量中,采用最优码宽的13位Barker数字编码激励并结合匹配滤波解码压缩的方法替代传统的单脉冲激励的方法,通过对回波信号能量压缩以及对测量系统的优化,并且在实验的基础上加入渡越时间的修正量,形成了新的超声液位测量技术,并通过实验进行验证。仿真和实验结果表明,液面静止状态下,巴克码激励方式渡越时间修正前与修正后测量绝对误差比单脉冲激励方式分别最少减小0.631mm和1.617mm;与传统的单脉冲测量在分辨率、信噪比等方面比较,编码激励技术能有效地改善超声测量的精度,具有较强的实际应用价值和市场前景。     

宋代富民诡名寄产及挟户规模考察

宋代富民为逃脱税役而隐匿资产,或将土地财产诡托于真假官户、寺观、贫民下户和逃亡户,或诡分子户,少则几户,多见几十户、上百户。官民诡分子户在下户中所占比例高达70—90%,诡户者可占到总户数的21.5—41.4%,其中富民之诡户大概为总户数五分之一到五分之二之间。富民上户以诡名寄产逃脱赋役现象的普遍存在,说明这是他们作为一个阶层的共同行为,对唐宋以来国家所确立的以财富为主要征税依据的赋役政策的逃避或反抗。