Oenology: red wine procyanidins and vascular health

Regular, moderate consumption of red wine is linked to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and to lower overall mortality, but the relative contribution of wine's alcohol and polyphenol components to these effects is unclear. Here we identify procyanidins as the principal vasoactive polyphenols in red wine and show that they are present at higher concentrations in wines from areas of southwestern France and Sardinia, where traditional production methods ensure that these compounds are efficiently extracted during vinification. These regions also happen to be associated with increased longevity in the population.     

宁夏干红葡萄酒中反式白藜芦醇的含量测定

以宁夏三大品牌干红葡萄酒为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法对其中的反式白藜芦醇含量进行了测定,其中,对提取条件和色谱条件进行了优化.结果表明：该方法的最低检出限为0.015 mg/L,定量限为0.03 mg/L;在0.03 mg/L～300 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,线性方程为y＝1.1161x＋0.0137,R2＝0.9996;重复性较好,标品的RSD为0.23%,样品的RSD为0.18%;准确度较高,加标回收率范围在92.3%～97.1%之间;研究表明反式白藜芦醇的含量与酒的品牌、葡萄品种有较大的关系,供试样品中反式白藜芦醇含量在1.97 mg/L～3.70 mg/L之间.     

糙米酵素红曲酒的抗疲劳作用

现代社会因为饮酒引发的一系列问题已经严重影响到了人们的正常生活.研究一种低酒精度、口感醇厚的保健酒饮料来代替部分高酒精度的白酒是未来的市场需求,也是人们健康生活的需要.糙米酵素红曲酒是以糙米酵素、大米为原料,利用红曲霉进行发酵研制而成的功能酒.通过糙米酵素红曲酒灌胃小鼠后的体重检测试验、负重游泳试验,爬杆试验、脏器指数检测、血清生化检测以及氧自由基清除试验,考察糙米酵素红曲酒功能性饮料的抗疲劳作用,结果发现糙米酵素红曲酒对小鼠生活状态几乎无任何影响,对小鼠肝、肾、脾脏脏器指数和血清生化检测值无异常,并能延长小鼠负重游泳时间、延长爬杆时间,对氧自由基有一定的清除能力,清除率最高可达12.69％,具有一定的抗疲劳作用.     

耐高渗酵母的选育及其在北冰红葡萄酒中的应用

耐高渗酵母菌在浓醪发酵中起着重要的作用.从不同产地的酒曲中筛选耐高渗酵母,选育出具有良好发酵性能的冰酒专用酿酒酵母.结果表明,分离得到的3 株酵母菌,编号为J-1,J-2,J-3,均有较好的糖、乙醇、酸和SO2耐受性,能在高糖、高酸的北冰红葡萄汁中发酵良好,对后续冰酒的研究提供参考.     

耐高渗酵母的选育及其在北冰红葡萄酒中的应用

耐高渗酵母菌在浓醪发酵中起着重要的作用。从不同产地的酒曲中筛选耐高渗酵母,选育出具有良好发酵性能的冰酒专用酿酒酵母。结果表明,分离得到的3株酵母菌,编号为J-1,J-2,J-3,均有较好的糖、乙醇、酸和SO_2耐受性,能在高糖、高酸的北冰红葡萄汁中发酵良好,对后续冰酒的研究提供参考。     

基于电子鼻技术的葡萄酒分类检测方法

为了简单准确的检测葡萄酒的种类,建立了电子鼻检测系统。以三种具有相似气味的葡萄酒的种类识别为实验背景,根据葡萄酒散发的气味合理的选用了八个气敏传感器。利用主成份分析方法对传感器阵列进行优化,最后确定选用四个传感器为最终的传感器阵列,并借助Fisher判别分析方法检验其效果。使用SVM算法及BP算法分别对不同训练样本数的葡萄酒做对比实验。实验结果表明,基于PCA-SVM模式识别算法有很高的识别精度,很强的分类能力,而且在小样本分类识别实验中有着潜在的优势。     

Mechanically driven ATP synthesis by F1-ATPase

ATP, the main biological energy currency, is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate by ATP synthase in an energy-requiring reaction. The F1 portion of ATP synthase, also known as F1-ATPase, functions as a rotary molecular motor: in vitro its gamma-subunit rotates against the surrounding alpha3beta3 subunits, hydrolysing ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta-subunits. It is widely believed that reverse rotation of the gamma-subunit, driven by proton flow through the associated F(o) portion of ATP synthase, leads to ATP synthesis in biological systems. Here we present direct evidence for the chemical synthesis of ATP driven by mechanical energy. We attached a magnetic bead to the gamma-subunit of isolated F1 on a glass surface, and rotated the bead using electrical magnets. Rotation in the appropriate direction resulted in the appearance of ATP in the medium as detected by the luciferase-luciferin reaction. This shows that a vectorial force (torque) working at one particular point on a protein machine can influence a chemical reaction occurring in physically remote catalytic sites, driving the reaction far from equilibrium.     

