IPA1 promotes highyield and resistance to rice blast disease

正With supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education in China,the research team led by Prof.Chen XueWei (陈学伟)at the Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,and Prof.Li JiaYang (李家洋)at the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research,Institute of Genetics and     

水旱稻分化与节水抗旱稻

 普通野生稻在向栽培稻演化的过程中,形成旱稻和水稻两类适应不同土壤水分条件的生态类型,其中旱稻先于水稻驯化且长期受到“产量-抗旱性”的“双向选择”。采用“双向选择”策略,可将水稻的高产优质特性与旱稻的节水抗旱特性整合,育成节水抗旱稻。节水抗旱稻的水分利用效率高、抗旱性强,适合于“旱直播旱管”的绿色栽培模式,既可在水田不淹水栽培,又可在旱地或山坡地直播种植,拓展了栽培稻的种植空间。节水抗旱稻生产过程中可大幅度节约灌溉用水、减少面源污染和甲烷排放,降低劳动成本。     

水稻的病程相关基因简

在几乎所有的植物中都有病程相关（pathogenesis-related,PR）基因的报道,其广泛存在及序列特征和功能的保守性提示着其重要性. 最初发现PR基因主要是由于它们在植物受到病原物侵染时会大量表达. 但近年来的研究表明,PR基因在衰老、伤害、非生物逆境胁迫、激素处理甚至正常生长发育过程中也发挥着作用. 由于PR基因种类、数目较多,前期的命名系统不统一,给深入了解PR基因的功能造成了不便. 本文系统整理了水稻PR基因的相关报道,集合了PR基因的类别、数目、名称、注释信息、代表性基因的功能,归纳了PR基因在抗病、抗逆和发育过程中的转录或表达特征及转PR基因后的表现,并以Loc号和序列为核心,将文献中有不同名称的同一基因进行了对应. 另外,还展望了水稻PR基因研究的意义和今后的重点研究方向,以供同行参考.     

COLD1 interacts with G-protein to elicit Ca~(2+) signaling for cold tolerancein rice

<正>Japonica(Oryza sativassp.japonica)and indica(O.sativassp.indica),the two major subspecies of Asian cultivated rice,exhibit significant difference in cold tolerance How do they evolve the signaling pathway in response to chilling during the divergence?This remains largely unknown.Recently,the scientists from the Institute of Botany,CAS and China National Rice Research Institute,CAAS and their collabora-     

虫害诱导的水稻挥发物抑制水稻病原菌的生长

虫害诱导的植物挥发物在调节植物、植食性昆虫及其天敌的相互关系以及植物与植物之间的化学通讯中有重要作用. 为了阐明植物挥发物功能的多样性, 研究了虫害诱导的水稻挥发物对植物病原菌生长的影响. 结果表明, 供试的7种虫害诱导的水稻挥发物对稻瘟病菌Pyricularia grisea Sacc. 和水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. 的生长均有抑制作用. 挥发物的种类以及不同的处理浓度导致了抑制作用间的差异, 其中绿叶性气味物质(E)-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-己烯-1-醇对病原菌抑制作用最强, 另外萜烯类物质中芳樟醇对其也有明显的抑制. 虫害诱导的挥发物对植物病原菌生长的抑制说明了植物间接防御物质具有对植物病原菌直接防御的功能, 植物挥发物在植物病虫害防治中的潜力巨大.     

"Molecule secret" for the high production of rice

With the funding support from NSFC, the research team directed by Prof. Jiaxiang Li (Member of CAS) from Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS and Prof. Qian Qian from China National Rice Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences deeply studied "Rice Tillering" in the subject of Molecular Genetics, and made glorious achievement.     

水稻油体钙蛋白家族的进化及对干旱胁迫的响应性分析

油体钙蛋白不仅参与了油体的形成, 而且可能与植物耐受干旱胁迫有关. 目前对水稻中的油体钙蛋白的功能了解很少. 本文通过对水稻基因组数据库的序列搜索, 确定了水稻油体钙蛋白基因家族的6 个成员. 通过对这些基因的序列、结构和染色体位置分析, 表明水稻油体钙蛋白基因家族的扩增可能与片段复制和串联重复有关. 通过对这些基因与其他物种中的油体钙蛋白基因的系统进化分析及功能比较分析, 揭示了拟南芥和水稻中功能可能对应的成员. 为了确定与干旱胁迫响应相关的油体钙蛋白基因, 通过荧光定量PCR 检测了水稻油体钙蛋白家族在根、叶、花中的表达, 以及在这些组织中响应干旱胁迫的表达情况, 发现有3个基因成员在不同组织中受干旱胁迫的诱导, 为进一步对它们展开功能分析奠定了基础.     

A microRNA-miR397 boosts rice grain yield

Rice yield is a complex trail that is directly associated with grain size,panicle number and the number of grains per panicle.Although several genes have been identified to regulate these traits,our knowledge of the molecular networks that control rice yield is still limited.     

Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate nitrogen-use efficiencyin rice

<正>With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Dr.Fu Xiangdong,Principle Investigator of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,published his research findings in an article"Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate nitrogen-use efficiency in rice"in Nature Genetics(2014,46(4):652—7).     

