内燃兰金循环发动机爆震控制试验

基于一台改造的双缸柴油机,结合自行开发的进气及缸内高温水喷射系统,针对高压缩比、高氧浓度下内燃兰金循环发动机爆震工况开展试验研究.结果表明,与空气进气相比,高氧浓度进气会导致爆震出现,通过对缸内压力进行傅里叶变换和带通滤波后得到的爆震强度可达0.26 MPa.在爆震工况下结合缸内高温高压水喷射策略,可以有效抑制爆震强度,维持缸内燃烧过程稳定,与此同时,高温高压水吸热蒸发汽化,有效提高系统热效率.     

采用离子电流法的发动机非正常燃烧诊断

为了在线获得发动机工作过程中气缸内的燃烧信息,并对发动机非正常燃烧进行诊断,在一台点燃式汽油机的气缸垫内对称布置8个离子电流测量电极,来采集发动机正常燃烧与爆震、失火时气缸内的离子电流信号,经分析比较给出了爆震和失火的诊断依据。结果显示:爆震时,气缸垫内4号测量电极测得的离子电流信号的峰值大于1μA,7号测量电极测得的离子电流信号提前出现且在上止点附近;失火时,5号、6号测量电极测得的离子电流很微弱,小于0.2μA,离子电流信号推迟出现且在上止点后30°~40°之间。该结果可为离子电流法获取点燃式及压燃式发动机气缸内不同位置的信息提供理论依据,且方法简单易行、获得燃烧信息全面,可为实现基于离子电流法的发动机电控系统开发提供实验基础。     

火花塞离子电流传感器在发动机敲缸探测上的应用研究

提出了一种直接利用火花塞作为检测传感器测量发动机爆震的新方法 .通过在火花塞电极两端加偏置电压 ,测量燃烧过程中流经火花塞的离子电流 ,从而判断发动机是否爆震 .在ＤＡ4 6 2 -Ａ四缸汽油机上进行了大量的试验研究 ,采集出了爆震与非爆震时的离子电流信号 ,发现有爆震时会出现一定频率的高频信号叠加在离子电流信号上 .对所采集的信号进行快速傅里叶 (ＦＦＴ)变换 ,确定试验用发动机爆震的特征频域为10～ 11ｋＨｚ .实验结果证明 ,火花塞作为离子电流传感器是探测火花点火发动机爆震的有效、便捷方法 .火花塞离子电流传感器在发动机敲…     

离子电流法在发动机燃烧室内工作过程检测中的应用

描述了一种新的发动机信号检测方法———离子电流法 ,即直接利用火花塞电极作为传感器检测汽车发动机燃烧室内工作过程信号的方法 .当发动机工作时 ,由于工况不同、燃气密度不同 ,通过火花塞离子电流的大小及变化也将不同 ,因此利用火花塞电极作为信号感受器 ,可以检测诸如缸内压力、负荷、失火等发动机信号 ;为了获得不同目的的信号检测 ,作者首次在火花塞电极两端加不同的电压 ,获得了发动机在做功冲程以及进、排气冲程中的离子电流信号 ,为今后进一步检测其它信号 ,如爆震、排放等奠定了基础 .     

离子电流法检测发动机失火和爆震的研究

通过外加偏置电压，在火花塞两极之间形成稳定的离子电流，用监测离子电流信号的变化来实现发动机运转参数的检测。采用调整火花塞间隙，增加积碳等方式产生失火，监测失火时离子电流波形在形状与幅值上与正常燃烧时波形的差别来检测失火。通过检测爆震时产生的叠加在离子电流信号上的高频信号，就可实现爆震检测，测得的爆震频率为10-11kHz。对爆震与非爆震两种信号进行了波形对比、快速傅里叶变换（FFT）分析和爆震强度评价。试验证明，用火花塞作为传感器检测失火和爆震直观可靠，简单易行，成本低廉，具有广阔的市场潜力。     

氩气对氦-氩气体中空心阴极放电特性的影响

利用流体模型，在氦-氩混合气体环境下模拟研究了氩气含量对空心阴极放电特性的影响.结果表明，随着氩气含量的增加(摩尔分数0～10%),放电电流、电子密度、氦离子密度、氩离子密度和阴极位降区径向电场强度均升高，负辉区径向电场强度和阴极位降区宽度降低.电子密度和氩离子密度的升高要快于氦离子密度的升高.当氩气摩尔分数高于5%时，氩气对于放电的贡献已经高于氦气.     

偏置电压对离子电流信号影响的试验研究

研究了在用火花塞作传感器直接测量发动机缸内燃烧状态时检测占所加的偏置电压对检测信号的影响,提出可获得所需离子电流信号的适当的偏置电压为200－600V,研究中发现：当偏置电压不同时,不仅离子电流的幅值和持续时间不同,而且其波形也有较大差异,在燃烧过程中会出现单峰,双峰和三峰现象,当偏置电压增至5KV时,驻燃烧过程中有离子电流信号,而且在进,排气冲程中,离子电流信号也异常突出,给出了不同偏置电压下离子电流的波形特征,获得了较为理想的离子电流信号的曲线,为用火花塞作为检测传感器实现汽油机缸内燃烧信号的检测奠定了试验研究基础。     

长直管道燃烧器中离子电流信号的特征分析及其在发动机中的应用

离子电流法作为一种新型的发动机检测方法已经得到了越来越广泛的应用。本试验用离子电流法,在长直管道燃烧器中对压缩天然气-空气混合气的燃烧特性进行了实验研究。实验发现,在天然气燃烧中,离子电流信号由火焰前锋区和燃烧后区两个峰值部分组成,火焰前锋区的离子主要由H3O 和自由电子组成,而燃烧后区的离子主要由NO 和自由电子组成。同时还发现,在火焰前锋区和燃烧后区内,随着偏置电压的升高,电场力加大,电场荷电作用增强,离子电流会增大。本试验为离子电流法在汽车代用燃料燃烧研究领域中的应用进行了一些基础研究。     

火花塞离子电流传感器在发动机敲缸探测上的应用

提出了一种直接利用火花塞作为检测传感器测量发动机爆震的新方法。通过在火花塞电极两端加偏置电压,测量燃烧过程中流经火花塞的离子电流,从而判断发动机是否爆震。在ＤＡ４６２－Ａ四缸汽油机上进行了大量的试验研究,采集出了爆震与非爆震时的离子电流信号,发现有爆震时会出现一定频率的高频信号叠加在离子电流信号上。对所采集的信号进行快速傅里叶变换（ＦＦＴ）,确定试验用发动机爆震的特征频域为１０～１１ｋＨｚ。试验结     

电极几何参数对离子电流影响的试验研究

在定容燃烧弹中进行了正负电极面积对天然气-空气混合气燃烧产生的离子电流影响的研究,并将高速摄影仪在燃烧过程中拍摄的纹影照片与相应的离子电流进行分析对比.结果表明:电极直径和所布置的圆盘面积等参数不影响离子电流曲线的形态,曲线均存在点火、前锋区、后焰区3个阶段,可以完整地体现燃烧信息;电极几何参数影响电流的幅值,而且正电极面积的影响大于负电极.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-