不确定性优化方法在船型优化设计中的应用

为了使非高精度的近似模型在船型优化中发挥最大效用,引入不确定性优化方法,采用区间数描述反向传播(BP)神经网络构建的兴波阻力系数近似模型的不确定性,基于主尺度与船型系数联合组成的设计空间构建了最小总阻力的优化模型.采用双层嵌套优化体系,外层采用加入学习因子改进策略的粒子群算法对引入罚函数的总阻力目标函数进行优化,内层采用改进的快速模拟退火算法针对近似模型的不确定域求解目标函数区间.算例表明了不确定性优化体系的优越性与两种优化算法的适用性.     

计及不确定性的虚拟电厂竞标模型

电力市场的电价具有不确定性特征,虚拟电厂参与市场竞标时如何处理不确定性因素的影响值得深入研究。为此基于集合经验模态分解和相关向量机的区间预测(EEMD-RVM)模型实现电价的区间预测,应用鲁棒优化的方法处理电力市场电价的不确定性,从而建立计及市场电价不确定性的虚拟电厂鲁棒优化竞标模型。算例分析讨论了电价不确定性对虚拟电厂(VPP)竞标的影响,以及不同节点电价对VPP与外部电网能量调配的影响。算例结果验证了所提模型的有效性和实用性,说明文章提出的鲁棒优化模型可以实现VPP的优化竞标。     

装备维修器材仓库选址鲁棒优化模型

为避免参数扰动导致决策失效,提出了一种维修器材仓库选址模型的鲁棒优化方法.首先采用情景分析法对维修器材需求量的不确定性进行描述,确定情景集合;其次引入可调节风险系数,建立维修器材效益最大化与费用最小化的双目标鲁棒优化模型,并采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对所建的多目标模型进行求解;最后将所得鲁棒解代入各情景,求得目标值以供决策....     

不确定结构的区间可靠性优化设计

对不确定结构的区间可靠性进行了研究，建立了基于区间可靠性的优化设计模型.采用结合嵌套遗传算法和径向基函数神经网络的模型，进行区间的直接优化，解决了基于区间可靠性的优化设计求解问题，避免了间接模型的复杂转换过程.充分考虑了实际工程中设计向量存在扰动的情况，提出了该情况下目标函数波动的约束，使目标函数和约束函数在扰动下依然满足可靠性要求.通过数值算例验证了模型的有效性和优越性.将所提出的模型用于具有区间不确定参数的行车平板优化，结果表明了所提方法的可行性和工程有效性.     

一类多目标优化问题的区间斜率法

讨论了一类多目标优化问题的区间斜率方法,其中目标函数是一阶连续可微的。结合评价函数法将多目标优化问题转化为无约束的minimax问题,通过构造目标函数的区间扩张无解区域删除原则,建立求解minimax问题的区间算法,并证明了算法的收敛性。结合数值算例,理论证明和数值结果可靠有效。     

不确定成本下轴辐网络关键枢纽识别模型

为识别不确定运输成本下的轴辐网络关键枢纽,在枢纽阻断中位问题模型(r-Hub Interdiction Median Problem,r-HIMP)的基础上,采用不确定区间集合描述运输成本的不确定性,引入不确定性预算参数调节解的鲁棒性与最优性,构建不确定成本下的枢纽阻断中位问题模型(rHIMP under uncertain cost,r-HIMPUC),采用对偶与线性化方法将r-HIMPUC双层规划模型转化为单层线性规划模型,通过优化软件CPLEX求解并以算例验证了模型的有效性.结果表明:当不确定性预算参数为0时,模型r-HIMPUC等价于r-HIMP;当不确定性预算参数不为0时,模型r-HIMPUC与r-HIMP的关键枢纽识别结果存在差异.此外,运输成本的偏差、不确定性预算参数对关键枢纽识别结果有影响,决策者可根据风险偏好对不确定性预算参数取值.     

利用灰区间解决费用函数线性化区间划分问题

作为水质规划目标的费用函数往往是非线性的,解决这种非线性规则问题常常是将目标函数线性化,然后利用单纯形法求解。通过算例证实：由于分段区间划分的任意性,规划结果有很大的不确定性,若采用灰色区间的方法能够有效解决该问题。     

一类带约束多目标优化问题的区间算法

重点研究了带约束多目标优化问题的区间算法,其中目标函数和约束条件均为Lips-chitz连续函数。结合评价函数法将带约束的多目标优化问题转化为无约束优化问题,并给出相应的区间扩张,对相关定理进行了证明。利用二分原则和区域删除检验原则,构造了求解多目标优化问题的区间算法,并给出具体算例。结果表明,所建立的算法是可靠有效的。     

基于风险态度的紧急物资保障方案研究

从全局上考虑紧急物资保障的路径选择问题和保障点组合问题，建立了基于风险态度的紧急物资保障规划模型。在路径选择问题中，用区间数表示网络权值，用偏好结构因子来表示决策者的风险态度，群组决策确定网络权值，求取保障点到需求点的最短路径；在多保障点组合问题中，以最早保障时间为约束条件，最少保障点数目为目标函数，建立了保障方案优化模型，从而在全局上解决了紧急物资保障问题，最后给出了一个算例。     

基于不确定性和隔代遗传的矿用车平顺性优化

建立了八自由度的矿用自卸车整车数学模型,并基于动态仿真模型构建设计变量和不确定变量与目标函数之间的近似模型,采用双层嵌套的隔代遗传算法,内层在不确定域上求解目标函数区间,外层对设计变量寻优,对该模型进行平顺性优化.最后与确定优化的结果进行比较,得出了不确定性优化的优越性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-