基于大气偏振光学的太阳跟踪方法

太阳位置信息不仅在太阳能领域应用广泛,而且在偏振光导航领域中被作为重要的空间特征,为偏振光导航提供信息。在研究大气偏振模式分布规律时,发现太阳位置与偏振模式存在着一定的对应关系;利用这一联系提出一种新的太阳跟踪方法:对偏振模式进行采样,得到各个采样点的偏振信息(偏振度和偏振角度)与太阳空间位置(高度角和方位角)之间的关系方程组。利用最小二乘法求得最优解并将其作为太阳位置。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性,接着通过全天候和遮挡情况下的太阳跟踪实验进行了验证。实验表明用该方法求解得到的太阳高度角和方位角的平均误差在0.5°;并且不受空间位置和时间的限制,不存在误差积累,不受遮挡物对太阳遮挡的影响,体现出良好准确性和的环境适应性,可以有效地实现太阳空间位置确定和太阳跟踪。     

惯性导航系统极区导航参数解算方法

针对惯性导航系统(INS)极区航向、速度误差增大和大圆航线航向角快速改变的问题,提出了一种INS极区导航参数解算方法.首先研究了极区INS误差抑制机制,构建了椭球面栅格航向基准模型,然后利用INS解算的导航参数信息,实现了栅格航向和栅格速度解算,最后完成了极区导航参数导航性能评估.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法计算简单,解算的导航参数有利于极区航行监控和航行绘算;栅格航向和速度精度明显优于地理航向和速度精度,可以满足极区载体航行需求,提高了INS极区导航性能.     

基于偏振成像的方位角度解算算法的设计与验证

成像式偏振导航传感器较点源式偏振导航传感器,具有精度高、抗干扰能力强的优势,但目前尚无一种有效的成像式偏振导航算法。该文分析了天空偏振分布模式中太阳子午线在传感器平面上投影的特征,推导出在传感器平面内有且只有一条直线,其上的偏振角度为90°且这条直线就是太阳子午线;根据太阳子午线的这一特性,提出一种基于偏振成像的太阳方位角解算算法。使用偏振成像验证平台对算法进行了验证。在实际天空偏振环境的测量中,太阳方位角的测量重复精度优于0.074°(3σ)。     

基于极球面投影的惯导高纬导航方法

针对现有惯导系统高纬航向、速度误差增大和导航参数不能满足大圆航行需求的问题,研究一种基于极球面投影的惯导高纬导航方法.首先借鉴极球面投影网格导航的思想构建椭球面网格航向基准模型,然后利用惯导系统原有解算信息,以实现网格航向和网格速度解算,最后在分析高纬导航方法误差抑制机理的基础上对高纬导航参数性能进行评估.理论分析和仿真结果表明:该方法可以有效提高惯导系统高纬导航性能,能够满足载体高纬航行需求.     

基于天空偏振光分布模式的仿生导航定向机理初探

提出了一种利用天空偏振光分布确定仿生导航系统航向角的方法。该方法将理论分析和实验相结合,建立了天空偏振光分布的理论和实验模型;在深入分析模型的基础上,确定了为导航系统提供航向信息的导航参考线——太阳子午线;结合天文导航方法,确定太阳的相对位置。最后,建立地平坐标系为导航坐标系,举例说明了确定航向角的整个过程。     

GPS卫星小高度角下多普勒频移的实验分析

实时卫星位置解算在整个GPS接收机导航解算过程中占有极其重要的地位.正常情况下,多普勒频移应随着卫星高度角的增大而减小.然而,在对实时卫星位置解算实验进行结果分析时,却出现了高度角(仰角)较小的卫星所解算出的多普勒频移不成反比的现象.针对这一现象,文中设计实验进行分析得出:在高度角小于11°时,高度角大小与多普勒频移不成反比.     

区域大气可降水量变化的地基GPS探测研究

利用南京市地基全球定位系统(GPS)网的观测资料,分析比较不同的卫星星历、不同数量的国际GPS服务(IGS)参考站、不同的截止高度角,以及不同的映射函数模型对GPS探测大气可降水量(PWV)的影响。结果表明:使用快速预报星历,选择3个IGS参考站,采用10°以下截止高度角和VMF1映射函数模型进行区域大气可降水量解算是最优的解算策略。最后根据此解算策略,对2009年南京地区某次降雪预报的误报进行分析解释,进一步证明了利用区域GPS网监测大气可降水量可较准确地分析区域大气的天气变化,提高中小尺度天气预报精度。     

三通道偏振成像导航传感器的设计与应用

为了获得较高的偏振光航向精度,设计实现了一种三通道成像偏振导航传感器装置样机。研究了基于Stokes矢量的偏振光测量原理;并基于此原理搭建了传感器。编写了程序控制软件,可以实时输出航向角,解决了一般实验装置无法实时测量航向角的缺点。进行了室外装置测试实验,实验结果表明:传感器室外航向角测量平均误差为0.83°,能够稳定输出导航角度,可以满足实时测试的需要,为下一步组合导航提供稳定的信息源。     

旋转式天空偏振光的航向角检测系统

为了提高点源式偏振光探测器的可靠性和精度,在斯托克斯(Stokes)矢量的偏振光测量原理的基础上采用单个偏振光传感器通道设计并且搭建了 一种快速旋转式天空偏振光信息探测系统,通过GPS授时确定太阳子午线的位置,进而实时解算出航向角数据,在室内和天气晴朗、空旷的室外条件下完成了数据采集,最大误差为1.047°,平均误差为...     

一种基于位置修正和卡尔曼滤波的姿态角推算算法

在动态载体如汽车、船舶或静态载体如桥梁,房屋的姿态推算中,使用全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)进行载体测向比起使用惯性传感器成本较低,且随时间不会累积误差。针对在多天线基线解算时存在的接收机时钟不同步造成基线解算精度下降,以及载体运动过程中多径和周跳等造成的误差问题,本文提出了一种基于参考天线位置修正的扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended kalman filter,EKF)算法,根据载体移动速度和接收机之间的时钟差对每一历元载体参考天线位置矫正,提高基线解算的精度,从而提高姿态角精度。基线解算采用实时动态定位技术(real time kinematic,RTK),根据接收机给出的载波相位观测量,在参考天线和其他天线之间做双差建立观测方程,求解出基线向量。将得到的多组基线向量利用最小二乘法求解出姿态角。根据实际测试表明,该方法在基线长度不超过1.5米的情况下,静态航向角和俯仰角精度达到0.2°,低动态情况下航向角精度达到0.2°,俯仰角精度达到0.3°。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-