基于核壳荧光纳米颗粒的一种新型纳米pH传感器

改进了一种基于新型的荧光染料——二氧化硅的核壳荧光纳米颗粒的纳米pH传感器，以异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的羊抗人免疫球蛋白IgG为核材料，采用实验条件简单的油包水的微乳液方法制备荧光纳米颗粒，该方法有效地防止了荧光染料在二氧化硅壳层中的泄露。这种FITC的核壳荧光纳米颗粒对pH敏感，在pH值5．5—7之间呈线性响应，且能被单个小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬，借此用于单细胞中pH的实时监测。     

pH响应MSNs@polymer(FITC/FA)核-壳结构双重药物载体

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MSNs)表面接枝具有pH响应的聚2-(二异丙基氨基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PDPA),点击化学修饰聚乙二醇(PEG)、叶酸(FA)及荧光基团异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC),制备无机/有机复合材料的核-壳结构纳米颗粒(MSNs@polymer(FITC/FA))。通过细胞实验证明了所合成的纳米颗粒的生物相容性以及对于肿瘤细胞的靶向性和示踪性,结果表明该纳米颗粒可以同时在核层和壳层分别包载抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇(PTX)和多药耐药逆转剂他克莫司(FK506),其释药动力学研究结果显示在生理环境pH 7.4的条件下仅有约20%的药物泄漏,在pH 5.0的条件下存在24 h后超过80%的药物可以被释放。实验证明通过使药物分别分布在核层和壳层,可实现药物的分阶段释放。MSNs@polymer(FITC/FA)有望解决临床上抗肿瘤药物的多药耐药性问题。     

SiO_2包覆的银纳米颗粒及其团簇的表面增强荧光效应

在高温条件下以乙二醇为还原剂,制备银纳米颗粒,并用改良的St?ber方法,在银纳米颗粒及其多聚体外面包覆一层8 nm左右的二氧化硅,制备出Ag@SiO_2复合纳米颗粒.二氧化硅壳层的包覆不仅可以调控有机分子和银纳米颗粒之间的距离,避免荧光猝灭,还可以提高金属颗粒的分散性和稳定性,有效地拓展其在生物领域中的应用.利用电子束刻蚀技术在衬底表面做记号,成功标记出单个状态的Ag@SiO_2复合纳米颗粒及其多聚体.以Rh6G为探测分子,系统研究了颗粒尺寸、多聚体聚合程度以及激发光的偏振性质对表面增强荧光效应的影响.结果表明,Ag@SiO_2纳米复合衬底对吸附在其表面的Rh6G分子具有明显的荧光增强作用,且增强效果受到颗粒粒径、团聚程度、分布方式以及偏振性质变化的调控.     

表面连接与核-壳型键合FITC荧光纳米硅球的制备及性能比较

以异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)为荧光分子,二氧化硅为生物相容性载体制备荧光纳米硅球.为增强硅球的稳定性,引入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)做桥梁分子,由于FITC、SiO_2与APTES连接顺序的非单一性,分别制备了表面连接型和核-壳型键合FITC的荧光硅球,并对其形貌和光漂白性进行了比较.实验结果表明,核-壳型和表面连接型荧光硅球形貌相似粒径接近,但表面连接型光漂白性严重.进而,对核-壳型中典型的包硅方法——St9ber法和反相微乳液法进行比较,结果表明,反相微乳液法制备的核-壳型键合FITC的荧光硅球荧光信号更强、粒径更小且分散性良好,同时在7h内荧光染料泄漏程度小于8%,30min内荧光强度仅降低2.2%,具备低染料泄露、光稳定性好等优点.     

核壳结构纳米二氧化硅/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液粒子的制备及性能

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了低乳化剂含量的核壳结构纳米二氧化硅/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液粒子,通过红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜 （TEM）、热重分析仪（TG）和水接触角仪对样品进行了表征。结果表明,核壳结构复合乳液粒子以纳米二氧化硅为核,聚丙烯酸酯为壳;复合乳液中乳化剂含量为丙烯酸酯质量的0.9%,随着纳米二氧化硅含量的增加,凝胶率增大,反应转化率降低,纳米二氧化硅大量存在于凝胶物中;核壳结构的纳米二氧化硅/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液与水的接触角变小,复合乳液胶膜热稳性优于纯丙胶膜。     

多层核-壳结构高分子-钨-二氧化硅复合微球的制备研究

以反相悬浮聚合法制备的P（AM—co—MAA）高分子微凝胶为模板，经过离心沉积法制备得到了P（AM—co—MAA）-W复合微球，然后对复合微球进行表面修饰，最终在其表面直接包覆纳米二氧化硅颗粒，得到了具有多层核一壳结构的P（AM—co—MAA）-W—SiO2复合微球材料．通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换-红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射等手段对复合微球进行了一系列的表征，结果表明在高分子微凝胶表面形成了完整的金属钨和二氧化硅壳层、     

基于亚甲基蓝二氧化硅纳米颗粒的细胞与活体成像

采用反相微乳液法,制备了以亚甲基蓝为内核材料的亚甲基蓝二氧化硅纳米颗粒,通过优化亚甲基蓝的包裹浓度获得荧光信号较强的纳米颗粒,并初步考察了其用于He-la细胞标记与体内示踪的可行性.通过MTT实验考察了颗粒对细胞的毒性影响以及较为适宜的标记细胞的浓度,结果表明:当颗粒浓度为1mg/mL时,细胞的存活率仍有80%左右.利用激光共聚焦显微镜考察了Hela细胞对颗粒的吞噬情况以及颗粒在细胞内的分布情况,结果表明,该颗粒能被Hela细胞吞噬且主要分布在溶酶体内.活体荧光成像结果显示,尾静脉注射该颗粒后,裸鼠全身都发射出近红外荧光信号,随着血液的循环,颗粒慢慢聚集在肝脏等器官中.以上结果表明,包裹亚甲基蓝的二氧化硅纳米颗粒可以用于细胞的标记和体内示踪成像.     

二氧化硅荧光纳米颗粒的性质及应用

二氧化硅壳核型荧光纳米颗粒有良好的水溶性,易于制备、分离和表面修饰,具有无法比拟的特性,己经在生物分析的很多领域得到了广泛的应用,具有广泛的应用前景。     

聚乳酸/纳米二氧化硅原位复合材料的制备和性能

以丙交酯和改性后的纳米二氧化硅为原料,在辛酸亚锡催化作用下,制备了聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。分别用红外光谱（FT-IR）,热失重分析（TG）,扫描电镜（SEM）等对其化学结构和性能进行了分析和表征。FT-IR和SEM分析表明,纳米二氧化硅与聚乳酸发生了化学结合,并且均匀的分散于聚乳酸基体中。TG结果表明,随着纳米二氧化硅含量的增加,聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料的热稳定性提高。通过力学性能分析可以看出无机纳米粒子的加入提高了材料的拉伸强度。     

Au@SiO2颗粒对石墨烯量子点拉曼信号的增强作用

采用金纳米颗粒包覆了一层二氧化硅壳层作为实验材料,利用该核壳材料增强石墨烯量子点的拉曼信号,并实现了单颗粒增强.实验中,二氧化硅的厚度可以通过反应时间得到控制,该壳层可以增强金纳米颗粒的化学和物理稳定性.本文方法与使用纯金纳米颗粒增强石墨烯量子点拉曼信号相比,其拉曼信号强度增强了20%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with