可构成空-地攻击条件的判据

对于在任意的载机对目标位置速度指向上,受可用过载的约束,能否操纵飞机构成正确的投放条件这一空-地攻击决策系统所要解决的基本问题,给出两个判据,分别基于两种载机导引策略：角误差比例导引律和通常的比例导引律．证明了角误差比例导引律在大范围内保证了走向误差的指数收敛．并指出,空-地攻击的诀策问题与任务解算是不可分高的．     

Genetic algorithm for pareto optimum-based route selection

A quality of service (QoS) or constraint-based routing selection needs to find a path subject to multiple constraints through a network. The problem of finding such a path is known as the multi-constrained path(MCP) problem, and has been proven to be NP-complete that cannot be exactly solved in a polynomial time. The NPC problem is converted into a multiobjective optimization problem with constraints to be solved with a genetic algorithm. Based on the Pareto optimum, a constrained routing computation method is proposed to generate a set of nondominated optimal routes with the genetic algorithm mechanism. The convergence and time complexity of the novel algorithm is analyzed. Experimental results show that multiobjective evolution is highly responsive and competent for the Pareto optimum-based route selection. When this method is applied to a MPLS and metropolitan-area network, it will be capable of optimizing the transmission performance.     

基于eM-Plant的参数化虚拟组合设备

由于大直径晶圆的加工具有严格的逗留时间约束和时间波动, 使得组合设备的调度及其可行性的验证存在很大的困难, 而仿真是一个有效的方法. 如果组合设备的调度存在可行性, 那么, 通过仿真能够找到系统的可行调度. 利用eM-Plant建立了虚拟的单臂组合设备, 该系统是可重配置的. 不同类型的晶圆加工具有不同的晶圆流模式和加工时间, 该虚拟组合设备能够模拟不同的晶圆加工, 而参数化的虚拟组合设备实现了可重用性. 为了实现可视化, 建立了三维模型的虚拟组合设备. 对于操作组合设备的工程人员来说, 该系统是直观和有效的. 最后,通过例子验证了虚拟组合设备是可行的.     

延迟修理的修理工多重休假可修系统更换模型

针对有延迟修理的修理工多重休假单部件可修系统,提出了一种维修更换模型。系统发生故障时可能因修理工的休假或故障情况而得不到及时修理,因此系统可处于工作、修理和待修三种状态。假设系统每次维修后均不能“修复如新”和系统每次故障以概率1-p延迟修理的情况下,以系统的故障次数N为更换策略,通过扩展几何过程理论建立数学模型,求出了系统经长期运行单位时间内期望效益的明显表达式。最后,通过数值例子验证了该方法的有效性。     

"全球化"的复杂性反思

全球化是一个动态的、内在地充满矛盾的过程，它包含着使我们人类既有可能发展，也有可能退化的普遍复杂性和矛盾；它只有通过对世界各个民族、国家和地区经济、政治、化的互相适应、互相趋同，通过对一系列矛盾的协调和消解才能顺利实现。中国对经济全球化要采取理智实在的态度，要对“接轨”和“赶超战略”等重大战略问题进行总体反思，以真正做到从国情出发、自主地制定和实施现代化战略；当然这也不排斥向任何一种值得借鉴的发展模式学习；更为重要的是，在当今复杂多变的时代情势下，无论是进行独立选择还是借鉴学习，都应该是一个及时更新的动态过程，是一个不断探索的过程。     

模糊矩阵的特征向量

设 A为 n阶模糊方阵 ,X为 n维模糊向量 .若模糊矩阵方程 AX =X成立 ,则称 X为模糊矩阵 A的一个特征向量 .本文给出了模糊向量 X为模糊矩阵 A的特征向量的充分必要条件 ,最大特征向量的求法 ,并建立了布尔方阵特征向量个数的计算公式 .     