The new rice 57H mutants to explore

谷蛋白是水稻种子储藏蛋白的主要成分本研究采用SDS-PAGE技术,从90份水稻种质中,发掘出1个57KD谷蛋白前体高量表达、其他储藏蛋白性状没有明显变化的新型57H突变体所发掘的突变体,是可用于水稻蛋白质营养品质遗传育种研究的有用素材.     

Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in the whispering gallery mode microresonator

<正>With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research group led by Dr.Dong Chunhua(董春华)at the CAS Key Lab of Quantum Information,University of Science and Technology of China,experimen     

水稻高温感知及响应机制的研究进展

全球气候变暖威胁粮食安全,水稻极易受到高温的影响而减产。植物通过不同层面感知高温并激活下游的高温响应,包括膜流动性、蛋白质内稳态和活性氧内稳态平衡的改变等。水稻在不同的亚细胞结构(细胞膜、内质网、叶绿体)和不同的生理生化过程(核酸、蛋白质、代谢)上响应高温。自然位点在生产应用上更为便捷,其中TT1(Thermotolerance 1)、TT2、TT3是三个重要的水稻耐高温自然位点,并分别通过参与毒性蛋白清除、钙信号介导的蜡质代谢以及细胞膜-叶绿体信号转导调控水稻抗热,因此挖掘耐高温自然位点,解析作物高温感知及响应机制,为培育抗高温作物新品种提供理论基础,具有重要意义。     

Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of widely-used WA type cytoplasmid male sterility in hybrid rice

Hybrid rice is a great achievement of China in agriculture.Three-line hybrid rice breeding is mainly based on the exploitation of cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS）systems.The molecular mechanisms on CMS induction in plants are largely unknown.With the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research group headed by Prof.Liu Yaoguang in South China Agricultural University has conducted a series of innovative studies focusing on the gene isolation and mechanistic analyses of CMS systems in rice.     

Pan-genome analysis identifies complex genetic variation in cultivated and wild rice

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the research groups led by Prof.Huang XueHui(黄学辉)from Shanghai Normal University and Prof.Han Bin(韩斌)from the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences constructed a pan-genome dataset of O.sativa-O.rufipogonspecies complex,which was published in Nature Genetics     

SPOP acts as the key regulatory hub in hypoxia induced kidney cancer

<正>Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the groups of Dr.Liu Jiang at Beijing Institute of Genomics,CAS and Dr.Kevin White from the University of Chicago,reported that the E3ligase adaptor SPOP acts as the key regulatory hub in hypoxia induced tumorigenesis in kidney cancer.The work has been published in Cancer Cell(2014,25(4):455—468).     

Molecular basis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae utilizing autophagy and cell wall integrity signaling to govern pathogenicity

<正>With the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Zhang ZhengGuang(张正光)at the Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops of Education,Department of Plant Pathology,College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,went a step further into examining how the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae integrates     

扫描隧道显微镜诱导发光的历史和进展

扫描隧道显微镜(STM)不仅可以用来观察和操纵纳米世界的一个个原子和分子, 而且其高度局域化的隧穿电流还可以用来激发隧道结发光, 能提供隧道结微腔内与各种激发及其衰变有关的局域电磁场响应和跃迁本质等信息. 这种利用STM隧穿电流的激发来研究隧道结发光特性的技术称为STM诱导发光技术(STML). 本文较为详细地介绍了该领域的研究历史、现状与发展趋势. 在简要介绍光子收集与检测等实验技术后, 概述了这一领域在金属和半导体表面方面的主要研究内容, 并针对目前广泛关注的隧道结分子发光进行了详细的阐述. 最后还简单介绍了STM诱导发光机制的理论研究, 并对整个领域的发展进行了展望, 特别是STM诱导分子发光技术对于研究单分子科学、单分子光电子学、以及纳米等离激元学的广阔前景.     

基于光诱导交流电渗流的碳纳米颗粒自动化装配技术

碳纳米颗粒作为一种新颖的纳米材料,在生物医学、材料以及能源等领域都具有重要应用价值.提出一种基于光诱导交流电渗流的碳纳米颗粒自动化装配新方法.在分析了光诱导非均匀电场环境下碳纳米颗粒纳受力的基础上,建立了光诱导交流电渗流的滑移速度模型以及驱动交流电压频率模型,获得了其最优交流电压驱动频率为1kHz,并利用有限元仿真软件Comsol Multiphysics仿真分析了光诱导交流电渗流在整个装配空间的速度场分布.结合计算机视觉监控和数字投影系统,构建了基于光诱导交流电渗流的碳纳米颗粒自动化装配实验系统,进行了50nm碳颗粒的装配实验.实验结果证明,当交流电压峰值为3V,频率为1kHz时,在光诱导交流电渗流作用下,碳纳米颗粒自动地快速地富集于入射光斑的中心区域.同时,由该方法装配的碳纳米颗粒结构在高度方向上可达到1μm.结果证明,光诱导交流电渗流方法在纳米颗粒的操作与装配,以及三维纳米结构以及纳米传感器构建方面具有重要的应用前景.