自组装纳米银膜制备及表征

阐述一种新的制备银纳米粒子基底的方法,可使银纳米粒子生长到一定的尺寸,利用紫外-可见光谱和AFM研究该基底纳米粒子的尺寸分布和形貌,并对基底的SERS谱进行了研究。     

Characterization of MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powder produced by high-energy mechanical milling as feedstock for high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying deposition

Al2O3 nanoparticles and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powder (M = Ni, Co, or NiCo) were produced using high-energy ball milling. The MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 coating was deposited by selecting an optimum nanocomposite powder as feedstock for high-velocity oxy-gen fuel thermal spraying. The morphological and microstructural examinations of the Al2O3 nanoparticles and the commercial MCrAlY and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersed spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The structural investigations and Williamson–Hall res-ults demonstrated that the ball-milled Al2O3 powder after 48 h has the smallest crystallite size and the highest amount of lattice strain among the as-received and ball-milled Al2O3 owing to its optimal nanocrystalline structure. In the case of developing MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocompos-ite powder, the particle size of the nanocomposite powders decreased with increasing mechanical-milling duration of the powder mixture.     

磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后用异丙醇为凝聚剂采用单凝聚法制备磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子。考察了明胶浓度与异丙醇的体积以及Fe3O4含量对粒径分布及性能的关系。采用透射电子显微镜和Zetasizer粒度分析仪测量磁性明胶复合纳米粒子的平均粒径,X射线衍射仪和红外光谱以及热重及差热分析进行结构和热稳定分析。结果表明磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子中的Fe3O4纳米粒子被明胶所包覆,而且粒径很小,具有良好的热稳定性。     

单分子层表面修饰铜纳米颗粒的制备方法

在乙醇-水体系中,以N,N'-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸烷基酯为修饰剂,在NaOH和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)存在下,用硼氢化钠还原硫酸铜,制备了粒径、形貌可控的单分子层表面修饰铜纳米颗粒.利用FT-IR、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis等手段对铜纳米颗粒进行了表征.结果表明:修饰剂对铜纳米颗粒的粒径大小、分布、形貌有一定影响,N,N'-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸烷基酯能在铜纳米颗粒表面形成较紧密的吸附层,有效提高了铜纳米颗粒的稳定性和分散性,并且随着修饰剂烷基链的增长,铜纳米颗粒的粒径略有增大.     

羟丙基-β-环糊精修饰纳米碳管载钯催化剂的制备及其甲酸氧化性能

以羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)为添加剂修饰碳纳米管为复合载体,常温常压下,成功合成了Pd纳米簇状结构,并用于甲酸的电催化氧化.XRD及TEM结果表明,制备出的Pd纳米簇状结构由粒径均匀,约为3.6nm的纳米颗粒组成,且高度分散沉积在载体表面.循环伏安测试结果表明,催化剂Pd/HP-β-CD-MWCNTs对甲酸氧化表现出了较高的催化活性和电化学比表面积.研究表明,在HP-β-CD存在条件下,将Pd纳米簇沉积在未作处理的碳纳米管上制备的催化剂适合应用于甲酸燃料电池.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method.The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction,which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm.The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm.The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature.The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The increase in the crystallite size,decreasing band gap,and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

Structural,morphological,and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide(SnO_2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea(Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO_2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

咪唑类离子液体在金纳米粒子表面结构性质的模拟研究

采用分子动力学(Molecular Dynamics,MD)模拟方法,研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM][BF₄])离子液体在不同尺寸的金纳米粒子表面的结构性质.计算结果在分子水平上揭示了咪唑类离子液体在Au纳米粒子表面的结构特征与纳米粒子尺寸密切相关.通过分析,发现阳离子中的烷基侧链在小尺寸Au₁₃纳米粒子表面聚集的最多,然而阳离子中的咪唑环则在大尺寸Au₃₀₉纳米粒子表面聚集的最多.同时,取向分布也表明阳离子中的咪唑环倾向于分布在大尺寸Au₃₀₉纳米粒子周围而不是小尺寸Au₁₃纳米粒子.进一步的能量分析表明,阳离子中的烷基侧链与小尺寸的Au₁₃纳米粒子相互作用能要强于阳离子中的咪唑环,而Au₃₀₉纳米粒子则与咪唑环的相互作用能最强.此外,无论是对于小尺寸的Au₁₃纳米粒子还是大尺寸的Au₃₀₉纳米粒子,阴离子的相互作用能都是最小的.这预示着阴离子对于Au纳米粒子表面结构性质是典型的间接作用.     