将仿真/仿真设施改造成高层体系结构兼容的应用系统

将现有的仿真／仿真设施改造成HLA兼容的应用系统，是为了让它们成为HLA联邦开发过程中可重有的单元，能参与新的仿真，省时省力地实现新的仿真目标，本文讨论了将现有的仿真／仿真设施改造HLA兼容的应用系统的一般原理与方法，重点讨论了完成改造的两个关键活动：仿真对象模型（SOM）的开发和HLA接口的开发，并给出了改造基于Matlab/Simulink所建立的仿真为HLA兼容的一个实例。     

Systemic Thinking in China: A Meta-Decision-Making Bridge to Western Concepts

We use a meta-decision-making approach to show that parallels can be drawn between an Oriental systems methodology, wuli, shili, renli (WSR), and the adjusting, convincing, and committing dimensions in nomology, a generic metamodel that is based in decision science. We then use the match between them to propose a metalinguistic bridge between China and the West that could aid in the communication and sharing of systems experiences. We use the bridge to consider some of the interpretations of Chinese systems experiences in terms of Western models in a special issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research (Vol. 13, No. 1, 2000) on systemic thinking in China. We show how WSR could help to relate these interpretations in terms of Chinese concepts. We explore proposals in a paper in the special issue by Midgley et al. (2000) about how to operationalize human relations in Chinese systems practice. We show that these correspond to a suggestion that developing commitment within a systems project should be done in a convincing manner. Hence, in WSR terms, we would say that their advice could be interpreted as meaning that shili should be used to operationalize renli. Finally, we propose as a research agenda that the bridge be used to explore how Chinese insights could help to illuminate Western systems experience.     

基于时间片段的多IT项目人力资源调度问题求解

针对多个IT项目的人力资源调度问题, 根据其在时间和人员方面的特殊要求, 可以将项目的演进时间划分 为相等的时间片段, 然后根据特定时间片段内的活动与可选人员之间的关系, 建立相应的人员调度方案搜索树. 将所有时间片段内的搜索树按顺序连接后, 可以得到总的方案树, 并列出所有的方案, 然后根据不同方案下得到的平均提前完工率和提前完工率方差, 找到最优解. 又为该搜索算法添加了启发规则, 使搜索空间急剧收缩, 极大提高了搜索效率. 基于该算法的特殊性, 可以将其用于求解许多具有与上述问题类似条件的资源调度问题. 本研究通过实例发现, 根据运算中的特殊规律, 该算法还具有进一步提取启发规则的潜力.     

平行机及自由作业的排序与转包

研究工件排序与转包相联的模型,即制造商从客户处接受一批工件,这些工件既可以由制造商加工,也可以一定费用转包给承包商加工.制造商需要确定被转包的工件集及工件的加工顺序,使得加工费用和转包费用之和为最小.研究制造商为平行机及自由作业,承包商为单机情况下的排序与转包模型,基于动态规划算法给出了近似算法,并分析了该算法的性能比.     

Transforming Self and Society: A "Critical Appreciation" Model

This paper sets out to uncover some relationships between reflection, discourse and action. By challenging and synthesizing some polemical arguments concerning the creation, maintenance, and transformation of self and society, a model of self-society dynamics that operates through reflection, discourse, and action is developed. The model of self-society dynamics brings together aspects of self-reflection and ideology-critique (explored in the paper), which it is suggested are required for any intervention (transformative action) to be grounded in locally meaningful ways. By creating a dialog community in which self- and group assumptions can be subjected to validation through discourse, it is proposed that a dynamic balance between individual needs and broader societal aims may be achieved. If individuals can be open to such discourse (i.e., they can become critically self-reflective), then it is argued that possibilities for achieving sustainable change will be significantly enhanced.     

On parametric approach of aerial robots' visual navigation

In aerial robots＇ visual navigation, it is essential yet very difficult to detect the attitude and position of the robots operated in real time. By introducing a new parametric model, the problem can be reduced from almost unmanageable to be partly solved, though not fully, as per the requirement. In this parametric approach, a multi-scale least square method is formulated first. By propagating as well as improving the parameters down from layer to layer of the image pyramid, a new global feature line can then be detected to parameterize the attitude of the robots. Furthermore, this approach paves the way for segmenting the image into distinct parts, which can be realized by deploying a Bayesian classifier on the picture cell level. Comparison with the Hough transform based method in terms of robustness and precision shows that this multi-scale least square algorithm is considerably more robust to noises. Some discussions are also given.     

