具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

宏观收入分配不等性分析

宏观收入量的分配不仅反映一个国家总体消费的基础水平，而且影响到各阶层消费水平及消费方式．虽然一个国家的宏观收入量的分配不可能绝对平等，但是不等性的大小往往影响到社会和经济的发展，影响到社会的稳定．本文采用洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数来描述宏观收入的不等性，并结合实际情况对我国宏观收入的不等性进行了具体的分析．     

灵的生成与幻的起舞--《百年孤独》艺术论之一

马尔克思以"外祖母讲故事的方式"撰写<百年孤独>,这方式主要是思维认知方式而非一般所认为的结构言语方式,即作者重在借拟拉美土著有灵论者认识事物的方式讲述故事.为此,千姿百态的灵幻便成为小说的外在主体,它逼真而深刻地展示了拉美民族的精魂,且形成了一种奇美而超绝的艺术品格.     

Schwinger变换与二粒子耦合体系Hamiltonian的对角化技术

用Schwinger变换给出了耦合形式为C（a1＋a2＋a2＋a1）＋Bi（a1＋a2－a2＋a1）的二粒子耦合体系Hamiltonian的对角化技术．方便地求得了此类Hamiltonian能量本征值的准确解．     

二元关系半群 的一类左单位的构造

设 是任意的非空集合, 是集合 上的半格, 是任意集值变换．通过 上的极值变换 定义集合 上由半格 确定的二元关系,而 是集合 上由半格 确定的所有二元关系构成的集合,并且 在二元关系的乘积运算构成半群．利用半群 左单位已有的结论,以及二元关系之间的包含关系,可以获得 的一类左单位的重要特征,从而可以构造出半群 的一类左单位.     

确定材料屈服极限的一种新方法

基于厚壁圆筒的弹性失效准则所确定的圆筒的初始屈服压力与材料的屈服极限的关系,设计了一种测定材料屈服极限的实验方法,并测得了一组实验数据.通过对该实验数据的分析得到了圆筒的初始屈服压力,最终求得了材料的屈服极限.由于该实验值与理论值误差较小,表明了该实验方法具有较好的可靠性.该方法对研究材料的机械性能及压力容器的失效规律具有一定的工程实际意义和理论价值.     

有蓄冷器冰箱冻室的温度特征

用双集总热容和双等效热阻的模型，讨论了放有蓄冷器的冰箱冷冻室在保冷期的温度特性，给出了蓄冷器温度Ｔｂ，冷冻室壁温Ｔｗ以及冷冻室温度Ｔａ随时间变化的具体关系式，算值与实验作了比较，吻合良好．理论分析的结果，为蓄冷器设计及其与冰箱的良好匹配提供了科学依据．     

粗集理论中的决策表条件属性的简化

根据粗集理论，给出一些概念的新的形式定义，包括决策表、决策表的正区、决策表条件属性的简化、等价关系族对前件Ⅱ型简化等，并讨论了几个等价关系，包括决策表的正区与等价关系族对正区的等价性，决策表条件属性的简化和等价关系族对前件Ⅰ型简化的等价性，协调决策表条件属性的简化和等价关系族对前件Ⅱ型简化的等价性等．     

混频三极管噪声系数的新算法

根据混频三极管特殊的工作状态,即输出中频选频网络对输入载频及其附近的信号相当于短路,计算分析了输入回路的噪声源对输出的影响。依据管子内部反馈作用可以不考虑的特点,提出了混频器噪声系数的新算法。     

超小波发展综述

从问题发展的角度,论述了超小波在理论数学中的发展及其成果,简介了规范紧框架小波扩展为超小波的性质以及利用仿射结构构造超小波的方法,给出了一些公开问题,指出了新的研究方向.超小波是基于小波分析基础上的信号分析方法,关于规范紧框架小波扩展成超小波已经得到了一些重要结果,但是规范紧框架小波扩展为超小波的充分和必要条件还是一个公开问题,而且关于MRA超小波的一些重要方面也是公开的.     

计算岩体边坡安全系数的程序实现

岩体失稳是岩体边坡变形达到一定程度的结果,岩体边坡稳定性评价是岩体工程中经常碰到的问题．应用VC＋＋编译平台,利用VC＋＋的封装性、继承性、可操作性和编程界面可视化的优点,编制了利用圆弧法、平面滑动法、楔形体法、SARMA法计算岩体边坡安全系数的windows应用程序;同时编制了带有帮助文档的安装版,这对解决岩石边坡稳定计算问题和预测岩体滑坡具有良好的应用前景．