2,4—D诱地高粱结瘤与根瘤菌（ORS—571）共生固氮研究

报道了以植物激素２，４－Ｄ（２，４－二氯苯氧惭酸）处理高粱，并接种ＯＲＳ－５７１根瘤菌，诱导高粱根系结瘤并与结瘤组织共生，表现出固氮活性。     

2,4-D诱导高粱结瘤与根瘤菌(ORS-571)共生固氮研究

报道了以植物激素２，４－Ｄ（２，４－二氯苯氧乙酸）处理高粱（甜杂１号Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｖｕｌａ－ｇａｒｅ），并接种ＯＲＳ－５７１根瘤菌，诱导高粱根系结瘤并与结瘤组织共生，表现出固氮活性     

2,4—D诱导结瘤对青稞生长的影响

在２，４－Ｄ诱导下，接种豇豆根瘤菌，能诱导青稞根部结瘤，在其根瘤中有一定数量的接种根瘤菌；同时，２，４－Ｄ诱导结瘤的青稞植株的株高、株重均比对照高，而根长、叶片数、绿叶数比对照低，其根系生长受到严重抑制．     

诱导杨树结瘤固氮的研究

６种植物激素（２,４－Ｄ、ＮＡＡ、ＩＡＡ、ＩＢＡ、６－ＢＡ、Ｓ．Ｌ．）用不同浓度处理杨树无性系ＮＬ－８０１０６组培苗根系,其中２,４－Ｄ、ＩＢＡ、Ｓ．Ｌ．有不同程度的诱瘤作用。以２,４－Ｄ和ＩＢＡ诱导结瘤最为稳定有效,２,４－Ｄ诱瘤的最适浓度１．０～１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＩＢＡ为２．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。分离、回接和显微镜观察表明根瘤菌在诱瘤剂作用下已侵入诱导瘤。诱瘤剂在接种根瘤菌情况下对苗木生长有较为明显的促进作用,无论株高、鲜重和叶绿素含量都高于对照,尤以ＩＢＡ（３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）最为显著。     

接种方式对花榈木幼苗结瘤效应的影响

【目的】探讨珍贵用材树种花榈木幼苗接种根瘤菌的有效方法。【方法】设计了浸种、浸根、拌种和浇灌4种接种方式进行盆栽试验,以不接根瘤菌的盆栽苗为对照,观察接种后幼苗根系形态、结瘤数量变化,并测定幼苗生长、生理生化指标及固氮相关指标。【结果】不同接种方式处理下花榈木幼苗根系松软、呈土黄色,幼瘤多呈球形、黄褐色,结瘤部位多位于侧须根系上。不同接种方式处理的花榈木幼苗结瘤数量和质量差异明显,浇灌处理的结瘤数量最多,鲜瘤生物量最大,结瘤率最高,其次是浸根处理。接种上根瘤的花榈木幼苗生长指标均大于CK,与CK相比,4种接种方式处理下的苗高、地径和总生物量增幅分别为11.48%～29.51%、3.21%～26.61%和36.30%～148.18%; 总根长、总根表面积、根平均直径、总根体积和根尖数增幅分别为70.62%～139.39%、74.70%～140.97%、164.28%～200.00%、75.00%～250.00%和28.03%～167.42%。不同接种方式处理的花榈木结瘤幼苗生理生化指标差异显著,浇灌处理的花榈木结瘤幼苗叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、硝态氮含量和根系活力都明显高于其他处理。接种上根瘤的花榈木幼苗叶片全氮、鲜瘤豆血红蛋白含量、总氮量以及固氮量明显高于CK,浇灌和浸根处理优于其他处理。【结论】花榈木根瘤接种的适宜方式为用萌发种子浸根和用菌液浇灌长出真叶后的幼苗。     

不同氮源对结瘤小麦植株生长及其固氮活性的影响

用Ｎｉｔｒｏ苜蓿根瘤菌（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓｐ．）诱导小麦结瘤并研究不同氮源对植株生长和结瘤的影响．研究表明,在一定浓度范围内,ＮＯ３－和ＮＨ４＋均能促进植株生长和类根瘤的形成,植株干重的增加与培养基中ＮＯ３－的减少量呈正相关,该种类根瘤具有一定的固氮活性．     

花生根瘤菌诱变株感染大豆结瘤和固氮

花生根瘤菌诱变株感染大豆结瘤和固氮龙敏南，许良树，张凤章，曾定（生物学系）根瘤菌在共生固氮过程中会放Ｈ２，放Ｈ２是种能量浪费．Ｅｖａｎｓ等［１］研究表明：利用具有吸氢酶活性的根瘤菌［ＨＵｐ＋］接种豆科作物能提高固氮效率、增加作物产量．豆科植物根瘤菌的...     

山西省土著大豆根瘤菌共生结瘤固氮特性研究

在山西土壤气候条件下，大豆主栽品种自然结瘤率达９４．６％，单株结瘤量为３７．１±１５．２个，日固氮量０．４４～１，５６ｍｇ，每公顷约固氮３０ｋｇ。单株固氮总活性高峰期随品种和栽培条件的不同有所变化，而单瘤固氮活性的高峰均在花期。土著根瘤茵的固氮强度与结瘤量无相关性，固氮量与单瘤固氮酶活则成显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７１Ｐ＜０．０５）。覆膜栽培和秸秆还田均具有良好的共生固氮生态效应。     

豆科植物-根瘤菌共生固氮的分子机理

与豆科植物－根瘤菌共生固氮有关的基因涉及根瘤菌基因和宿主基因，根瘤菌基因有结瘤基因（nodD,nodAB-CIJ和hsn基因），根瘤菌细胞表面结构基因（exs,lps和ndv基因）和固氮基因（nif和fix基因）；宿主基因主要是结瘤素基因（ENOD和NOD基因）。根瘤菌结瘤基因表达后诱导产生结瘤因子。在根瘤发育过程中，这些基因在根瘤菌与植物之间进行着信息交换，并且具有不同的表达水平。结瘤因子和植物激素对它们进行着调节。     

人工诱导小麦结瘤的研究

对人工诱导小麦结瘤进行了研究．研究表明，在一定的培养条件下，以２，４－Ｄ诱导，豇豆根瘤菌侵染，小麦根部能形成大量的瘤状结构，这种结构类似于豆科根瘤，不仅有大量的分生细胞，而且还有一定数量的根瘤菌．这些细菌主要位于胞间隙中．在我们的实验条件下，瘤状结构的形成对小麦生长有一定的抑制作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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