Nonlinear Characteristics of Systems and Its Application in Urban Planning DSS

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Adaptive failure compensation for uncertain systems with multiple inputs

The aim of this paper is to develop controllers for uncertain systems in the presence of stuck type actuator failures. A new scheme is proposed to design output feedback controllers for a class of uncertain systems having redundant control inputs, with which the relative degrees of transfer functions are different. To deal with these inputs using backstepping technique, a pre-filter is introduced before each actuator such that its output is the input to the actuator. The orders of the pre-filters are chosen properly to ensure all their inputs can be designed at the same step in the systematic design. To compensate for the effects of possible failed actuators, more uncertain parameters than system parameters are required to be identified. With the proposed scheme, the global boundedness of the closed-loop system can still be ensured and the system output can be regulated to a specific value when some of the actuators' outputs are stuck at unknown fixed values.     

利用谱方法的多路选择器树形网络设计

讨论了逻辑函数的Walsh谱的一种分解方法,以及Walsh变换的一种快速并行算法,这种算法可在真值表阵列上方便地实现.给出了利用Walsh谱方法进行多路选择器树形网络设计的一种方法,这种方法可以使待设计的多路选择器网络成为最小树形网络,并且容易实现多路选择器网络的自动综合.     

Managerial Effectiveness from a System Theoretical Point of View

This paper defines managerial effectiveness as the ability to answer three questions: (1) Given sparse knowledge of a problematic situation, how is it possible to extract information from it?; (2) If such information can indeed be extracted, how can it be structured in a way which enables rigorous problem definition?; and (3) If a problem can indeed be defined rigorously, how can this definition be used to inform a systemic approach toward resolution? Managerial effectiveness, in other words, is understood as the ability to make systemic decisions in the absence of clear facts. A configuration of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is presented, and it is argued that this configuration addresses the three questions and facilitates useful and practical systemic results in the face of partial information. Overall, the paper provides a theoretical basis for discussing managerial effectiveness, a decision making model which renders the theory operational, a teaching and training tool for disseminating SSM, and a blueprint from which to begin considering software support for the methodology.     

Uncoupled PID Control of Coupled Multi-Agent Nonlinear Uncertain systems

In this paper, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers will be designed to solve the tracking problem for a class of coupled multi-agent systems, where each agent is described by a second-order high-dimensional nonlinear uncertain dynamical system, which only has access to its own tracking error information and does not need to communicate with others. This paper will show that a 3-dimensional manifold can be constructed based on the information about the Lipschitz constants of the system nonlinear dynamics, such that whenever the three parameters of each PID controller are chosen from the manifold, the whole multi-agent system can be stabilized globally and the tracking error of each agent approaches to zero asymptotically. For a class of coupled first-order multi-agent nonlinear uncertain systems, a PI controller will be designed to stabilize the whole system.     

基于LMI的不确定广义系统鲁棒无源化

针对具有不确定性且为线性分式形式的广义系统,考虑其严格无源化问题。利用严格线性矩阵不等式,首先给出了系统广义二次稳定且严格无源的充要条件,然后分别讨论了利用串级补偿和前馈补偿的方法使得系统广义二次稳定且严格无源的充要条件,同时给出了相应的补偿器设计方法.最后举例说明补偿的方法。     

基于模糊理论的风险评价方法

针对传统风险评价过程中无法综合多人的评价结果、风险之间难以排序等问题,提出了一种基于模糊理论的风险评价方法。建立模糊风险矩阵,把可能性和严酷度放在同一尺度下讨论,引入层次分析法核心理念确定可能性和严酷度对风险的影响权重,综合多人对可能性和严酷度的评价结果,通过确定的可能性和严酷度对风险的影响权重以及综合的评价结果得到风险值。以飞行控制系统中的具体危险为例采用该方法进行评价。通过该方法确定的不同危险的风险指数可进行详细的风险排序,支持风险决策,验证了该方法的工程实用性和有效性。该方法能够更客观地评价危险,为危险的预防措施制定和管理决策提供依据。