直流磁控溅射Ti-Si-N 超硬纳米复合膜的结构与力学性能

采用Ti-Si复合靶在321不锈钢基体上用直流磁控反应溅射方法制得超硬纳米复合Ti-Si-N膜层,并借助能谱仪(EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、纳米压入仪和划痕仪对膜层的成分、结构和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:随着膜层中Si含量的增加,Ti-Si-N膜的硬度逐渐升高,当a(Si)=11.2%时达到峰值42 GPa;随着Si含量的进一步增长,膜层硬度开始下降.XRD和XPS结果显示,最硬的Ti-Si-N膜层包含大小约为8 nm的TiN纳米晶以及包围在其周围的非晶态Si3N4.XRD结果显示,随着Si的引入,膜层中TiN晶粒的择优取向由纯TiN膜层中的(111)变为Ti-Si-N膜层中的(200).划痕实验也显示了Si的添加对膜层结合力的影响.最后对该纳米复合膜的强化机制进行了探讨.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis> extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO₂ may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

H2O2增效Ag+掺杂ZnO纳米晶光催化体系降解亚甲基蓝

以水合碳酸锌为前驱体,利用激光复合加热蒸发技术,制得粒径分布均匀,平均粒径在30 nm左右的Ag 掺杂ZnO纳米晶半导体光催化剂.利用UV-Vis,TEM,AFM和XRD等进行了表征.对光催化体系降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的研究表明:悬浮Ag 掺杂ZnO纳米晶的悬浮水相体系中,Ag 的掺杂能有效地改善ZnO对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能.此外,H2O2能有效增强Ag 掺杂ZnO纳米晶对MB的降解效率,H2O2浓度为0.05 mol/L时可以使Ag 掺杂ZnO纳米晶的光催化效率提高近1倍.降解产物光谱分析表明:H2O2的存在优先使MB的苯环开环降解,并使其降解更彻底.     

Water-driven structure transformation in nanoparticles at room temperature

The thermodynamic behaviour of small particles differs from that of the bulk material by the free energy term gammaA--the product of the surface (or interfacial) free energy and the surface (or interfacial) area. When the surfaces of polymorphs of the same material possess different interfacial free energies, a change in phase stability can occur with decreasing particle size. Here we describe a nanoparticle system that undergoes structural changes in response to changes in the surface environment rather than particle size. ZnS nanoparticles (average diameter 3 nm) were synthesized in methanol and found to exhibit a reversible structural transformation accompanying methanol desorption, indicating that the particles readily adopt minimum energy structural configurations. The binding of water to the as-formed particles at room temperature leads to a dramatic structural modification, significantly reducing distortions of the surface and interior to generate a structure close to that of sphalerite (tetrahedrally coordinated cubic ZnS). These findings suggest a route for post-synthesis control of nanoparticle structure and the potential use of the nanoparticle structural state as an environmental sensor. Furthermore, the results imply that the structure and reactivity of nanoparticles at planetary surfaces, in interplanetary dust and in the biosphere, will depend on both particle size and the nature of the surrounding molecules.     

Facile synthesis of monodispersed copper oxalate flaky particles in the presence of EDTA

Monodispersed copper oxalate particles with flaky morphology were prepared via a simple one-pot synthesis method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to characterize particle morphology, size, phase composition, and functional groups. It was found that the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the solution pH value had strong influence on the morphological and size evolution of the precipitated particles. On the basis of controlled release of copper ions from a Cu2+–EDTA complex and Weimarn’s law, a strategy for the controlled synthesis of monodispersed copper oxalate particles was designed by referring to the basic mode of the Stöber method. The inherent nature of crystallization to form the flaky solid in the early stage of precipitation as well as the driving force of the long-lasting low supersaturation in the growth stage was proposed to explain the size and morphological evolution of the copper oxalate precipitates. Thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations of copper(Ⅱ) species in the Cu(Ⅱ)–EDTA–oxalate–H₂O solution system were calculated to help explain the possible formation mechanism of copper oxalate precipitates.     

