In vitro inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis by phenothiazine ataractic drugs

Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zu Feststellungen anderer Forscher hemmten Chlorpromazin und zwei strukturell verwandte ataraktisch wirkende Phenothiazinderivate die anaerobe Glykolyse von homogenisiertem Rattenhirn. Der Nachweis dieser Hemmung bedarf einer längeren Inkubation, was auf die Mitwirkung eines zeitbedingten Vorgangs, wie metabolische Umwandlung der Phenothiazine in Hemmstoffe, deutet.     

On the mechanism of the inhibitory action of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine on poliovirus growth

Riassunto La 2-amino-4,6-dicloropirimidina inibisce 10 sviluppo del Poliovirus rendendo i precursori capsidici incapaci di partecipare alla formazione di particelle infettanti. Questo effetto è irreversibile in quanto la sostanza è avidamente incorporata e ritenuta dalle cellule infette. L'antagonismo esercitato dall'azione combinata di glutamina e cisteina fa ritenere che la pirimidina sostituita svolga il suo effetto interreagendo con questi due aminoacidi dopo la loro incorporazione nei precursori capsidici.     

On the inhibitory effect of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine on growth of Vaccinia virus

Summary 2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine prevents mutation of Vaccinia virus. Proteins synthesized in the presence of the drug are not assembled into virions.This work has been supported by a special grant of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (virus Project) Rome, Italy.     

On the inhibitory effect of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine on growth of vaccinia virus.

2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine prevents maturation of Vaccinia virus. Proteins synthesized in the presence of the drug are not assembled into virions.     

On the mechanism of modification of radiation effect by dimethyl sulfoxide

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die früher in vivo beobachtete dichotome Wechselwirkung zwischen Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) und Röntgenstrahlen in vitro an einem System von Säugetierzellen untersucht. Wird 3% DMSO vor der Bestrahlung zugefügt, so wirkt es als Radioprotektor, gleichgültig, ob unmittelbar nach der Bestrahlung entfernt oder während der Reparationszeit belassen. Das Überleben wird auffallend erhöht, wenn eine Konzentration von 15% DMSO während der Bestrahlung vorhanden ist oder aber unmittelbar danach entfernt wird. Verbleibt der Wirkstoff während der Reparationszeit, so kommt es zu einer drastischen Herabsetzung der Überlebensquote.

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Supported in part by N.I.H. Grants No. 5 P02 CA10438-02 and No. 5 T01 CA5184-03.     

On the dependence of nuclear oxidative phosphorylation on glycolysis in isolated rat thymus nuclei

Résumé Les expériences présentées montrent qu'il est possible d'inhiber au maximum la glycolyse des noyaux isolés du thymus de rat, sans influencer la respiration et la synthèse d'ATP. Elles suggèrent ainsi que, dans ces noyaux, la phosphorylation oxydative ne dépend pas forcément de la glycolyse.     

An in vivo study of the effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on renal gluconeogenesis

Zusammenfassung Bei durch Ammoniumchlorid 10 Tage azidotisch gemachten Hunden übertraf die venöse Glukosekonzentration in der Niere die arterielle. Der gesamte Blutdurchfluss blieb indessen konstant.     

The effect of bisphosphonates on glycolysis in cultured calvaria cells and their homogenate

Rat calvaria cells previously cultured for 7 days in the presence of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) or dichloromethylenebisphosphonate (Cl2MBP), showed a decrease in the glycolytic pathway. When glycolysis was analyzed under anaerobic conditions, this effect was not observed. The inhibition by the bisphosphonates occurred to a similar degree regardless of whether lactate production was measured in whole cells or in cell homogenates. Bisphosphonates added directly to the homogenate had no inhibitory effect. Thus, the effect is not a direct one and is unlikely to be due to a soluble mediator in the cytoplasm.     

Mesenchymal stem cells from preterm to term newborns undergo a significant switch from anaerobic glycolysis to the oxidative phosphorylation

We evaluated the energy metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from umbilical cord (UC) of preterm (< 37 weeks of gestational age) and term (≥ 37 weeks of gestational age) newborns, using MSC from adult bone marrow as control. A metabolic switch has been observed around the 34th week of gestational age from a prevalently anaerobic glycolysis to the oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic change is associated with the organization of mitochondria reticulum: preterm MSCs presented a scarcely organized mitochondrial reticulum and low expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial fission/fusion, compared to term MSCs. These changes seem governed by the expression of CLUH, a cytosolic messenger RNA-binding protein involved in the mitochondria biogenesis and distribution inside the cell; in fact, CLUH silencing in term MSC determined a metabolic fingerprint similar to that of preterm MSC. Our study discloses novel information on the production of energy and mitochondrial organization and function, during the passage from fetal to adult life, providing useful information for the management of preterm birth.     

On the inhibitory action of endosperm on germination ofCercis siliquastrum seeds

Summary The endosperm inhibits the growth of embryos isolated fromCercis siliquastrum seeds. The inhibitory activity is present in autoclaved homogenates as well as in homogenates remaining after an extraction with chloroform or isobutanol.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to thank Prof. E. Marré, Milan University, for his help in preparation of this paper.