发酵型洋葱保健酒的研制

利用酿酒酵母对洋葱破碎物进行发酵,开发一种新型的低醇保健酒.通过对发酵过程中酒度、酸度、总糖和还原糖等成分的测定,研究了发酵法酿制洋葱保健酒的生产工艺.     

HPLC法测定冯了性风湿跌打药酒中东莨菪内酯的含量

目的建立冯了性风湿跌打药酒中东莨菪内酯的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,Diamonsil C18反相色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1,检测波长360 nm。结果东莨菪内酯在0.090 08~0.900 8μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为98.42%,RSD为0.70%。结论该测定方法简便可行、重复性好,可作为冯了性风湿跌打药酒的质量控制方法。     

共固定化双菌种发酵海藻酒动力学的研究

采用PVA为载体共固定化酿酒酵母和产香酵母发酵海藻，酿造海藻酒，对游离细胞与固定化细胞的分批发酵和连续发酵的动力学进行了研究并建立了相应的发酵动力学方程。实验结果表明：酿酒酵母和产香醇母两种菌种菌量的最佳配比为4：1，发酵温度20℃，共固定化细胞分批发酵和连续发酵凝胶粒的充填系数分别为0.25和0.5，游离混合细胞的发酵时间为7d，共固定化细胞连续发酵稀释速率0.12/h，其发酵时间为0.5d左右。经160d连续发酵实验，PVA固定化细胞粒子的机械强度良好。     

Highly coupled ATP synthesis by F1-ATPase single molecules

F1-ATPase is the smallest known rotary motor, and it rotates in an anticlockwise direction as it hydrolyses ATP. Single-molecule experiments point towards three catalytic events per turn, in agreement with the molecular structure of the complex. The physiological function of F1 is ATP synthesis. In the ubiquitous F0F1 complex, this energetically uphill reaction is driven by F0, the partner motor of F1, which forces the backward (clockwise) rotation of F1, leading to ATP synthesis. Here, we have devised an experiment combining single-molecule manipulation and microfabrication techniques to measure the yield of this mechanochemical transformation. Single F1 molecules were enclosed in femtolitre-sized hermetic chambers and rotated in a clockwise direction using magnetic tweezers. When the magnetic field was switched off, the F1 molecule underwent anticlockwise rotation at a speed proportional to the amount of synthesized ATP. At 10 Hz, the mechanochemical coupling efficiency was low for the alpha3beta3gamma subcomplex (F1-epsilon)), but reached up to 77% after reconstitution with the epsilon-subunit (F1+epsilon)). We provide here direct evidence that F1 is designed to tightly couple its catalytic reactions with the mechanical rotation. Our results suggest that the epsilon-subunit has an essential function during ATP synthesis.     

微波水热法合成Eu3+掺杂的SrMoO4红色荧光粉

采用微波水热的方法在中性水溶液中合成平均长6μm、中间宽4μm的梭子形SrMoO4基体材料,并研究反应物浓度和Eu3+的掺杂量(摩尔分数3.75%～30%)及EG/H2O体积比等条件对合成的SrMoO4粉体形貌的影响。结果表明:随着Eu3+浓度的增加,形貌向片状结构转变。另外,在掺杂7.5%Eu3+时,采用加入乙二醇(EG)的方法,抑制了片状结构的生成。随着EG比例的增加,颗粒分布趋向均匀,粒径逐渐变小。当EG与H2O体积比为4∶1时,得到了分布均匀、长约0.8μm的梭子状SrMoO4∶Eu3+粉体。荧光光谱分析结果表明,梭子状SrMoO4∶Eu3+(7.5%)粉体能够被近紫外(395 nm)或者蓝光(463 nm)有效地激发,从而发射波长为614 nm的红光。     

FAAS法直接测定白酒中锰

用 FAAS法直接测定白酒中锰 ,精密度高、准确度好、快速经济、有利于批量样品的测定