电化学法制备纳米铜粒子

本文采用电化学方法制备纳米铜粒子,制得的铜纳米粒子粒径约为75nm。电解是在配位剂(EDTA)的存在下,加入一定量的保护剂(十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的混合物)配制电解液,聚乙烯吡烷酮大分子作保护剂较有效地阻止了纳米金属铜粒子的团聚作用。采用紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对反应产物进行了表征。与其它方法相比,电化学方法制备纳米铜粒子,具有反应条件温和、仪器设备简单等优点。     

液相化学还原法制备纳米银和纳米铜粒子

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为保护剂,葡萄糖为还原剂,利用液相化学还原法成功的制备了纳米银和纳米铜粒子.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的形貌和结构进行了分析结果表明,所制得的纳米银和纳米铜为纯银和纯铜.且硝酸银的浓度、反应时间对纳米银形貌及粒径有着很大的影响.当选择合适的硝酸银浓度及反应时间,能够制备平均粒径为10 nm、粒径均匀、单分散的纳米银粒子.另外,UV光谱也证实,所制的溶胶为粒径均匀的纳米银和纳米铜溶胶.     

低温自蔓延燃烧法制备纳米Sm2O3

将溶胶-凝胶法（sol—gel）和低温燃烧技术（LCS）相结合，成功开发了一种以溶胶-凝胶为前驱体的燃烧合成Sm2O3纳米粉体的技术．利用XRD，TEM，AFM等方法对合成产物进行了表征，并考察了制备条件对Sm2O3纳米粉体尺寸和形貌的影响．     

采用水解法制备壳-核式SiO2/TiO2复合颗粒

以钛酸丁酯、正硅酸乙酯为原料采用水解法制备了单分散的SiO2／TiO2复合微粒；运用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法对所得复合微粒进行了表征．AFM和TEM的观察结果表明，SiO2／TiO2复合粒子呈核一壳结构，内核粒径约130nm、表面SiO2包覆层厚度约30nm．XRD分析表明复合微粒内核为锐钛矿型二氧化钛，表面包覆层为非晶态SiO2．此外紫外-可见吸收谱表明该复合微粒具有优良的紫外屏蔽和可见透过的光学特性。     

5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米微球的制备及表征

壳聚糖(CS)作载体,与三聚磷酸钠(TPP)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)发生离子交联反应,制备具有缓释效能的5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米微球,并以微球载药量、颗粒大小为指标设计优化了其制备方法,考察不同因数水平对微球的载药量的影响。用傅立叶红外光谱表征了其结构,用激光散射粒径仪测得微球的平均粒径为143~212 nm。氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球最大载药量为48.3%,在pH 7.1磷酸盐缓冲溶液中对氟尿嘧啶的缓释作用明显,释放周期较长,药物含量越大,药物从微球中释放出来的速率越快,可作为靶向药物控释体系。     

超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法制备尤特奇S100纳米颗粒

采用超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法(ASES)制备了尤特奇S100(Eudragit S100)纳米粒,考察了有机溶剂的选择、压力、温度、溶液浓度及流速等主要工艺参数对Eudragit S100纳米粒形貌及粒径大小的影响,并采用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析对结果进行了表征。结果表明,在以丙酮作为溶剂、压力为16 MPa、温度为45℃、溶液浓度为1 mg/m L的工艺条件下,可制备出有机溶剂残留少、分布均匀、平均粒径为30~60 nm的Eudragit S100纳米颗粒。纳米粒子的平均粒径随温度、压力的升高而减小,随溶液浓度的减小而减小。     

Au NPs decorated TiO2 nanotubes array candidate for UV photodetectors

This work reports the Au nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) which were successfully synthesized by a simple two-step anodization method. This fabrication process is notable for a simple and inexpensive method for obtaining pure TiO2 NTs and Au NPs deposited TiO2 NTs. The prepared samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and I-V curve. We found that the size of Au NPs can be controlled by changing the bias voltage during the deposition. The photodetectors of Au NPs/TiO2 devices showed good wavelength selectivity with high photocurrent as compared to pure TiO2 NTs devices. Subsequently, Au NPs deposited on TiO2 NTs at bias voltage of 70 V was potentially used in fabrication of UV photodetector. At this applied voltage, a high density of Au NPs was uniformly deposited on TiO2 NTs. As a result, it enables a high photocurrent and great responsivity in UV region. It is suggested that the Au NPs deposited TiO2 NTs device shows good promise for UV photodetectors with possibility to fine-tune properties in both UV and visible regions and is worthy of further investigation.