工程投资项目经济评价风险研究

经济评价指标是投资项目经济效益优劣的标志,是项目决策的主要依据。宏观经济未来的不确定性,以及经营环境的复杂多变性,导致了投资项目未来的不确定性,从而带来了项目经济评价结果的不确定性,即风险性。该文通过对现金流量表达式中各风险变量的研究,假定其服从某种形式的概率分布,根据公式推导和计算,给出了各年现金流量以及项目净现值的均值和方差的计算方法,最后对风险进行了度量,并对模型进行了实例应用。     

基于模糊集和改进DS证据理论的危化品道路运输体系贝叶斯网络风险分析

针对危化品道路运输体系中影响因素信息的不确定性和专家知识推断贝叶斯网络中条件概率表时存在的主观性,提出了一种将模糊集和改进Dempster/Shafer证据理论（DS证据理论）、贝叶斯网络结合在一起的危化品道路运输体系的风险评价方法。根据危化品道路运输体系的影响因素建立了相应的风险评价体系,确定各层级的评价指标。将专家对各评价指标的评价意见代入高斯型隶属度函数构造隶属度矩阵,进行改进DS证据理论数据融合,得到多位专家评价意见融合后的概率值分布。利用贝叶斯网络的推理功能,得出危化品道路运输体系的风险等级和其中各评价指标的概率值分布,找出体系薄弱环节并进行分析。以沈阳某危险货物托运有限公司为例进行研究,结果表明该公司中危化品道路运输体系的风险值为0.611 8,风险等级为较危险（V₂）,其中人员因素概率（60%）和管理因素概率（52%）所占权重较大,需要公司重点关注并加强管理。     

基于合作的工程项目风险动态模糊评价

工程项目风险产生的主要来源是工程项目信息的不完全性和不确定性.在项目管理过程中,项目参与方合作性的好坏直接影响信息的交流,从而对工程项目的风险产生影响.在传统风险评价模型的基础上,建立了基于合作的工程项目风险动态模糊评价模型,确定了项目合作性评价指标的层次结构;利用修正模糊AHP方法确定了各个指标的权重,并利用模糊推理方法,对工程项目风险进行了定量研究.这种方法考虑了项目参与方的合作性对工程项目风险大小的影响及项目风险随时间变化的动态性,从而使得风险的评价更合理.     

水利水电项目经济风险的模糊分析方法

针对水利水电项目经济评价中存在着众多模糊不确定因素的客观实际，分析了影响经济风险的模糊不确定性因素的特点；引入了模糊事件及模糊概率的概念、表达式和计算方法，研究了基于模糊不确定性的水利水电项目经济风险分析方法和风险评价指标。结合实例对方法进行验证，并与分析技术法的结果进行了对比分析，结果表明方法是可行的。     

基于DCF/Options矩阵评价模型的投资项目可行性分析

在进行项目投资时,企业往往面临投资的不可逆性,未来回报的不确定性,投资的杠杆效应和延迟性。在使用传统的分析方法对项目可行性进行评价时,往往会造成项目评价的片面性。主要分析了传统方法的缺点和决策者风险偏好对净现值评价方法的影响,并将实物期权理论引入项目决策,最后将DCF与Options 2种分析方法结合,构建一种新的项目评价方法——矩阵分析法,从而为决策的制定提供更为准确的信息。     

企业投资项目经济可行性评价

企业投资项目经济可行性评价是项目可行性研究的核心内容。以现金流量为定量基础的净现值、内含报酬率等动态评价指标在项目经济评价中的推广应用,弥补了静态评价指标的局限性。但由于投资项目涉及的时间周期长,投资金额大,因此在项目可行性评价中必须考虑的重要问题是动态指标的动态运用。文章通过案例说明：在投资项目净现值的计算中,根据未来可能出现的情况对现金流量和贴现率的测算都应该进行及时修正,才能提高经济可行性评价的准确性和可靠性,有效地避免投资风险。并针对我国中、小企业的现状,指出企业基础管理、市场调研和预测、国内国际经济信息的掌握等都是影响项目现金流量和贴现率的主要因素。     

M公司年产100MW晶体硅太阳能电池片项目经济效益评价研究

本文从项目经济效益评价指标分析、不确定性分析等方面对M公司年产100MW晶体硅太阳能电池片项目进行了深入的经济效益评价研究。研究表明：本项目具有较强的盈利能力及抗风险能力,经济效益良好;同时,项目对销售价格、经营成本变化的反应比较敏感,尤其是经营成本,这就要求M公司切实采取有力措施努力控制成本,尤其是项目的可变成本。     

投资项目经济评价不确定性分析方法及其应用

用于计算投资项目经济指标的很多基础数据均来自预测和估算，因此经济指标受到各种不确定因素的影响。作者分析了盈亏平衡分析与敏感性分析等常规的不确定性分析方法，指出了这些方法存在的问题，在此基础上提出了一种新的综合运用层次分析法与蒙特卡罗法的不确定性分析方法，给出了用到投资项目经济评价中新的不确定性分析方法的计算方法。对于某投资项目，选取净现值为顶层目标，选取对净现值影响较大的投资额、经营成本和产品价格为模拟量，应用新方法进行了不确定性分析，得出该项目受未来不确定因素的影响很大，项目风险高的结论。案例分析表明，新方法能综合地分析不确定因素对经济评价指标的影响。     

基于模糊理论的信息化项目风险管理评价研究

信息化项目的实施及实现过程中存在的不确定性导致信息化项目管理过程中存在各种各样的风险,只有对这些风险进行控制和管理,才能使信息化项目获得成功.通过对风险定义为评价或研究对象所具有的不确定性,在风险评价中引入模糊理论,在隶属度的基础上,定义出模糊熵和熵权,对信息化项目的风险进行评估,为管理者提供理论依据.     

基于随机森林赋权和改进ELECTRE-Ⅲ方法的科技奖励评价研究

针对科技奖励评价中各指标权重的不确定性问题,提出随机森林赋权法,利用可靠性分析计算专家评分数据的泛化误差,根据最小错误率得到各评价项目的各评价指标权重,减少主观赋权的影响;引入一致可信度、非一致可信度和净可信度信息,提出改进的ELECTRE-Ⅲ方法,将某一评价项目优于其他评价项目的程度具体量化,解决专家评分数据为次序变量的问题.实证表明:随机森林赋权法和改进后的ELECTRE-Ⅲ方法相结合,既提高了权重估计的精确度和可信度,又解决了难以给定门槛值和不能完全排序的问题,使评价结果更加科学、客观、合理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that